Renewable energy

� hydro 5 TW=5x1012 W

� geotherm. – up to 20 TW

� wind – 50 TW (27 % area of Earth)

� biomass 20 TW (31% area of Earth)

� sun 600 TW Natan Lewis, Caltech

generation of 20 TW at 10 % eff. requires 8.8 % area of USA

Just 0.7% of Europe's total land covered with photovoltaic modules would provide

100% of the continent's electricity needs!

2010: 15 TW

2050: 28 TW

Present and expected energy demand

1

energy coming from the sun per year

uranium

total reserves:

oil

Energetical resources:fossil and nuclear fuels compared to the energy from the Sun

uraniumoil

gas

coal

world consumption/year

2

Electricity from renewable resources

3

European installed capacity (MW)

4

Global installed PV capacity (MW)

5

6

„the more the cheaper”

7

Average annual wholesale costs

8

cost projections for constant

growth rates indicated in the legend

9

10

11

12

13

EPBT

Źródło: Fraunhofer ISE14

Production costs -CIGS

CIGS module – calculations for increasing indium prices

15

CIGS module – calculations for increasing indium prices

Efficiency counts!!!

16

Reality

17