Human Geography

• Distribution

• Population Growth

Newspapers have become overpopulated, so to speak, with warnings about human overpopulation. Such warnings have been issued regularly for decades - even centuries - with consistently incorrect predictions.

On the first Earth Day, Paul Ehrlich's 1968 bestseller, The Population Bomb, was widely quoted. He predicted that by 1985, the "population explosion" would lead to world famine, the death of the oceans, a reduction in life expectancy to 42 years, and the wasting of the Midwest into a vast desert.

He was about as accurate as Malthus himself, the Englishman who, in 1798, predicted catastrophic food shortages that never came.

• Migration

• Refugees

• Population Policies

• Food Supply

• Status of Women

Population Density

Arithmetic Population Density

• The population of a country or region expressed in an average per unit area.

• Accurate? Problems?

• Puerto Rico- – Total Pop: 4 Million– Total Land: 3,400 sq. miles– APD= 1167.8 people /square mile

Physiologic Population Density

• The number of people per unit area of arable land.

• Better? Why?

• Puerto Rico– Total Pop: 4 Million– PPD: 29,195 people per sq. mile of Arable land

Asia

• 1.3 Billion people in China

• Bulk of pop. Farmers- not city dwellers.

South Asia

• 1.5 Billion in this region

• Bangladesh: 133 million crammed into a country the size of Iowa. (5000 /sq mile: Iowa: 30/sq. mile)

• Capacity to support human population has already been exceeded.

Europe

• 450 million people

• Many live in the mountains too. Not just in arable land. Why?

"As a young man, my fondest dream was to become a geographer. However, while working in the customs office I thought deeply about the matter and concluded it was too difficult a subject. With some reluctance I then turned to physics as a substitute.” - Albert Einstein

Population Geography

Take out your cell phones, a writing utensil, and your textbooks.

Do you have a calculator?

Groups:

EAST ASIA

Dana, Austin, Emily W., Tiana

SOUTH ASIA

Gabby, Ryan, Zayron

EUROPE

James, Shania, Richard

NORTH AMERICA

Calvin, Ashley, Brett

OTHER REGIONS

Emily L., Jordan, Lakoya, Harley

Steps:

1. Read the passage stopping at each paragraph.

2. Rephrase the paragraph in one sentence as a group.

3. Create a clever way to explain your section to the other students in the class.

Take out your chapter 4 worksheets…

Chapter 5: Population Patterns and Processes

1) The population explosion of the past 200 years has increased from 1 billion to 6 billion.

2) Although hundreds of millions remain inadequately nourished, the threat of global hunger has receded – perhaps temporarily.

3) Rapid population growth varies over time and space.

4) Keys to reduction of population growth rates include providing greater access to education for women and securing their rights in society.

5) The demographic transition model suggests that the world's population will stabilize in the twenty-first century, but the model may not be universally acceptable.

Learning target

• Students will develop and interpret population pyramids, birth rates, and death rates to illustrate the impact of a changing population in the major population centers of the world.

Worldwide Population Trends

1) Adding about 80 million people every year; most increase is in areas that are least able to support new arrivals

2) Growth rate of world's population declined from 2.1% per year during 1965-69 to 1.6% during 1985-89. (Today = ~1.4%)

3) Even while global population growth rate has continued to decline, the reduction has been offset by the even larger total on which it is based.

4) Fastest growth in Subsaharan Africa, South Asia & Muslim countries. Smallest in Europe , N. America , Russia & Japan .

Dimensions of Population Growth

Arithmetic (linear) Growth

1)  Increases occur in uniform amounts.

2)  Human population has not expanded in a linear manner.

Dimensions of Population Growth

Exponential Growth

1)  Cumulative or compound growth over a period of time.

2)  Human population increases this way

Dimensions of Population Growth

Doubling time (70/rate of increase)

1) The time required for a population to double in size.

2)  Rates of Population Growth and Doubling Time: Nigeria population: 148.1

million. RNI: 2.5

Japan: RNI: 0.1%

World: 1.4%

Malthus….

What is this?

Time unit Births DeathsNatural

Increase

Year 131,571,719 55,001,289 76,570,430

Month 10,964,310 4,583,441 6,380,869

Day 360,470 150,688 209,782

Hour 15,020 6,279 8,741

Minute 250 105 146

Seconds 4.2 1.7 2.4

Rapid Growth - Philippines

Slow Growth – United States

Germany – Negative Growth

United States: 1950 - 2050

Demographic Change

• TP= OP + B – D + I – E

• Total Population = Original Population + Births – Deaths + Immigration – Emmigration.

Take out your textbooks, notebooks, and a writing utensil.• Vocabulary quiz on

Friday (Chapter 4-5).1. What is infant

mortality?

2. What is TFR?

3. What is RNI?

Demographic Transition

Countries (all?) go through a cycle:1. High Stationary Stage- high fertility, high

mortality2. Early Expanding Stage- high fertility,

declining mortality3. Late Expanding Stage- declining fertility

lower mortality4. Low Stationary Stage- low fertility and

low mortality, low growth.

Rapid Growth - Philippines

Slow Growth – United States

Germany – Negative Growth

1.True/False: In today’s world there are more internal migrants than external migrants.

2.True/False: The flow of Jewish immigrants to Israel has mainly been a twentieth-century phenomenon.

3.True/False: During the first decades of the twentieth century many thousands of black families from the South migrated to the industrializing cities of the northern United States.

4.True/False: During the 1980s the bitter war in Afghanistan caused as many as six million people to flee across the countries borders.

5.True/False: For many migrants, emigration is much easier today than in the past.

6.True/False: The center of the United States population is in the State of Arkansas.

7.True/False: During the 1970s the African regime ruling Uganda decided to oust nearly all Asians living in that country.

8.True/False: Several of the world’s largest migration streams have been forced migrations.

9.True/False: Refugee definitions and conditions vary from country to country.

10. True/False: The conflict in the former Yugoslavia has forced Europe to confront the largest refugee problem it has experienced since the end of the Second World War.

11. True/False: The refugee map changes frequently because it is difficult to predict where the next crisis will occur.

1. True/False: Today, most of the world’s governments seek to reduce the rate of natural population increase through various forms of restrictive population policies.

2. True/False: Urbanization and industrialization inhibit population growth more effectively than restrictive population policies can.

3.True/False: India’s political system is a federal system. 4.True/False: From a demographic standpoint there is only one

India. 5.True/False: Several Indian States have populations as large as

some larger world countries. 6.True/False: Complaints from urban areas caused China to relax

its one-child policy in 1984.True/False: An increasing world population does not necessarily

mean that the number of migrants will expand.8. True/False: No countries in South America place limits on the

number of immigrants who may cross their borders. 9.True/False: China’s Great Wall was actually built to both keep

non-Chinese out and ethnic Chinese in.10. True/False: The first official laws restricting immigration

from Western Hemisphere countries to the United States were passed in 1965.