HP World 2005 Securing your

Unix environment

with HP Secure Shell

Steven E Protter

Senior Systems Administrator

I.S.N. Corporation

Secure Shell Presentation Outline 1

• Presenter information– Qualifications and experience.– Warning !!– How he got here.

• What is HP Secure Shell– Advantages– Challenges– Components

Secure Shell Presentation Outline 2

• Where do I get HP Secure Shell• How do I install HP Secure Shell• Why should I use HP Secure Shell

Secure Shell Presentation Outline 3

• Step by step for installation and exchange of public keys.– Downloading the software.– Installation.– Exchanging public keys.

• Questions and (hopefully) answers

Getting Started

Qualifications and Experience 1

10 years of systems administration work on HP-UX 10.20, 11 and 11i v1

• Actual Experience with a disaster involving major loss of data.

• Five years of experience as a Linux administrator

• HP-UX CSA (Can pass a multiple choice examination)

• Two major Unix OS/Hardware conversions.

Qualifications and Experience 2

• 14 ½ Years @ the Jewish United Fund

• Experience as a programmer.

• Systems Analyst• Software AG and

Oracle DBA

• HP-UX Administrator

• Married 10 years to a Russian American

• Recently moved to Israel

Warning! Try this at your shop!

• I do not have complete knowledge on topic– Nobody can, its two complex.– Have made this work in a mixed HP-UX/Linux

environment.

• Can only understand Russian accented English.

• This is something you want to try at home.

How Steve Protter Got here

• Found a call for presentations at http://forums.itrc.hp.com– Sent in two suggestions– Both were accepted

• Flew from Tel Aviv to Newark, NJ• Drove from Connecticut to San

Francisco– Made several consulting stops in route

What is HP Secure Shell?

• Hewlett-Packard’s port of openssh• Open source product• More information @

http://www.openssh.org

More Information

Advantages of HP Secure Shell?

• Hewlett-Packard’s Port of openssh– Some bugs were fixed prior to HP release.– Released in depot format– Port insures smooth operation with HP-UX– Replaces insecure products such as rsh

and remesh– Session and passwords are encrypted

Challenges of HP Secure Shell?

• Sometimes you have to wait for it.• The environment is slightly different

than what it replaces.• You can not completely remove the old

protocols and still do Ignite Imaging.• To be announced.

Secure Shell Components 1

• ssh: Secure Shell– Replaces rsh, rexec, remesh, telnet

• sftp: Secure file transfer protocol – Common command set with ftp– Knows the difference between binary and

ascii files– No mput– Scriptable

Secure Shell Components 2

• scp: Secure copy– Replaces rcp– Can copy large file systems– Makes my life easier

How to get HP Secure Shell

• Core OS: It is/may be an install option• Application CD: Released every 6

months• http://www.hp.com/go/software

http://www.hp.com/go/software

http://www.hp.com/go/software

How to get HP Secure Shell

How to get HP Secure Shell

How to get HP Secure Shell

How to get HP Secure Shell

How to get HP Secure Shell

• Use sftp to copy it to HP-9000 server or use a web browser on the box for download.

• Wed Jun 1 16:37:46 2005:/home/secsh• [8460#] ll• total 16420• -rw-r--r-- 1 root sys 8407040 Jun 1

23:48 T1471AA_A.04.00.000_HP-UX_B.11.11_32+64.depot

Before you install

• Read the installation instructions– Not because you don’t know how to

swinstall.– Because there may be patch

recommendations and other helpful information.

Patches

• 11i version 1 patches– Pam patch: PHCO_30402 – OS patch: PHCO_26466

swlist –l product | grep PHCO_30402

swlist –l product | grep PHCO_26466• Why? It may still install but give trouble later.

How to install HP Secure Shell

swinstall -s /home/secsh/T1471AA_A.04.00.000_HP-UX_B.11.11_32+64.depot \*

“The command line is the Systems Administrators

best friend.”

Steven E ProtterSenior Systems Administrator

ISN Corporation

“Because someday it may beall you have.”

Steven E ProtterSenior Systems Administrator

ISN Corporation

Situations with no GUI tools:

• Single User Mode (hpux –is)• LM mode (hpux –lm)

Public Key Exchange

• Advantages:– Ease of administration– More secure than typing passwords– You don’t have to remember passwords– Works over multiple operating systems

Public Key Exchange

• Challenges:– You may someday boot the wrong system– If a root password is compromised on one

system root access is granted on all systems with public key exchange.

Public Key Exchange

• Tricks (ways to stay out of trouble):– Change the prompt to include system

name– Set terminal color in the environment

profile

Public Key Exchange: Change prompt

• PS1=

[8476#] echo ${PS1}

Wed Jun 1 16:37:46 2005:$PWD [!#]

In /etc/profile

ENV=/.kshrc

Public Key Exchange: Change prompt

vi /.kshrc

PS1=`date -u +%c `:`echo $LOGNAME@``hostname`‘ $PWD

[!#] '

Public Key Exchange: Change prompt

• A prompt that lets you know where you are

Thu Jun 2 13:50:10 2005:root@eilat /root/

[1158#]

Public Key Exchange: Generate keys

ssh-keygen -t dsa.

Press <ENTER> for the next 3 questions

This creates a directory called .ssh

cd .ssh

Public Key Exchange

ls –la

-rw------- 1 root sys 668 Jun 2 09:03 id_dsa

-rw-r----- 1 root sys 600 Jun 2 09:03 id_dsa.pub

cat id_dsa.pub (just taking a look)

Public Key Exchange: Home directory permissions

[1168#] env | grep HOME

HOME=/root/

Thu Jun 2 13:50:10 2005:root@eilat /root/.ssh

[1169#] chmod 755 $HOME

Thu Jun 2 13:50:10 2005:root@eilat /root/.ssh

Public Key Exchange: Host setup

ssh hpwebThe authenticity of host 'hpweb (192.168.0.70)' can't be

established.

RSA key fingerprint is 97:1d:cb:bf:b3:54:9f:54:12:8f:2f:3a:aa:b9:10:7c.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?

yes <enter>

Warning: Permanently added 'hpweb,192.168.0.70' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.

Password:

Public Key Exchange: Host setup

cd .ssh

scp –p eilat:/$PWD/id_dsa.pub authorized_keys

<Generate a public key on second host>

cat id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys

chmod 644 authorized_keys <optional depending on umask>

scp –p authorized_keys eilat:/$PWD

Public Key Exchange: Host setup

ls –la before and after-rw-r----- 1 root sys 600 Jun 2 09:03 authorized_keys-rw-r----- 1 root sys 2020 Nov 21 2004 id.dat-rw------- 1 root sys 668 Apr 26 04:56 id_dsa-rw-r--r-- 1 root sys 600 Apr 26 04:56 id_dsa.pub-rw-r--r-- 1 root sys 3339 May 8 00:34 known_hosts-rw------- 1 root sys 1024 Feb 13 2004 prng_seed[8494#] cat id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keysThu Jun 2 14:20:20 2005:/root/.ssh-rw-r----- 1 root sys 1200 Jun 2 09:21 authorized_keys-rw-r----- 1 root sys 2020 Nov 21 2004 id.dat-rw------- 1 root sys 668 Apr 26 04:56 id_dsa-rw-r--r-- 1 root sys 600 Apr 26 04:56 id_dsa.pub-rw-r--r-- 1 root sys 3339 May 8 00:34 known_hosts-rw------- 1 root sys 1024 Feb 13 2004 prng_seed

Public Key Exchange: Host setup

scp –p authorized_keys eilat:/$PWD

You will be prompted for a password.

Try it again, you should not be prompted for a password.

DONE!

Public Key Exchange: Summary

• Permissions are crucial. – If prompted for a password when you think

you should not be prompted, go back and check permissions

Questions & (Hopefully)Answers

More Information

• http://forums.itrc.hp.com• http://docs.hp.com• http://itrc.hp.com• http://www.hp.com/go/software