Post on 21-Jan-2016
description
HTS Wires for Energy and Magnet Technologies
Superconductivity and the electricity supply industries
November 27th, 2003
2
TRITHOR HTS WIRE FACILITY IN RHEINBACH
Production Area 3300 m²
Annual capacity 300 km
Scalable capacity up to 20,000 km
Team 25 employees
Production start 2002
3
Production Process of HTS Wire
• HTS Wire: Silver Alloy sheath – ceramic filaments made of Bi Pb Sr Ca Cu O
4
TRITHOR OBJECTIVE AND PRODUCTS
OBJECTIVE
Industrial scale fabrication of HTS wires and components for future commercial applications
in energy and magnet technologies
PRODUCTS
Ag-Bi-2223 tapes for energy applications
AgAu-Bi-2223 tapes for current leads
Twisted conductors for AC applications
Coils for motors and magnets
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WHICH WIRE FOR WHICH APPLICATION
Application TT standard wire TT ac wire TT gold
Motor/generator X
Cable X X
Transformer / SMES X
Magnets / NMR / MRI X
Current leads X
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CRITICAL CURRENTS
Je: 74,1 1,4
n: 20,5 0,9
0
25
50
75
0 150 300 450
length [m]
eng
ineer
ing c
ritic
al c
urr
ent den
sity
Je a
t
77K
, 0T
[A
/mm
2]
0
10
20
30
n-v
alu
e
Je
n
BL025-2b
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GEOMETRY CONTROL
Width: 3.15 0,03
Thickness: 0,221 0,006
0
1
2
3
4
0 150 300 450
length [m]
wid
th [m
m]
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
thic
knes
s [m
m]
w idth
thickness
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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HTS WIRES at 300K
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
bending diameter [mm]
norm
alis
ed c
urre
nt I
c / I
c0
BL026-2b
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
0 25 50 75 100 125 150
axial tensile stress [MPa]
norm
alis
ed c
urre
nt Ic
/ Ic
0BL026-2b
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DEPENDENCE ON MAGNETIC FIELD - parallel
parallel f ield
0
1
2
3
4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
f ield [T]
Ic (
T, B
) / I
c (7
7K, 0
T)
par-20K
par-45K
par-77K
M easurement at Twente University, 2003
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DEPENDENCE ON MAGNETIC FIELD – perpendicular
perpendicular f ield
0
1
2
3
4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
f ield [T]
Ic (
T, B
) / I
c (7
7K, 0
T)
perp-20K
perp-45K
perp-77K
M easurement at Twente University, 2003
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INDUSTRIALLY RELEVANT MATERIALS Horizons
Materials as wiresIndustrially available
4.2K / 0T 20-30K 65-80K 4.2K / 0T 20-30K 65-80KMgB2 >2006 45 €/kAm 90 €/kAm - 1 €/kAm 10 €/kAm -YBCO >2007 250 €/kAm 500 €/kAm 1.000 €/kAm 4 €/kAm 8 €/kAm 15 €/kAmBi2223 2002 (1998) 50 €/kAm 100 €/kAm 200 €/kAm 5 €/kAm 12 €/kAm 25 €/kAm
Today: Cost € per kAm at 2010: Cost € per kAm at
Materials as wiresIndustrially available
Motor / Generator Cable Magnet MRI FCL Transformer
MgB2 >2007 <20K 20K <=20K 20K ? 25KYBCO >2008/9 65-77K 77K <=77K 65K 77K >65KBi2223 1998 25-40K 77K <=40K <=20K 65-77K 65K
Operating temperature for
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COOLING COST
Investment cost for Cryocooling
0 €/W
200 €/W
400 €/W
600 €/W
800 €/W
1.000 €/W
1.200 €/W
0 K 20 K 40 K 60 K 80 K 100 K
Te m perature
Inve
st
Invest today
Invest 2010
Penalty Factor for Cryocooling
-
50
100
150
200
250
0 K 20 K 40 K 60 K 80 K 100 K
Te m pe rature
Fac
tor
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AC – APPLICTIONS
• Superconductors have losses due to
• Hysteresis
• Coupling currents
• Losses are dependent on (in magnetic fields above 50mT)
• External magnetic field (~ B²)
• Current (~ I²)
• Frequency (~ f)
• The Superconductor becomes a conductor with very low resistance
• Factors are
• Field B
• Operating Current I
• Frequency f
• Combination of losses, operating temperature, overall efficiency and external factors (e.g. size requirement) determine economic feasibility
14
APPLICATIONS – Generator Advantages
• No-loss excitation
• Doubling of the magnetic field
• Increased utilization of the winding
• High degree of efficiency, low weight, compact construction
Diameter [m] Weight [t] Losses [%]
Source: Siemens AG
1.0
0.6
Comparison of conventional and HTS-excited
1500 kW electric generators
7.5
2.5
5.0
4.0
1.5
Asynchronous generator
Synchronous generator conventional
HTS generator
Copper HTS
Comparison 36.5 MW
Copper HTS
Comparison 36.5 MW
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APPLICATIONS – Generator Comparison of Weight
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 20 40 60 80 100
Power [M W]
QE2
Grandeur
Crystal
HTS
Conventional
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APPLICATIONS – Generator Efficiency
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
rel. motor pow er [%]
mot
or e
ffici
ency
[%
]
Induction 19 MW
Conv Sync 21 MW
HTS 25 MW
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APPLICATIONS – Transformer Traction HTS transformers
• Reduced weight & space
• Reduced losses, CO-2 savings, no oil cooling
• Higher efficiency, lower weight, compact construction, lower life cycle costs
Comparison of conventional and HTS 1.3 MVA traction transformer
690
4.8
92
Volume [l] Weight [t] Total Losses [kW]
3602.2
7.8
Conventional transformer
HTS transformerSource: Siemens AG
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APPLICATIONS – Cable Losses in a 5000m Cable System
Verlustaufteilung der Kabelsysteme
0 MW h/Jahr
1.000 MW h/Jahr
2.000 MW h/Jahr
3.000 MW h/Jahr
4.000 MW h/Jahr
5.000 MW h/Jahr
6.000 MW h/Jahr
7.000 MW h/Jahr
8.000 MW h/Jahr
9.000 MW h/Jahr
10.000 MW h/Jahr
Cu400 Cu400-par Cu110 Cu110-par HTS110 HTS110-par
Transformator
Kryostat
Hysterese
Stromzuführung
Dielektrisch
I2R
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APPLICATIONS – Cable Investing and running costs
Vergleich der Kostenanteile
- €
10.000.000 €
20.000.000 €
30.000.000 €
40.000.000 €
50.000.000 €
60.000.000 €
Cu110 Cu110-par Cu400 Cu400-par HTS110 HTS110-par
Betriebskosten (nurkap. Verluste)
Invest Verlegung,Tiefbau
Invest Trafo
Invest Kabel
20
APPLICATIONS – Cable Worldwide HTS Cables
1000 m HTS cable
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www.trithor.com
TRITHOR GmbH
Heisenbergstr. 16
53359 Rheinbach
Germany