Transcript of How do elementary school children develop?. Middle childhood: age 6 to 11.
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- How do elementary school children develop?
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- Middle childhood: age 6 to 11
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- What is the healthiest period of life? Ages 6 - 11 Fatal
diseases occur before age 6 or after age 11 Slow steady growth
Stronger muscles Childhood health habits (e.g. oral health and
exercise) can reduce stroke or heart attack in adulthood Main
determinants of a healthy lifestyle is when parents, teachers, and
peers have a healthy lifestyle
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- What are major health problems in childhood? Obesity
Asthma
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- What is childhood obesity? BMI = Body Mass Index Weight to
height Weight (in Kilograms) divided by the square of height (in
meters). Overweight = BMI above 85 th. Percentile Obesity = BMI
above 95 th. Percentile Increases asthma, high blood pressure,
increased cholesterol (particularly LDL)
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- BMI for Adults
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- What factors affect obesity? Heredity (Over 200 genes affect
weight) Parenting Not breast fed Family eating habits T.V. - food
commercials Sodas No exercise Social influences Friends Snacks
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- Do you remember? What is the healthiest period of life? What
are the main health problems for children ages 6 11? What are the
two main factors affecting obesity? What parenting influences
affect obesity?
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- What is asthma? Inflammation of the airways Wheezing, shortness
of breath, coughing
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- What causes asthma? Genes + environment Air pollution, pet
dander, cigarette smoke, dust mites, mold, etc.
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- How can you prevent asthma? Primary = Changes in the entire
society Better ventilation, less pollution Secondary = Preventing
attacks among high-risk children Exercise, less dust and smoke in
the home Tertiary = Reducing the effects of current asthma
Injections, inhalers, hypoallergenic materials (e.g. mattress
covers), and filters (e.g. HEPA filters)
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- Do you remember? What causes asthma? What are examples of the
primary, secondary, and tertiary methods of treating asthma?
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- Brain development Reaction time Faster reaction time from
increased myelination E.g. Think fast when being thrown a ball
Selective attention Focus on important items & ignore others
E.g. Store P.A. system Automatization Easily performing routine
actions without much conscious thought E.g. Driving to school
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- How do we measure the mind? Aptitude tests Measures your
potential for learning SAT test IQ Tests Original measurement of IQ
(Intelligence Quotient) = Mental age divided by chronological age)
X 100 Currently, test norms are used to determine the IQ
Achievement tests Measures your knowledge (how much you have
learned) Math test
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- Are there multiple intelligences? Robert Sternberg Academic: IQ
and achievement tests Creative Practical (street smarts problem
solving) Savant syndrome
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- Do you remember? What is reaction time, selective attention,
and automatization? What is the difference between aptitude tests
and achievement tests? What are Sternbergs three types of
intelligences?
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- What special needs do children have? ADHD =
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Inattentive, impulsive,
difficulty concentrating Stimulants (e.g. Amphetamines like Ritalin
or Strattera) have a reverse (calming) effect Bipolar disorder
Extreme mood swings Learning disability Delay in a particular area
e.g. reading Not related to mental retardation No apparent physical
disability
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- Children with special needs (Cont.) Dyslexia Difficulty with
reading One possible symptom - often reverses letters E.g. Unite =
untie Thought to be result of speech & hearing
difficulties
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- Children with special needs (Cont.) Autism spectrum disorder
Caused by genetic vulnerability & other factors Symptoms
Extreme attention to details Inability to relate to other people
(Poor social skills) Extreme self-absorption Impaired communication
Delayed language, Poor social response, unusual repetitive
play
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- What laws are designed for children with special needs?
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- PL94-142: Education of All Handicapped Children Act, 1975
Required an Individual Education Plan (IEP) for each child with
special needs Educational goals, plans for achieving them, &
periodic assessment
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- PL 105-17: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA),
1990 (Revised in later editions) Emphasizes parents rights in
placement and IEP Special needs children must be placed in the
least restrictive environment (LRE). LRE = The most general
education situation where they can be expected to learn
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- Do you remember? What is ADHD? What is the effect of stimulants
on an ADHD child? What are some symptoms of autism spectrum
disorder? What is an IEP for a special needs child?
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