How to detect IR?

Infrared

thermograms

Visible

photographs The passive approach is

used when the object of

interest has enough thermal

contrast with respect to the

background in order to be

detected with an infrared

sensor, e.g. a thermal IR

camera.

Examples of IR equipment at the

MIVIM laboratory, Laval University

❖ Discovered in 1930 Muons are Elementary particles coming naturally from the atmosphere

❖ Approximately 10,000 muons per minute strike each square meter

❖ About 2∼3 MILLIONS muons pass through our body each day.

Muography Basics

About 2∼3 MILLION muonspass through your body each day.

Muon radiography’s basis is just like X-ray

Silver Photographic Films

Nagoya University

Plastic Scintillator

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)

Gaz Detector

Commissariat à l’EnergieAtomique et aux Energies

Alternatives (CEA)

3D Reconstruction

29/09/2016| 11

SETUP

Facing the rafters on the North face : 2 hotter areas detected. Distance 5 meters. 10:00 am

50 100 150 200 250 300

50

100

150

200

291.2

291.4

291.6

291.8

292

292.2

292.4

IR, 04/11/2015, 05:52 am (before sunrise), cooled camera, photo lens, 175 m from the North Pyramid face (rain colormap)

Season : mid autumn (2015)

An unusual asymmetry was observed on right side of the upper rafters , which should normally be at the same temperature as the rest of this part of the pyramid, given that this area is never directly exposed to the sun.

Nevertheless, a higher temperature was systematically measured at the top right corner at every time of the day that was verified (early morning, day and night).

Thermal anomaly on Khufu’s Pyramid November 2015

Chevron top

Chevron bottom

V-bloc

Pyramid

20 40 60 80 100 120

20

40

60

80

100

120

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

6PM 9PM 12AM 3AM 6AM 9AM 12PM 3PM

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

Time (hours)

Te

mp

era

ture

(oC

)

Chevron top

Chevron bottom

V-bloc

Pyramide

Where are we looking at?

It’s impossible to setup emulsions films in the subterranean chamber because at such depth, as the number of observed / collected Muons is very low thanks to the massive volume of stones above.

3D Reconstruction with photogrammetry of the eroded area for Muons Simulation

The area has been 3D reconstructed to be integrated in the simulations

We observe a significant extra red area.There is an unknown void!

Simulation Results

SP-NFC

ScanPyramids North Face Corridor 2017detection

KEK Position 2

East

North

West

South

Nagoya NA Position Nagoya QA Position

East

North

West

South

East

North

West

South

East

What we should observe on the muographiesfrom the Queen Chamber (simulations)

King’s Chamber

Grand Gallery

KEK Position 2

East

North

West

South

Nagoya NA Position Nagoya QA Position

East

North

West

South

East

North

West

South

East

What we have obtainedfrom the Queen Chamber (results)

KEK Position 2

East

North

West

South

Nagoya NA Position Nagoya QA Position

East

North

West

South

East

North

West

South

East

What we have obtainedfrom the Queen Chamber (results)

3 muography teams, 3 techniques, 99.9999% confidence level

The different muons excesses observed by 3 teams working independantly of each otherdetect unambiguously the existence of ScanPyramids Big Void (SP-BV)

SP-BV

SP-NFC

Grand Gallery