Sheel Timir Shah

mastersheel007@gmail.com

Human Area Network

Contents

Introduction History Introduction To RedTacton Principles Used Working Construction Of Transceiver Prototypes Features

Contents

Application Advantages Drawbacks Human Safety Scope Of Research Conclusion References

As we all know that communication plays a necessary role in our daily life. Today people can communicate any time, anywhere and with anyone over mobile phone network. Now, the Internet provides people to huge quantity of data and information from any remotely located server to their home computers.

Introduction

Mean while human have made many electronic devices such as Personal Digital Assistants(PDAs), digital cameras and other such devices. Also the size of these devices are becoming small enough due to which they can carry or even wear various personal information. So there must be a possibility of communication between electronic devices on the human body(wearable computers) and ones embedded in our everyday environments, so this notion has led many researchers to research and develop on Human Area Network.

Introduction

Thomas Guthrie Zimmerman was the first person who gave thesis/white papers on “Near-Field Intra-Body Communication” at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in September 1995.

After that T. G. Zimmerman proposed this concept to the IBM(International Business Machine) in 1996.

History

Using concept of T. G. Zimmerman at the end of 2002 the Japanese telecommunications group NTT (Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corp. Laboratory) had announced that it would developed a new data transmission technology that uses the conductive properties of the human body to exchange information between electronic devices which is known as Human Area Network.

A revolutionary technology RedTacton was developed on 30 August 2005 by NTT DoCoMo, Japan.

History

RedTacton was developed by a seven person research team led by Yuichi Kado, executive manager of the Smart Devices Laboratory at NTTs Microsystems Integration Laboratories, in Atsugi, west of Tokyo, Japan.

History

Mitsuru ShinagawaYuichi Kado Hideki Sakamoto Toshiaki Asahi Katsuyuki Ochiai

After successful invention of RedTacton technology another companies were involved in this Human Area Network. Like Alps Electric Co. Ltd., Japan.Alps Electric Co. Ltd., Japan invented their technology name as “Electric Field Communication Module” in Oct 2007.

Based on the RedTacton technology NEL(NTT Electronics Ltd.), Japan developed "Firmo" an authentication system for entry/exit management & for security purposes in Apr 2008.

History

We all know that Human Body is best conductor of electricity.Using this principle we can implement Human Area Network(HAN) which is the part of Body Area Network(BAN).RedTacton technology is fulfill all the concept of Human Area Network.RedTacton is a Ubiquitous Computing.Name RedTacton represents as,

Introduction To RedTacton

Red Warmth

T Touch

Acton Action

Ubiquitous Computing (ubicomp) is a post-desktop model of human-computer interaction in which information processing has been thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities.More formally, ubiquitous computing is defined as "machines that fit the human environment instead of forcing humans to enter theirs.“Ubiquitous technology is often wireless, mobile, and networked, making its users more connected to the world around them and the people in it.

Ubiquitous Computing

Ubiquitous Computing

This figure illustrates the communication pathway between two RedTacton devices.

Introduction To RedTacton

There are major two basic principles is used in HAN devices :-

Principles Used

Electro-Optic Effect

Ampere’s Circuital Law

When the light is passed through this Electro Optic crystal then the polarized lights(Polarization) is received at the other end.As the Electric field(E) changes there is a change in the Refractive index(ɸ) of the Electro Optic crystal which is reflect as the fluctuations in the amount of light received at the other end.

Electro Optic Effect

Electro Optic Effect

As shown in below fig. we can see practical implementation of Electro-Optic Effect.

Polarization

“When there is change in the electric field then a displacement current is induced.”

This law is implemented in like a HAN device as when there is a change in electric field made by transmitter, it induced a flow of electron (Displacement Current) onto the body.

Ampere’s Circuital Law

Types of electric field impacting in HAN devices.

Ampere’s Circuital Law

Quasi-static electric field

Induced electric field

Emitted electric field

E

E

Er

Working

Working

Working

Working

Working

Construction Of Transceiver

Block diagram of construction of Transceiver(“Transmitter + Receiver”):-

Construction Of Transceiver

Mechanism of Transceiver:-

Embedded ReceiverTransmission rate:- 230 kbps Protocol:- Proprietary protocolTransmission method:- UnidirectionalExternal device interface:- 10/100Base-T, RS232C

Prototypes

Security Devices:-

Portable Card-Size TransmitterTransmission rate:- 230 kbps Protocol:- Proprietary protocolTransmission method:- Unidirectional

Prototypes

Data Transmission Devices:-

PC-Card TypeTransmission rate:- 10 Mbps Protocol:- TCP/IPTransmission method:- Half-duplexTerminal interface:- PCMCIA(Personal Computer Memory Card International Association)

Hub TypeTransmission rate:- 10 Mbps Protocol:- TCP/IPTransmission method:- Half-duplexTerminal interface:- 10BASE-T

USB TransceiverTransmission rate not yet determined (in testing stage)

Features

•Communication with just a touch or a step!Touch

•Bandwidth doesn’t deteriorate even with duplex operation & simultaneous access by many users!

Broadband & Interactive

•Works with many transmission media common in human life!Any Media

Touch

Broadband & Interactive

• Communication speed can deteriorate in crowded spaces due to a lack of bandwidth (Wireless LAN).

• Device drivers can be downloaded instantly and executable programs can be quickly sent (RedTacton).

Any MediaThere are 3 Types of Medium which is generally used :-

Conductors

Dielectrics

Conductors & Dielectrics

Conductors• Signals travel along surface.

Dielectrics• Signals pass through materials.

Conductors + Dielectrics

Application

One-to-One Services

Intuitive Operation Of Personal Information Devices

Personalization

Security

One-to-One Services

Marketing Applications Touch advertising and receive

information.

Elimination Of Human Error An Alarm sounds automatically to avoid

accidental medicine ingestion.

Intuitive Operation Of Personal Information Devices

Touch A Printer To Print Print out where you want just by

touching the desired printer with one hand and a PC or digital camera with the other hand to make the link.

Instant Private Data Exchange By shaking hands, personal profile data can

be exchanged between mobile terminals on the users.

Personalization

Automobile Applications Wireless Handset

Conference System

Security

User Verification And Unlocking With Just A Touch

Automatic Access Log

Communication by just a Simple Touch thus eliminating use wires.It provides High Speed and Accuracy.Transceiver electrodes are covered with an insulating film, so there is No Way current can flow into Users Body.Very secure Data Transmission i.e., there is no problem of Hacking since medium is our Individual Body.No need to insert smart cards, connect cables, tune frequencies, or any of the other inconveniences usually associated with today's electronic devices. Transmission speed does not deteriorate in congested areas where many people are communicating at the same time.

Advantages

Drawbacks

Very High Initial Cost.

High Sensitivity of Receiver is required.

Complexity in Design.

It can be useful within Few Centimeters only.

As a new technology HAN need to gain popularity among users to help pull the technology into the marketplace instead of having it pushed upon them.

Human Safety

We investigated the effects of HAN technology on human health, which is obviously an important issue.

1) The transmitting and receiving electrodes of the HAN transceiver are completely covered with insulating film, so the body of the person acting as the transmission medium is completely insulated.

2) HAN confirms to the “Radio Frequency-Exposure Protection Standard (RCR STD-38)” issued by the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB). The levels produced by HAN are well below the safety limit specified by this standard.

Imagine walking up to your house, reaching for a doorknob which automatically unlocks the door, and walking right in. No more fumbling around for keys. That's a future we had like to live in.

Personalization of gadgets: Just a touch to any of gadget would load your personal settings or your profile into the gadget.

Scope Of Research

Many areas can benefit from this technology. Human society is entering an era of ubiquitous computing, where everything is networked. HAN is gearing up to compete with Bluetooth, Zigbee, IrDA (infrared data association), UWB (ultra wide band).

So we can clearly say that, this technology will spawn revolutionary changes in the modern communications and become a pivot technology. When we compare HAN with other technologies, HAN will give a better performance over other. If HAN is introduced into cyber market it brings a marvelous & tremendous change and will be adopted by many more people.

So, in few years from now everything is going to fall under this super technology.

Conclusion

References

• T.G.Zimmerman, “Personal Area Networks: Near-field intrabody communication,” IBM systems journal, Vol. 35, Nos. 3&4, pp.609-617, 1996.

• T.Nagatsuma and M.Shinagawa, “Photonic measurement technologies for high frequency electronics,” NTT REVIEW, Vol.14, No.6.pp. 12-24, 2002.

• M.Shinagawa, “Development of Electro-optic sensors for Intra-body Communication,” NTT Technical Review, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 6-11, 2004.

• M.Shinagawa, M. Fukumoto, K. Ochiai, and H. Kyuragi, “A near-field-sensing transceiver for intra-body communication based on the electro-optic effect,” IEEE Trans.IM, Vol.53,No.6, pp. 1533-1538,2004.

• wikipedia.(February 2009). Red Tacton [Online].Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RedTacton • NTT (February 2005). "RedTacton: An innovative Human Area Networking technology".

[Online].Available: http://www.ntt.co.jp/news/news05e/0502/050218.html• Gurpreet Singh, Jaswinder Singh.”Red Tacton”,IJCST Vol.2,Nos 3,2011.• “Red Tacton: An Innovative Human Area Networking Technology” J. Arun Prakash.• www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/viewmedia.cfm?uri=oe-20-12-13488&seq=0&html=true