Post on 18-Dec-2021
HOTEL RESERVATION SYSTEM USING VIRTUAL
REALITY
WAN NORTASHA ATIRAH BINTI WAN MOHD RODZI
Bachelor of Information Technology (Interactive Media)
Faculty of Informatics and Computing
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
2019
i
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this report is based on my original work except for quotations and
citations, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been
previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Sultan Zainal
Abidin or other institutions.
Name : Wan Nortasha Atirah Binti Wan Mohd Rodzi
Date : ……………………………………………….
ii
CONFIRMATION
This is to confirm that:
The research conducted and the writing of this report was under my supervision.
Name : Mr. Mohd Kamir Bin Yusof
Date : ……………………………..
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful Alhamdulillah,
all praises to Allah for the strengths and His blessing in completing this thesis.
Special appreciation goes to my supervisor, Mr. Mohd Kamir bin Yusof, for his
supervision and constant support. His invaluable help of constructive comments and
suggestions throughout this project have contributed to the success of this research.
Sincere thanks to all my friends for their kindness and moral support during my
study. Thanks for giving me guidance and tips for this project. Thank you so much
for the friendship and memories.
Last but not least, my deepest gratitude goes to my beloved parents; Mr. Wan
Mohd Rodzi bin Wan Rawi and Mrs. Rohani binti Mohamad and also my siblings
for their endless love, prayers, constant money flow and encouragement. To those
who indirectly contributed in this research, your kindness means a lot to me. Thank
you very much.
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ABSTRACT
Hotel Reservation System using Virtual Reality 360o view is a system that focus
on reserving a room hotel via a website and it includes a 360o view in each room that
the user choose. Currently, most of website just show certain part of the room and it
does not satisfy them. It may be difficult for the user to choose the hotel that they want
based on their interest plus it takes time to choose the product exactly with their need.
In this project, hotel reservation system has been developed based on 360o view. Maya
application has been used to design a picture in 360o view. Pictures in 360o view
provides a more interactive view to users. Users can view every pictures in hotel such
as room, facilities, etc. in 360o view. This system has been developed using hypertext
pre-processor (PHP) method and MySQL. Through this system, users can view, search
and book any available room. This is hopefully can fulfil user needs especially to view
pictures or images more interactive.
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ABSTRAK
Sistem Tempahan Hotel menggunakan pandangan Virtual Reality 360o adalah sistem
yang memberi tumpuan kepada menempah sebuah hotel bilik melalui laman web dan
ia termasuk pandangan 360o di setiap bilik yang pengguna pilih. Masalah yang dihadapi
oleh pengguna hari ini adalah laman web yang mereka gunakan hanya menunjukkan
bahagian tertentu bilik dan tidak memuaskan mereka. Lebih daripada itu, sesetengah
laman web kadang-kadang tidak memberikan gambaran hotel bilik sama sekali. Ia
mungkin sukar bagi pengguna untuk memilih hotel yang mereka mahu berdasarkan
minat mereka dan memerlukan masa untuk memilih produk dengan tepat dengan
keperluan mereka. Objektif utama laman web ini dibuat untuk membangunkan sistem
tempahan hotel dengan cara interaktif dengan memasukkan pandangan 360o. Sistem ini
akan menggunakan kaedah pra-pemproses hiperteks (PHP) dan mySQL untuk
pembangunan web. Mudah-mudahan, sistem ini akan berjaya dibangunkan dan dapat
memuaskan semua keperluan pengguna di masa depan
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CONTENTS
PAGE
DECLARATION i
CONFIRMATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
ABSTRAK v
CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES xii
LIST OF FIGURES xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvi
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Objective 2
1.4 Scope 3
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1.5 Limitation of Work 4
1.6 Report Structure 4
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Hotel Reservation System 6
2.2.1 Reservation systems for Shangri La 7
Hotel Singapore
2.2.2 Reservation systems for Hotel Swiss-Garden 8
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2.2.3 Reservation systems for Marco Polo 9
Guesthouse
2.2.4 Reservation systems for The Microtel 10
Inn & Suites by Wyndham Manila
2.3 Comparison of the Hotel Reservation System 11
2.4 Virtual Reality Technology 12
2.4.1 Virtual Reality in Training and education 13
2.4.2 Virtual Reality in Telepresence 14
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2.4.3 Virtual Reality in Cooperative working 14
2.4.4 Virtual reality in Entertainment 15
2.5 Chapter summary 16
CHAPTER III PROJECT METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction 17
3.2 Research Methodology 18
3.3 Problem definition 19
3.4 Data collection 19
3.4.1 Observation 20
3.5 System Development Methodology 21
3.5.1 Initial Planning Phase 22
3.5.2 Planning Phase 22
3.5.3 Requirement Phase 22
3.5.4 Analysis and Design Phase 23
3.5.5 Implementation Phase 23
3.5.6 Testing Phase 23
3.5.7 Evaluation Phase 24
3.5.8 Deployment Phase 24
ix
3.6 System requirement 24
3.6.1 Software Requirement 25
3.6.2 Hardware Requirement 26
3.7 Summary 26
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CHAPTER IV SYSTEM DESIGN AND MODELLING
4.1 Introduction 27
4.2 Context Diagram 28
4.3 Entity Relationship Diagram 29
4.4 Data Flow Diagram 31
4.5 Detailed Data Flow Diagram 32
4.5.1 DFD level 1 for process 4.0 Room 32
4.5.2 DFD level 1 for process 5.0 RoomType 33
4.5.3 DFD level 1 for process 6.0 Reservation 34
4.5.4 DFD level 1 for process 7.0 Payment 35
4.5.5 DFD level 1 for process 8.0 Generate Report 36
4.6 Database Design 37
4.7 Chapter Summary 41
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION
5.1 Introduction 42
5.2 Interface Design 43
5.3 Testing Approach 62
5.4 System Functionalities 62
5.4.1 Login Page 63
5.4.2 Customer Page 68
5.4.2.1 Customer Reservation 68
5.5 Summary 71
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION
6.1 Conclusion 72
6.2 Discussion 72
6.3 Future Work 73
6.4 Conclusion 73
xii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE
1.1 Table of Activities and Milestone 4
2.1 Comparative among four (4) existing system 11
3.1 Table of Software Requirement 24
3.2 Table of Hardware Requirement 24
5.1 Test Case: Login Page 63
5.2 Test Case Failed: Login Page 64
5.3 Test Case: Add New Room Type 64
5.4 Test Case Failed: Add New Room Type 65
5.5 Test Case: Add New Available Room 66
5.6 Test Case Failed: Add New Available Room 67
5.7 Test Case: Customer Reservation 69
5.8 Test Case Failed: Customer Reservation 70
xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE
3.1 Types of Research 18
3.2 Iterative Development Model 20
4.1 CD of Hotel Reservation System 26
4.2 ERD of Hotel Reservation System (part 1) 27
4.3 ERD of Hotel Reservation System (part 2) 28
4.4 DFD of Hotel Reservation System 29
4.5 DFD level 1 for process 4.0 Room 32
4.6 DFD level 1 for process 5.0 Roomtype 33
4.7 DFD level 1 for process 6.0 Reservations 34
4.8 DFD level 1 for process 7.0 Payment 35
4.9 DFD level 1 for process 8.0 Generate report 36
4.10 List of Table in db_rhs 39
4.11 Table rhs_admin 40
4.12 Table rhs_account 40
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4.13 Table rhs_reservation 41
4.14 Table rhs_room 41
4.15 Table rhs_roomNumber 42
4.16 Table rhs_user 42
5.1 Login Page 43
5.2 Alert Message for Wrong User ID or Password 44
5.3 Administrator Homepage 45
5.4 Display Room Type Page 46
5.5 Add New Room Type Form Page 47
5.6 Alert Message for Add New Room Type 48
5.7 Display List Room Type 49
5.8 Add New Room Page 50
5.9 Reservation List Page 51
5.10 Search Reservation ID Page 52
5.11 Edit Reservation Page 53
5.12 Customer Homepage 54
5.13 Accommodation and Room Page 55
5.14 360o View of The Room Page 56
5.15 Control Button of The Picture 56
5.16 Facilities Page 57
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5.17 Check Availability Page 58
5.18 List of Available Room Page 59
5.19 Reservation Form Page 60
5.20 Reservation Summary Page 60
5.21 Contact Us Page 61
5.22 Reservation ID page 61
xvi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS / TERMS / SYMBOLS
VR Virtual Reality
CD Context Diagram
ERD Entity Relationship Diagram
DFD Data Flow Diagram
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Since the beginning, many technology have been created for all the people
around the world. Most of the lifetime need to use the technology like computer to do
daily task. From teenagers to adult, the computer is consider the must have item
nowadays. Of course, this helps people to ease their work like flight ticket booking,
finding location via GPS and etc. Among the function that everyone might use the
computer no matter whether it is laptop, PC or even smart phone, there is one function
that frequently being used. The function that everyone always use is online reservation
system. Online booking is such a blessing of technology especially for those, who wants
to save their time. Now you can just sit anywhere, anytime and just book any hotel that
you are interested with.
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Online Hotel Reservation with virtual reality is a platform where people can
book their desired room in a hotel. In this system, there will be a 360o view provided in
every angle of the hotel room. User can access the system and will be able to search
information, making reservation and payment easily.
1.2 Problem Statement
Based on my research, there are several problems that faced by the user in using
the current hotel reservation systems.
i. Many of current systems only shows certain part
ii. There were no new technology used in current systems which actually can
attract more users in the future.
1.3 Objective
The objective for developing this system is listed as below:-
i. To study the existing techniques based on the method used and able to
function without any problem.
ii. To design a system called hotel reservation system in viewing 360o picture
using PHP method and virtual reality technology.
iii. To develop the hotel reservation system with an interactive way by including
the 360o view.
3
1.4 Scope
The scope for this system is explained on the following given;-
i. Technology
- To develop this system, hypertext pre-processor (PHP) programming
language will be used in order to make the system works. More than that,
MySQL also make part as it will store all the information in the database
system. To make this systems complete, virtual reality technology will
be included for make it way more interactive.
ii. Module
- User will access the system and search for information about the room
that they want.
- User can also choose room and make reservation through the system
easily by providing their details.
- To make sure that the reservation is successful, user must make payment.
iii. User
- The user that will make part in this system is admin and guest.
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1.5 Limitation of Work
There are some limitations of work since the proposed system only covers some
certain aspects such as:-
- This system is specially designed for the use of a hotel only.
- The system cannot be generalized with other hotel because of the
different facilities provided and the difference nature of study
1.7 Report Structure
Chapter 1 describes about overview or project background, objectives, scope,
and limitations of works. Literature review or related works will be discussed in Chapter
2. Meanwhile, methodology of system application development will be described in
Chapter 3. For the next chapter, which is the chapter system design and modelling, the
flow of the system will represent in the form of figures such as context diagram, entity
relationship diagram, and data flow diagram. This figure helps to show the system as a
whole and the entities involve with the system. The database design and system
framework also will be shown here. In chapter 5, implementation and testing will
explain about testing the system to prove that the system can work properly. The error
can be fixed at this stage. The last chapter, discussion and conclusion, conclude the
whole system. In addition, suggestions for improvement of the system and constrains
through the development process are also described in this chapter.
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This chapter will discuss further about the research and retrieve of other similar system
that have been develop as a guidance and referral. To fulfil the requirement needed from
previous chapter, every system or research document that have similarity in objective
will be analyse and to be compared in order to find any weakness and overcome the
problem.
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2.2 Hotel Reservation System
As we all know, there are a lot of online hotel reservation systems that can be
use worldwide. The main reason why this online hotel reservation systems become
popular and being used by everyone in their everyday life is because it is easy to view
the hotel that they want, to know the price per night and there are pictures that provided
for every single room in the websites. Users go online to deal with the hotel that they
want. Going from one physical store to the next can be a tiring process. Jumping from
one hotel website to the next via the internet is easy and faster.
Hotel reservation system commonly known as a central reservation system
(CRS). It is a computerized system that stores and distributes information of a hotel,
resort or other lodging facilities. A CRS offers assistance to hoteliers to manage all of
their online marketing and sales where they can upload their rates and service
availabilities to be seen by sales channels. The list of main modules that are present in
a CRS are content, information stored on a CRS and reporting. Content consists of
reservations, profiles, groups and blocks, rate and inventory control, administration,
global distribution interface, and web-based interface.
Information commonly stored in a CRS consists of room types, rate plans
architecture, room rates and conditions ( guarantee, deposit, customized cancellation
rules, minimum length of stay, maximum length of stay, closed to arrival, arrival not
allowed, departure not allowed, etc) room inventories, generic hotel information (
address , phone number, fax number ), reservation information. The CRS reporting
module provides a number of standard reports. System reports may be generated
automatically and may be run daily, weekly, monthly, yearly. It includes expected
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arrivals, reservation, and property forecast, total booking activity, stay activity, monthly
booking activity, daily booking activity and property detail .
2.2.1 Reservation systems for Shangri La Hotel Singapore
Shangri-La Sentosa Resort In Singapore is one of the hotel chains for Shangri-
La Corporation. It is a corporation that provides hotel, resort and residences. Their
website consists of many useful functions and is purposed at providing the hotel’s
information as well as an online reservation system. Visitors can get the hotel
information such as hotel location, room rates, promotions, room description, photo
gallery and other hotel facilities from their website (Richard, Akwasi, & Emmanuel,
2014).
There are also the picture of the hotel’s room provided for each of the hotel that
user choose to see. For business person usage, the website provides a function, which
is called meeting planner to assist them to plan their meetings. The structure of this
website is well organized and easy to navigate through. Visistors may get a lot of
information from this website. The content of the website is normally up-to-date. There
are important things to apply in developing a system, as information is crucial for
potential guests. The system must make sure that potential guests get the correct
information, such as room rates and hotel location.
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2.2.2 Reservation systems for Hotel Swiss-Garden Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Swiss garden hotel is a well edified hotel located in Kuala Terengganu. Its
website consists of several functions and aims at providing customers accurate
information about the hotel as well as their online reservation system. Visitors can get
hotel information such as location of hotel, room rates, room description and hotel
facilities. The reservation process requires guests to fill their details on a reservation
form.
Reservation is guaranteed by giving credit card details or by cash deposit. Their
online system user friendly. Guests can browse through to get information easily. This
online systems also provide picture of each type of the room user choose. Instead of
using words to explain the room condition, it is more suitable for guests to see the
picture itself. In addition, they also provide their location and contact number to ease
their potential customers in case there will be problems or etc. The disadvantages of
their online system is that there is no telephone/mobile phone number to enable
customers reach them. They only provide the physical address (Richard, Akwasi, &
Emmanuel, 2014).
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2.2.3 Reservation systems for Marco Polo Guesthouse
The core functions of Marco Polo Guesthouse online reservation system are to
provide online room reservation, hotel information and tourist information. Visitors can
get the guesthouse information such as location, room rates, room description and other
facilities.
In addition, guest can get the tourist information of the place where Marco Polo
Guesthouse is located. This online system appears to have multi functions, in addition
to online reservation system. Visitors may get know more about the place they are going
to stay, and have make sure they had a select a right place to stay. The online system
had stated out the contact person’s number and email clearly. In case visitors have any
question, they can call or write to the contact person. Suggestions from guest are good
to help the hotel business growing. Anyway, the online system did not provide an instant
booking system. Guests will have to wait for cormfirmation within 24 hours after their
booking.
To enhance the current system, system is developed to enables guest have
availability to check and instant confirmation of the booking. The purpose of this feature
is to save valuable time and to cut cost, as it will eliminate email exchanges between
guests and reservations department. Valuable reservations staff time is saved because
reservation requests will no longer have to be processed. Although the online system
had included the picture for the bedroom, kitchen and dining room, visitors did not able
to view the whole room for every angle of the room (Loraine Villa, 2001) .
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2.2.4 Reservation systems for The Microtel Inn & Suites by Wyndham Manila
The Microtel Inn & Suites by Wyndham Manila is strategically situated near
SMX convention Center, SM Mall of Asia and Ninoy Aquino International Airport.
This hotel does not offer room only rate. Microtel by Wyndham stands out from other
properties because of the system wide design of its buildings and furnishings that stress
function, comfort, and convenience, while at the same time meeting international
quality standards. The online system did not provide an instant booking system. Guests
will have to wait for confirmation within 24 hours after their booking.
To enhance the current system, system is developed to enables guest have
availability checks and instant confirmation of the booking. The purpose of this feature
is to save valuable time and to cut cost, as it will eliminate email exchanges between
guests and reservation department. Valuable reservations staff time is saved because
reservation requests will no longer have to be processed (Loraine Villa, 2001).
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2.3 Comparison of the Hotel Reservation System
The comparative about four (4) different existing Hotel Reservation Systems
stated in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1: Comparative among four (4) existing system
Current System Author Advantages Disadvantages
Shangri-La Hotel
Singapore
Richard
Bemile,
Akwasi
Achampong
and Emmanuel
Danquah
- Consists of
many useful
information
- Only shows
certain part or the
hotel room
Swiss Garden Hotel
Kuala Lumpur
Richard
Bemile,
Akwasi
Achampong
and Emmanuel
Danquah
- User friendly
system
- Too much words
Marco Polo
Guesthouse
Loraine
Villanueva
- Multifunction
system
- No room picture
provided
- Did not provide
instant booking
The Microtel Inn &
Suites
Loraine
Villanueva
- Ease user to
find hotel
nearby
- Did not provide
instant booking
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2.4 Virtual Reality Technology
Virtual reality (VR) was proposed by Jaron Lanier, founder of VPL research
(1989). The actual names for VR is actually virtual environment (VE). VR simulates
the virtual world around us that makes user think of being in a real world (virtually
created). A true virtual environment must include two things which are immersion and
interactivity. Head Mounted Device (HMD), PCs and graphics software is used in
virtual reality to perform immersion and input devices such as joystick, datagloves and
different kind of sensors for user interaction.
Virtual Reality (VR) can be seen as an artificial environment which is created
using hardware and software presented to the user in such a way that they come to
believe that it’s a real environment. VR can be experienced through senses like sight,
sound and touch. Virtual Reality (VR) is stimulating the human senses in such a way
that a virtually created world is experienced as real world. In order to get a true
immersion of reality in virtual environment, it is necessary for the user to have influence
on this.
A technology inherited from VR which connects the virtual objects with real
world object is Augmented Reality (AR). Purpose of both technologies is the same but
they are different in terms of their use and expandability. VR is used to simulate the
computer images within a room area whereas AR connects the virtual world with the
real world by using some wearable devices like Google Glassl from Google Inc. and
Holo Lencel from Microsoft Inc. Augmented Reality is more complex than virtual
reality as it deals (interact) with real world objects. Virtual Reality has become more
popular in the last decade as whole world started using it in simulation of real object,
Virtual Training, Education, Business etc (Mishra, 2016).
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2.4.1 Virtual Reality in Training and education
The use of flight simulators has a long history and we can consider them as the
precursors of today’s VR. First such applications were reported in late 1950s and were
constantly improved in many research institutes mainly for the military purposes.
Nowadays, they are used by many civil companies as well because they offer lower
operating costs than the real aircraft flight training and they are much safer.
In other disciplines where training is necessary, simulations have also offered
big benefits. Therefore they were prosperously applied for determining the efficiency
of virtual reality training of astronauts by performing hazardous tasks in the space.
Another applications that allow training of medicine students in performing
endosurgery, operations of the eye and the leg were proposed in recent years. And
finally, a virtual baseball coach has a big potential to be used in training and in
entertainment as well. One can say that virtual reality established itself in many
disciplines of human activities, as a medium that allows easier perception of data or
natural phenomena appearance.
Therefore the education purposes seem to be the most natural ones. The
intuitive presentation of construction rules, visiting a virtual museum, virtual museum,
virtual painting studio or virtual music playing are just few examples of possible
applications. Lastly, thanks to the enhanced user interface with broader input and output
channels, VR allows people with disabilities to use computers (Tomasz & Michael,
1996).
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2.4.2 Virtual Reality in Telepresence and teleoperating
Although the goal of telerobotics is autonomous operation, a supervising human
operator is still required in most of cases. Telepresence is a technology that allows
people to operate in remote environments by means of VR user interfaces. In many
cases this form of remote control is the only possibility. The distant environment may
be hazardous to human health or life, and no other technology supports such a high level
of dexterity of operation. The nanomanipulator project shows a different aspect of
telepresence – operating in environment, remote in terms of scale. This system that uses
a HMD and force feedback manipulation allows a scientist to see a microscope view,
feel and manipulate the surface of the sample. As the same category, the mentioned
already before eye surgery system, might be considered beyond its training capabilities
and remote operation, it offers the scaling of movements (by factor 1 to 100) for precise
surgery. In fact it may be also called a centimanipulator (Tomasz & Michael, 1996).
2.4.3 Virtual Reality in Cooperative working
Network based, shared virtual environments are likely to ease the collaboration
between remote users. The higher bandwidth of information passing may be used for
cooperative working. The big potential of applications in this field, has been noticed
and multi user VR becomes the focus of many research programs. Although these
projects are very promising, their realistic value will be determined in practice. Just to
mention a collaborative CO-CAD desktop system that enables a group of engineers to
work together within a shared virtual workspace. Other significant examples of
distributed VR systems are training applications in inspection of hazardous area by
15
multiple soldiers or in performing complex tasks in open space by astronauts (Tomasz
& Michael, 1996).
2.4.4 Virtual reality in entertainment
Constantly decreasing prices and constantly growing power of hardware has
finally brought VR to the masses. It has found application in the entertainment. The
market for home entertainment is rapidly expanding. Video game vendors like SEGA
and Nintendo sell simple VR games, and there is also an increasing variety of low cost
PC-based VR devices. Prominent examples include the Insidetrak (a simplified PC
version of the Polhemus Fastrak ), i-glasses ( a low cost see through HMD ) or Mattel
PowerGlove.
Virtual reality recently went to Hoolywood – Facial Waldo and VActor systems
developed by SimGraphics allow to “sample any emotion on an actor’s face of any
cartoon character”. The application field is enormous. VActor system has been used to
create commercial impressive videos with ultra-low cost, USD10 a second where the
today’s industry standard is USD1,000 a second. Moreover, it may be used in live
presentations, and might be also extended to simulate body movements (Tomasz &
Michael, 1996).
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2.5 Summary
In this chapter, from what have been explained in the above page, there are many
hotel reservations which have similarities with one to another. They provide their
customers information, the ability to make online reservations and online payment. Based
on the research, the other hotel reservations systems are quite same with this project except
for they did not provide a panoramic view to the visitors. Hopefully this chapter would
provide an overview regarding the concept of the system, based on the study that has been
made it show that literature review is one of the important part in research or study of new
idea since by making the literature review we could know whether the idea has been study
or not. Literature review important to ensure that there is no repeated study on the same
topic that has been done before.
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CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
This chapter will explained details about methodology being used in software
development. The project methodology should be organized in a scientific investigation
to solve problems, hunting for facts or truth about the subject to make sure this project
to make sure this project complete and working well. It is important step of development
since it will guide researcher through software development. In order to plan a good
project, it should start with better understanding on user requirement. The nature of the
problem is studied and related idea of knowledge is identified. Research paper about
related works are collected and system which is quite similar is reviewed to understand
on how others have approach or dealt with problems.
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3.2 Research Methodology
Before we start in discuss the different types of research methodologies we have
to define the research. In an academic context, research is used to refer to the activity
of a diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation in an area, with the objective of
discovering or revising facts, theories, applications etc. The goal is to discover and
disseminate new knowledge.
Figure 3.1: Types of Research
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3.3 Problem definition
Problem is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be improved, a
difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in
theory, or in practice that points to the need for meaningful understanding and deliberate
investigation. In some social science disciplines the research problem is typically posed
in the form of a question. A research problem does not state how to do something, offer
a vague or broad proposition, or present a value question. As in this project , the problem
that has to be improve is many of the current systems only shows certain part of the
hotel room. This could not satisfy the users. Moreover , there were no new technology
used and some of the reservation systems were complicated to use.
3.4 Data collection
We have previously seen some major steps of research such as how to select a
topic, what method and approach to select, where to find reading materials, and, above
all, how to manage time. They all prepared you to the upcoming and equally important
stage. This summary is an attempt to bring forth all that is related to the data collection
process. It will first highlight some access and ethical issues that one may encounter
while collecting data and the ways to overcome them. Second, it will present the various
sampling techniques. Third, it will go through all the different methods and techniques
that one could follow in collecting data such as questionnaires, documents, interviews
and etc. Then it will look at the possible ways to keep them recorded. Last but not
least, it will shed light on some tips and advice in order to avoid psychological pitfalls
while pursuing data collection (Kothari, 2004).
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3.4.1 Observations
For the purposes of this research, the primary data is collected by making
observation. This method implies the collection of information by way of own
observation. The information obtained relates to what is currently happening and is not
complicated by either the past behaviour or future intentions. The main advantage of
this method is that subjective bias is eliminated, if observations are done accurately.
Observation is time consuming, and in the hope of saving time, one can pre-
structure the observation session but at the risk of losing important details and flexibility
(Kothari, 2004). If the observation technique is focused on observing the participants’
reaction to stimuli and analyzing it, the researcher has moved towards the experimental
approach. If on the other hand the researcher actively participates in the process then it
looks more like action research.
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3.5 System Development Methodology
An iterative life cycle model is the most suitable model because this model allow
us to track the defects at early stages. This avoids the downward flow of the defects.
From this model also we can get the reliable user feedback. When presenting sketches
and blueprints of the system to users for their feedback, we are effectively asking them
to imagine how the product will work. Figure 7 explained about the steps in this model.
Eight stages are involved which are Initial Planning, planning, requirements, analysis
and design, implementation, evaluation, testing and the last one deployment.
Figure 3.2 : Iterative Development Model
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3.5.1 Initial Planning Phase
During this phase, all the activities were planned according to a given period
to complete this system, starting with discussion the ideas with supervisor and proposed
the title of the project. From the discussion, I decided to choose a title ‘Hotel
Reservation System using Virtual Reality ‘.
3.5.2 Planning Phase
After deciding the project title, the discussion was continued on defining the
problem statements, objectives, gantt chart and the scope of this system. In order to get
the idea, the study about problem and define scope limitation of works on the existing
system has been done. As a result, we discover the most critical process is deciding the
best item for customer.
3.5.3 Requirement Phase
During this phase, the user and system requirement were identified in order to
develop a complete system. Based on the research on the internet, there were some
requirement that needs to be improved.
23
3.5.4 Analysis and Design Phase
In this phase, the designing of Context Diagram (CD), Entity Relationship
Diagram (ERD), and Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0 Level 1 was identified. In the
ERD design, the entities was identify involved in this system and the DFD process
shows the flow for each process that involved in proposed system.
3.5.5 Implementation Phase
During this phase, the process of writing coding begins. Each module or
process written in PHP language and for the database storing MySQL will be use. This
phase also known as a code generation phase.
3.5.6 Testing Phase
Each module is tested by insert inputs into system to check either the result is
correct or not in order to check error before release to end user. The unit testing was
applied on each module in the system such as login module. Each error that they
found in this system can be recovered since this methodology allowed to make
changing in the system. This phase is very important before release to the end user.
24
3.5.7 Evaluation Phase
During this phase, the overall module is presented. The system was evaluated
before deploying it to the end-users. It is to help evaluating the effectiveness of the
program and its tools, and provide possible recommendations to improve the solution
to fit best for the user and the needs of the program.
3.5.8 Deployment Phase
The deployment phase is the final phase. After the system has been tested, and
the system passes each testing phase, it means that it is ready to go live. This means that
the product is ready to be used in a real environment by all end users of the product.
3.6 System requirement
System requirement is a list of hardware and software required that will be use
to develop the system. Without those requirements, system may malfunction and does
not work properly.
25
3.6.1 Software requirement
The software specification used from the beginning till the end of this project.
Table 3.1: Software requirement
Software Description
Notepad++ Software for coding and web
development. System is coded using
PHP as programming language
XAMPP A mini server which includes Apache,
MySQL(phpMyAdmin), Firezilla,
Mercury, and Tomcat.
Adobe Photoshop Software for editing image for the
system.
Windows 10 Professional Operating system which is used to
develop the system.
Windows Snipping Tools Software to capture screenshots of the
system.
Tourweaver Software to make the panoramic view
of an image
26
3.6.2 Hardware requirement
The hardware or devices used to make sure all of the process in this projects
works well.
Table 3.2: Hardware requirement
Hardware Description
Dell Precision T1600 PC used to develop the system
External Hard Drive External storage to store final project
year project data for backup.
Printer To print document
3.7 Chapter Summary
Methodology is very important in system development. To make sure
the system is in correct path during development, system methodology will
play the role. The most suitable methodology for this system is Iterative
and Incremental Model. Every phase act as a guide in building this project
in order to make sure the objectives can be achieved. Besides, this chapter
also explains details about software and hardware use throughout this
process.
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CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM DESIGN AND MODELLING
4.1 Introduction
In this chapter, the flow of the system is organized so that the system
development will progress smoothly. Conceptual data modelling is the representation
of data available in the organization, regardless of the physical technology involved.
Modelling process involves a graphical representation of the functions and processes
for the development of a system before the system was developed. The way of the
system functioning is drawn to avoid any problems arise as well as to show how the
system will be developed during the development process.
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4.2 Context Diagram (CD)
Context Diagram is a diagram that defines the boundary between the
systems and showing the entities that interact with it. This diagram is a level
view of the system. The context diagram for Hotel Reservation System is
shown as below.
Figure 4.1: CD of Hotel Reservation System
There are two main users involved in this system which are admin and guest.
Admin will be able to manage the system. The context diagram will explain the
functions of Admin and Guest with own capability to do with their own
authorization.
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4.3 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
Er-modelling is a data modelling technique used in software engineering to
produce a conceptual data model of an information system. Diagrams created using this
ER-modelling technique are called Entity-Relationship Diagrams. ERD illustrate the
logical structure of databases. It often use symbols to represent three different types of
information.
Figure 4.2: ERD of Hotel Reservation System (part 1)
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4.4 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
Data flow diagram is a graphical representation of the flow data through
an information system. It shows how a system’s environment entities, processes,
and data are interconnected and also the data is stored in the databases. It also
shows what kind of information will be input to and output from the system,
where the data will come from and go to and where the data will be stored.
Figure 4.4: DFD of Hotel Reservation System
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4.5 Detailed data flow diagram
In this section, component in the data flow diagram level 0 is break into
several parts to explain more details about each module.
4.5.1 DFD level 1 for process 4.0 Room
Figure 4.5: DFD level 1 for process 4.0 Room
Figure 4.5 shows the details of managing room. This process is done by admin.
Admin can add room, update room, and delete room. Then, the info will be send to the
database.
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4.5.2 DFD level 1 for 5.0 Room Type
Figure 4.6: DFD level 1 for 5.0 Room Type
Figure 4.6 shows that detail process of managing room type. This process will
be manage by admin. Admin can add room type, update room type and delete room
type. After that, the details will be send to the database.
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4.5.3 DFD level 1 for process 6.0 reservations
Figure 4.7: DFD level 1 for process 6.0 reservations
Figure 4.7 shows the detail process of reserving room. This process will be done
by user. User can reserve room and delete reservations. And the details will be send to
the database.
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4.5.4 DFD level 1 for process 7.0 payment
Figure 4.8: DFD level 1 for process 7.0 payment
Figure 4.8 shows the detail process of payment. This action will be done by
users. The system will display the payment amount and user will make payment by
entering their card. Then, the payment details will be send to the database.
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4.5.5 DFD level 1 for process 8.0 generate report
Figure 4.9: DFD level 1 for process 8.0 generate report
Figure 4.9 shows the detail process of generating report. This process will be
done by system and admin will receive the report based on what they have choose.
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4.6 Database Design
Database stores data in a systematic way and can be accessed easily by
authorized users. There are six tables which are involved in storing data in Hotel
Reservation System using Virtual Reality. The lists of tables are shown as below:
Figure 4.10: List of Table In db_rhs
Figure 4.10 below show list of table in database. There are six tables which is
table hrs_admin, rhs_account, rhs_reservation, rhs_room, rhs_roomtype and lastly
rhs_user. Table rhs_admin will save the admin details, table rhs_account will save
customer’s account, table rhs_reservation will save about booking details that has been
made by customer, table rhs_room will save all of the room details, table rhs_roomtype
will save the type of the room that available at the hotel and table rhs_user will save the
user details.
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Figure 4.11: Table rhs_admin
For table rhs_admin, the primary key for its table is user_id. The details of each
administrator is keep in this table.
Figure 4.12: Table rhs_account
For table rhs_account, the primary key for its table is cardNumber.
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Figure 4.13: Table rhs_Reservation
For table rhs_reservation, the primary key for its table is reservationID. Due to
this table taking major role in the system, it take two foreign key which is roomNumber
from the table rhs_room and cardNumber from the table rhs_account.
Figure 4.14: Table rhs_room
For table rhs_room, the primary key for its table is roomNumber. While the
foreign key is roomID from the table rhs_roomtype.
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Figure 4.15: Table rhs_roomNumber
For table rhs_roomNumber, the primary key is roomID.
Figure 4.16: Table rhs_user
For table rhs_user, the primary key is userID. This primary key will become
foreign key for most other table due to every people of registered the system is
considered as user and will save to database for reference to admin.
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4.7 Chapter Summary
In conclusion, in design and system modelling, we describe more detail about
the system data flow and the entities involves. In this phase, the modules involve also
being described as the data flow is from one module to another.
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CHAPTER 5
IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING
5.1 Introduction
This chapter discuss about how implementation and testing are executed for
ensuring the system is developed according to user requirement. To get main objective
of the system, few testing approach have been done. These include unit testing,
integration testing and system testing. Successful testing will use as a prototype before
releasing final product of the system for everyone usage.
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5.2 Interface Design
This section will discuss about how the interface this system looks like and
explanation of each interface that may have function. As a start, figure below show the
login page for administrator. Each time entering this system, they have to login by using
the userID and password.
Figure 5.1: Login Page
This is the login page for administrator. They are required to enter their user ID
and password to be able to login.
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Figure 5.2: Alert message for wrong user ID or password
To login as an admin, they have to enter their userID and password as shown. If
they insert wrong userID or password, alert will be shown to them meaning that their
attempt to login is fail.
45
Figure 5.3: Administrator Homepage
After successfully login, admin will enter to the administration homepage. This
is where admin can manage all of the hotel stuffs such as manage reservations, update
available rooms and etc.
46
Figure 5.4: Display Room Type Page
This page will display room type with their location and price per night. Admin
will be able to see what type of room that available at the hotel. It also provide a button
to allow admin add new room type.
47
Figure 5.5: Add New Room Type form page
If admin wish to add new room type, this page will be display which it requires
admin to enter the details of the room.
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Figure 5.6: Alert message for Add New Room Type
However, if admin did not fill up every details that required by the system there
will be an alert message show up.
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Figure 5.7: Display List Room Page
The next page in administrator page is list room. It will display the total number
of room that available at the moment. It also provide a button to allow admin add new
room that available.
50
Figure 5.8: Add New Room Page
Admin will fill up all the details in this page and it will update the availability
of the room.
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Figure 5.9: Reservation List Page
The administrator page also display the reservation list where it provides all the
customer details such as their room number, check in and check out date, reservation
ID and their payment status.
52
Figure 5.10: Search Reservation ID page
Admin can search customer reservation ID and see their details such as
username, room number, check in and check out date and payment status.
53
Figure 5.11: Edit Reservation Page
In this page, admin can edit customer reservation by changing the username,
check in and check out date, total payment and status upon customer request.
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Figure 5.12: Customer Homepage
As for customer, they will be able to access the system and this is how the
homepage looks like. Customer can get information about the hotel and will be able to
check availability, make reservations and payment.
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Figure 5.13: Accomodation and Room Page
To be able to see the hotel room, customer have to press the accommodation
button and it will display three types of room that available at the hotel which is deluxe
twin, double single and deluxe king.
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Figure 5.14: 360o view of the room page
This is where the implementation of virtual reality being used. Customer will be
able to see their room that they want in 360o view and they can control the movement
of the picture.
Figure 5.15: Control Button of The Picture
Customer have two choice to control the movement of the picture either
dragging the cursor or use the button provided in the picture. The picture also include
sounds through out the session.
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Figure 5.16: Facilities Page
This hotel also provide facilities and services information in their website.
Customer will be able to know about the facilities by pressing the facilities link button.
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Figure 5.17: Check Availability Page
This is the major role of the system which is making reservations. To be able to
make reservations, customer have to enter their check in and checkout date to see the
availability of the room that they want.
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Figure 5.18: List Of Available Room Page
After customer press the button check availability, it will display the list of
available room for the date that had been choosen by customer. Then they will able to
book the room that available in the list by hitting the button booking.
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Figure 5.19: Reservation Form Page
Customer will be direct to this reservation form. They have to fill up this form
in order to get their room reserve by the hotel. Payment information also have to be
included in the form.
Figure 5.20: Reservation Summary Page
The customer will receive their reservation summary which is their reservation
ID, email and phone number right after the booking confirmation.
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Figure 5.21: Contact Us Page
This page will display the hotel information which are the address, phone
number and fax number.
Figure 5.22: Reservation ID Page
This page will display the hotel information which are the address, phone
number and fax number.
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5.3 Testing Approach
In order to test whether the system fully functioned and meet the user
requirement testing is needed. The approach used in the system testing is by testing the
system module by module. Testing is done in every aspect of the system modules.
5.4 System Functionalities Testing
In this section, there are four test cases which are Login Page, Add New Room
Type, Add New Available Room and Customer Booking.
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5.4.1 Login Page
Login page in the system functionalities testing have test case and test case
failed. The elaboration at the below:
Table 5.1: Test case: Login page
Step Procedure Expected Result
1 Administrator view http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/admin/index.html
View login page
2 Admin enter the following details:
User ID: A001
Password: password
3 Click “sign in” button
4 Homepage will be displayed Login successful
Homepage for Admin :
http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/admin/index.html
5 Click “logout” button Logout successful. System
redirect to http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/index.php
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Table 5.2: Test Case Failed: Login Page
Step Procedure Expected Result
1 Administrator view http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/admin/index.html
View Login Page
2 Admin enter the following details:
User ID: A001
Password: pass
Message: User
ID and password
not match.
Table 5.3: Test Case: Add New Room Type
Step Procedure Expected Result
1 Admin click “add new” at the Room Type http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/admin/index1.php?admin=roomType
View add new
room type form http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/admin/index1.php?admin=addroomType&roomID=8
2 Admin enter the following details :
Room name: Superior Deluxe
Location: Ground Floor
Room Price: 250
3 Admin click “save” Update
Successful.
Admin will be
direct to the room
type page back.
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Table 5.4: Test Case Failed: Add New Room Type
Step Procedure Expected Result
1 Admin click “add new” at the Room Type http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/admin/index1.php?admin=roomType
View add new
room type form http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/admin/index1.php?admin=addroomType&roomID=8
2 Admin enter the following details :
Room name: Superior Deluxe
Location: Ground Floor
Room Price: -
3 Admin click “save” Alert message
show: Enter room
price.
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Table 5.5: Test Case: Add New Available Room
Step Procedure Expected Result
1 Admin click “add new room” at List room http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/admin/index1.php?admin=ListRoom
View add new
room type form http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/admin/index1.php?admin=addRoom
2 Admin enter the following details :
Room Number: 9
Room Type: Deluxe King
Room Facility: Air condition
LCD Tv
3 Admin click “save” Update
Successful.
Admin will be
direct to the list
room page back.
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Table 5.6: Test Case Failed: Add New Available Room
Step Procedure Expected Result
1 Admin click “add new room” at List room http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/admin/index1.php?admin=ListRoom
View add new
room type form http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/admin/index1.php?admin=addRoom
2 Admin enter the following details :
Room Number: -
Room Type: Deluxe King
Room Facility: Air condition
LCD Tv
3 Admin click “save” Alert message
show: Enter room
number.
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5.4.2 Customer Page
Customer page has one test case which is the reservation. The elaboration for
the system functionalities testing is described as below:
5.4.2.1 Customer reservation
Customer reservation was used to update the customer information and
bookings to get known in this system. The test case and test case failed was elaborated
at below:
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Table 5.7: Test Case: Customer Reservation
Step Procedure Expected Result
1 Customer click the “check availability” button at the
reservation page http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/index.php?page=reservation
View the room
that available on
the date that has
been choose by
customer http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/index.php?page=checkAvailability
2 Customer click the “booking” button and it will bring to
the reservation form page http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/index.php?page=CustomerReservation
View the
reservation form.
3 Customer enter the following details:
Full name: Tengku Muhammad Solihin
IC Number/Passport Number: 876756223456
Phone Number: 014 3456443
Email: tgsolihin@gmail.com
Check-In: 2019-05-08
Check-Out: 2019-05-09
Total Payment: 120
Card Number: 66666555367763636
Security Number: 999000
4 Customer click “confirm booking” Customer
reservation
successful.
System will
display the
reservation ID.
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Table 5.8: Test Case Failed: Customer Reservation
Step Procedure Expected Result
1 Customer click the “check availability” button at the
reservation page http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/index.php?page=reservation
View the room
that available on
the date that has
been choose by
customer http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/index.php?page=checkAvailability
2 Customer click the “booking” button and it will bring to
the reservation form page http://localhost/HotelReservationSystem/index.php?page=CustomerReservation
View the
reservation form.
3 Customer enter the following details:
Full name: Tengku Muhammad Solihin
IC Number/Passport Number: 876756223456
Phone Number: 014 3456443
Email: tgsolihin@gmail.com
Check-In: 2019-05-08
Check-Out: 2019-05-09
Total Payment: 120
Card Number: 66666555367763636
Security Number: -
4 Customer click “confirm booking” Alert message
show: Wrong
Account Number.
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5.5 Summary
In the nutshell, there are several interfaces that functioned in the system
including admin and customer. Hopefully these all interfaces can make us to understand
the flow of the system for admin and customer. Besides, these interfaces can easily
make us understand the function of the system. Also the system functionalities has been
tested and evaluated.
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CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
6.1 Introduction
This chapter includes a discussion about the proposed system, the constraints
in the system, the proposed future expansion of the system and the conclusion.
6.2 Discussion
There are several problems that can make this system will not act effectively.
For example, customer cannot make payment direct through online banking or credit
card. This makes the system become imperfect due to transaction can be done just in
one way when other system can do many ways for transactions.
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6.3 Future work
For the future work, I would like to give severaln recommendations for this
system that hopefully someone will upgrade and enhance the implementation of the
system. First suggestion is giving better appearances of the interface inside the system.
Next, upgrading the way to make payment such as online banking so that there is no
transaction fraud between both parties. Other than that, I hope that this system will be
recheck, upgraded and make the system more functional and reputable sites in making
decision for customer to book their room and hopefully this system can be introduce to
Malaysia and worldwide.
6.4 Conclusion
As a conclusion of this report, the user for this system is customer and admin.
This system is focus on making reservations and displaying room picture using virtual
reality. This report also included the methodology that used to develop system. In this
report also included the diagrams to show the flow of the system. Hope that this system
will be used by everyone and the objective will be achieved and able to release publicly
in the future. Finally, I also hope that this system will give benefit to my faculty to
release the system made by student.
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REFERENCES
Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research Methodology : Methods and Techniques. New Age
International.
Loraine Villa. (2001). Vienna Hotel Reservation System. San Pedro, Laguna: IETI
College of Science and Technology.
Mishra, D. (2016). Virtual Reality. IJLTEMAS, 5(1), 2278-2540.
Richard, B., Akwasi, A., & Emmanuel, D. (2014). Online Hotel Reservation System.
IJISET - International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering &
Technonolgy. 1(9).
Tomasz, M., & Michael, G. (1996). Virtual Reality History, Applications, Technology
and Future. Austria: Institute of Computer Graphics Vienna University of
Technology.
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GANTT CHART FYP 1
TASK/WEEK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Topic
Discussion and
Determination
Project Title
Proposal
Proposal
Writing –
Introduction,
problems
statements,
objectives,
scopes
Proposal
Writing –
Literature
Review
(Research on
the related
project)
Presentation 1
Proposed
Solution –
Methodology
(use flowchart
and Suricata
IDPS
technique)
Draft Report
Submit Draft
Report
Presentation 2
Final Report
FYP
77
GANTT CHART FYP 2
TASK/WEEK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Project
Meeting with
Supervisor
Project
Development
Proposal
Progress
Presentation &
Evaluation
Project
Development
(continued)
Project Testing
FYP Format
Writing
Workshop
Submit Draft
Report
Seminar
Presentation &
Evaluation
Discussion &
Correction
Report
Final Thesis
Submission