Post on 09-Aug-2020
11Amity Journal of Agribusiness
Volume 3 Issue 1 2018 AJAB
ADMAA
Amity Journal of Agribusiness3 (1), (11-25)
©2018 ADMAA
Horticultural Trade between India and WANA Region
Rais Ahmad & Rather Mohd IqbalAligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
IntroductionHorticulture is the science and art of growing (plants) - fruits, vegetables, flowers, and any
other cultivar. It also includes plant conservation, landscape restoration, soil management, landscape and garden design, construction, and maintenance, and arboriculture (wiki 2016).
AbstractThe present study aims to assess the export potential of horticulture goods from India to the West Asia
and North Africa (WANA) region. It aims to find the volume, composition and pattern of horticultural trade between India and WANA region. Bilateral trade between India and WANA region is since the famous Silk Route. Although the trade between the regions is characterized by periodical leaps and bounds, horticultural trade between India and WANA remains at brisk. India has a diverse climate that ensures availability of all varieties of fresh fruits and vegetables. India ranks second in fruits and vegetables production in the world, after China. The bulk production of fruits and vegetables pivot offers India greater opportunities for horticulture export. During 2016-17, India exported fruits and vegetables worth 1,552.26 USD Millions which comprised fruits worth 667.51 USD Millions and vegetables worth Rs 884.75 USD Millions’ (wiki 2015). The major destinations for Indian fruits and vegetables export are Algeria, Egypt, Libya, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iran, Iraq, Jordan etc. India’s horticulture goods trade with WANA region comprises 19 countries. These countries are Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Iraq, UAE, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Sudan, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Yemen, Libya and South Sudan (wiki 2010). India also imports horticulture products from WANA region but their volume is much lesser than exports. In other words India has a trade surplus with WANA region in horticulture products. Due to political instability in WANA region and sole dependence of its economy on Oil Export can lead to misallocation and a heavy concentration effect on growth, equality and development of the region. To avoid this, the region has to exploit the un-exploited resources and search for alternative ways of trade and investment. On the other hand, India has much potential to exploit the WANA market (particularly west Asian region) in horticultural trade, because Per Capita Income (PCI) of the WANA region is very high than India. To reap the benefits of mutual trade, both India and WANA region should specialize in that horticulture product in which there exists a comparative advantage.
Key Words: Horticulture Goods, Bilateral Trade, Volume, Composition, Comparative AdvantageJEL Classification: F19Paper Classification: Research Paper
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ADMAA
The World economy has divided West Asia and North Africa (WANA) region (comprises 19 countries), into three groups namely,
(i) 6 GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE) (ii) 7 West Asian countries (Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Yemen, Syria) and (iii) 6 North African countries (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia). The WANA region occupies an important position in India’s foreign trade.
India’s trade with the countries in this region is conducted in free foreign exchange. Mutual Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) treatment is accorded in respect to trade with most of these countries (wiki 2015). Some of these countries, particularly Gulf countries, have largely free economies, while in countries like Iraq, Libya, Jordan, Morocco and Syria, imports are regulated by state- owned organisations, to differing extents (wiki 2016). India’s principle export products to the region are tea, spices, fruits and vegetables, tobacco meat, oil-cakes, chemicals, drugs and pharmaceuticals, engineering goods and textiles. On account of large imports of our essential requirements of crude oil, POL products and fertilisers, there is a large negative balance of trade with the region as a whole. UAE and Saudi Arabia are our largest trading partners in the WANA regions. While UAE accounted for about 42% of our total exports and 18% of our total imports in the WANA region, Saudi Arabia’s share was 18% of our exports and 27% of our imports in this region. India’s exports invoiced to Dubai, find their destination in a multitude of markets in the Gulf, Iran, Central Asian Republics, Russia and North East Africa (Ministry of Commerce, GOI). India has become, after Iran, the second largest destination of re-exports from Dubai. Our trade and economic linkages with UAE in general, and Dubai in particular, have commanded a special focus in our cooperation effects. Only essential items like food, medicines, etc. are permissible for export from India to Iraq, with the approval of the UN Sanctions Committee. As a special measure on humanitarian ground, UNO launched the “Oil for Food” programme. India’s export growth to WANA region which increased by 18% has become possible, due to the joint efforts put in by our Ministry, our missions abroad and the private sector. With our relentless efforts, India’s bilateral trade with these countries is poised to grow further.
Composition of horticultural trade between India and WANA RegionThe principal items of horticulture trade between India and WANA region are shown as below.
Exports from India Imports to India
Fresh FruitsFresh VegetablesProcessed Fruits and VegetablesFresh MangoesMango PulpFresh GrapesFloricultureOnionsDried and Preserved VegetablesFruit and vegetable seedsCucumber/ Gherkins(cucumber pickles)WalnutApplesPomesOranges
Fresh FruitsProcessed Fruits and VegetablesFloricultureFruit and Vegetable seedsDatesOlivesGrapes
13Amity Journal of Agribusiness
Volume 3 Issue 1 2018 AJAB
ADMAA
Volume of Trade between India and North African RegionThe highest percentage of India’s horticulture export trade is with Egypt. It controls about 60%
said trade in North African region. Tunisia shows lowest percentage of this trade in the region. Egypt is the only country in the North African Region where walnuts are imported from India. Processed fruits and vegetables and mango pulp are the goods which are exported to each of the six countries in North Africa. Algeria is the next best emerging market for India’s horticulture trade as depicted by figures in the tables in the Annexure.
Out of the total horticulture imports to India from North African Region, about 84% of imports are from Egypt.
Tab
le 1
.1: E
xpor
t of
Hor
ticu
ltu
re g
ood
s fr
om I
nd
ia to
Nor
th A
fric
a R
egio
n
(Yea
r 201
5-16
) Qty
in M
T V
alue
in la
cs
A
lger
iaE
gyp
tL
ibya
Mor
roco
Su
dan
Tu
nis
iaT
otal
Pro
du
cts
Qty
Val
ue
Qty
Val
ue
Qty
Val
ue
Qty
Val
ue
Qty
Val
ue
Qty
Val
ue
Qty
Val
ue
Oth
er
Proc
esse
d Fr
uits
& V
eget
able
s19
32.7
827
49.0
725
37.0
516
46.6
376
9.74
617.
2530
625
1.66
431.
6627
5.59
205
138.
1161
82.2
356
78.3
1
Man
go P
ulp
734.
710
28.8
817
95.2
1257
.39
358.
223
052
47.7
3220
.618
06.9
883
9.4
405.
9870
00.1
4776
.93
Oth
er F
resh
Fru
its0.
080.
0326
97.6
416
14.1
686
32.6
823
.03
25.7
812
0.38
48.6
90
029
27.1
317
21.3
4C
ucum
ber
and
Ghe
rkin
s(
Prep
d.
&
Pres
vd)
636.
9310
07.2
729
9.53
162.
050
030
.417
.47
00
4426
.48
1010
.86
1213
.27
Oth
er
Fres
h V
eget
able
s16
.39
27.2
435.
0147
9.61
2614
.80
030
6.88
218.
820
078
4.28
740.
43
Frui
ts &
Veg
etab
les
Seed
s0
021
4.67
461.
60.
029.
871.
917.
5413
.46
55.2
40
023
0.06
534.
25
Fres
h G
rape
s0
00
027
39.4
836
132
3.96
188
121.
580
057
648
5.02
Drie
d &
Pr
eser
ved
Veg
etab
les
194.
7529
4.9
182
135.
823
19.1
733
.54
36.7
90.
550.
510
043
3.84
487.
17
Wal
nuts
00
4622
3.06
00
00
00
00
4622
3.06
Flor
icul
ture
00
78.5
970
.86
00
3.46
133.
980
08.
315
.46
90.3
522
0.3
Tota
l35
15.6
351
07.3
582
85.6
960
51.1
612
89.9
696
3.25
811.
3484
4.88
4281
.53
2527
.41
1096
.758
6.03
Sour
ce: T
rade
Sta
tist
ics
by M
inis
try
of C
omm
erce
, GO
I – 2
017
14 Amity Journal of Agribusiness
Volume 3 Issue 1 2018AJAB
ADMAA
Table 1.2: Imports of Horticulture goods from North African Region to India
(Year 2016) Algeria Egypt Morocco Tunisia Total
Products Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value
Other Fresh Fruits 1434.67 898.72 49456.18 18177.83 44.32 18.67 1813.91 1242.29 52749.08 20337.51Fruits & Vegetables Seeds
0 0 9184 8580.49 0 1.85 0 0 9184 8582.34
Fresh Grapes 0 0 204.25 228.91 0 0 0 0 204.25 228.91Dried & Preserved Vegetables
0 0 81.13 76.61 0 0 0 0 81.13 76.61
Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables
0 0 73.9 64.22 0 0 0 0 73.9 64.22
Other Fresh Vegetables
0 0 1 1.26 0 0 0 0 1 1.26
Total 1434.67 898.72 5900.46 27129.32 44.32 20.52 1813.91 1242.29 Source: Trade Statistics by Ministry of Commerce, GOI – 2017
Volume of Horticultural trade between India and GCC countriesUAE has the highest percentage of horticulture trade in terms of volume with India among
GCC countries. Saudi Arabia stands at second then Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait. Oman is the largest importer of walnuts in the region. Saudi Arab is the highest importer of fresh vegetables. Onions are almost equally imported with less dispersion by each country of GCC region. Out of the total horticulture imports to India from GCC countries, 93% of comes from UAE.
15Amity Journal of Agribusiness
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ADMAA
Tab
le 2
.1: E
xpor
t of
Hor
ticu
ltu
re g
ood
s to
GC
C c
oun
trie
s
(Yea
r 201
6)P
rod
uct
sK
uw
ait
Om
anQ
atar
Sau
di A
rab
UA
ET
otal
Val
ue
Qty
Val
ue
Qty
Val
ue
Qty
Val
ue
Qty
Val
ue
Qty
Qty
Val
ue
Oth
er F
resh
Fru
its31
09.3
513
799.
3468
02.4
615
157.
8463
59.8
183
10.5
150
45.7
721
426.
1412
654.
2388
068.
814
6762
.633
971.
62O
ther
Fre
sh V
eget
able
s39
45.4
121
075.
3686
88.2
323
586.
4667
85.6
725
908.
214
403.
0123
146.
3313
650.
9998
179.
8719
1896
.247
473.
31Fr
esh
Oni
ons
3993
.665
280.
9889
10.6
748
152.
7860
63.1
867
987.
491
45.8
158
874.
2974
94.5
3037
06.3
154
4001
.835
607.
76O
ther
Pr
oces
sed
Frui
ts
&
Veg
etab
les
972.
6553
35.9
845
57.0
525
29.1
2579
.15
2359
.44
2517
.99
3936
3.09
2690
5.21
2523
4.7
7482
2.31
3753
2.05
Fres
h M
ango
es97
9.72
1104
.27
1918
.11
901.
9282
4.96
2273
.47
2163
.99
2394
.124
47.6
828
751.
2335
424.
9983
34.4
6M
ango
Pul
p36
3.2
8565
.13
5034
.113
91.9
183
4.68
242.
8919
0.54
3248
2.95
1837
3.24
8366
.97
5104
9.85
2479
5.76
Fres
h G
rape
s44
6.77
456.
2931
4.36
1115
.55
910.
7854
1.93
432.
912
420.
1911
449.
2816
814.
0931
348.
0513
554.
09Fl
oric
ultu
re21
9.97
178.
7832
3.47
301.
0919
4.17
155.
2858
0.45
529.
5775
3.19
1441
.43
2606
.15
2071
.25
Drie
d &
Pre
serv
ed V
eget
able
s68
.05
97.3
811
7.05
36.5
682
.683
.82
59.1
664
2.24
743.
181
6.42
1676
.42
1069
.96
Frui
ts &
Veg
etab
les S
eeds
26.5
22.5
465
.828
.97
581.
650.
9910
.38
447.
771
2.47
18.4
751
8.67
1396
.8C
ucum
ber
and
Ghe
rkin
s (P
repd
. & P
resv
d)29
.38
198.
3611
1.89
115.
5265
.24
14.3
48.
9583
8.2
630.
2146
7.53
1633
.95
845.
67
Wal
nuts
099
142.
530.
111.
280
00
034
6.38
445.
4914
3.81
Tota
l14
154.
611
6213
.41
3698
5.72
9331
7.81
2528
3.17
1078
78.2
734
558.
9519
2564
.895
814.
157
2212
.2
Sour
ce: T
rade
Sta
tist
ics
by M
inis
try
of C
omm
erce
, GO
I – 2
017
16 Amity Journal of Agribusiness
Volume 3 Issue 1 2018AJAB
ADMAA
Table 2.2: Import of Horticulture goods from GCC countries
(Year 2016)
Oman UAE Total
Products Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value
Other Fresh Fruits 4030.5 (22.9%)
3889.78 17568.77 (81.3%)
9366.96 21599.27 21458.55
Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables
0.35 (0.01%)
6.44 2898.92 (99.99%)
2076.69 2899.27 2083.13
Floriculture 0 0 31.01 165.1 31.01 165.1Total 4030.85 3896.22 20498.7 11608.06
Source: Trade Statistics by Ministry of Commerce, GOI – 2017
Volume of Horticulture trade between India and other West AsiaThe items which are mostly exported to Iran in the other West Asian Region are processed
fruits & vegetables (65%) fresh fruits (93%), grapes (61%), Mango (76%). The highest traded item of export with Israel is cucumber and Gherkins (66%). Floriculture trade is flourished with Lebanon about 56 percent of flowers and 80 % of Onions are exported to this country in the region. The least trade in this region is with Syria.
17Amity Journal of Agribusiness
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ADMAA
Tab
le 3
.1: E
xpor
t of
Hor
ticu
ltu
re g
ood
s to
oth
er W
est A
sia
(Yea
r 20
16)
Pro
du
cts
Iran
Isra
elJo
rdan
Leb
anon
Syr
iaY
emen
Rep
ub
lic
Tot
al
Qty
Val
ue
Qty
Val
ue
Qty
Val
ue
Qty
Val
ue
Qty
Val
ue
Qty
Val
ue
Qty
Val
ue
Oth
er P
roce
ssed
Fr
uits
&
Veg
etab
les
1169
0.02
1092
7.28
1257
.51
1172
.93
1522
.58
1067
.781
6.28
640.
3436
8.48
309.
0121
70.9
815
31.8
317
825.
8515
649.
09
Man
go P
ulp
745
592.
8465
7.2
460.
9318
8.85
96.3
511
92.1
967
6.91
182
97.9
716
708.
0484
34.6
919
673.
2810
359.
69O
ther
Fre
sh
Frui
ts15
961.
7855
66.3
184
30.5
615
3.2
103.
3610
0.35
70.6
417
312
1.93
574.
923
4.47
1704
7.23
6127
.27
Cuc
umbe
r and
G
herk
ins(
Pre
pd.
& P
resv
d)
00
692.
9137
3.75
177.
9985
.43
165.
611
9.56
00
00
1036
.557
8.74
Fres
h G
rape
s35
6.5
364.
750
010
0.2
112.
7319
19.2
80
010
8.5
180.
7758
4.2
677.
53D
ried
&
Pres
erve
d V
eget
able
s
1611
.874
0.05
788.
7828
4.97
269.
0583
.79
82.8
225
15.6
60
011
49.8
111
68.1
1
Oth
er F
resh
V
eget
able
s49
5.86
182.
148.
014.
4728
10.2
911
9.2
91.6
80
045
.97
41.7
697.
0433
0.28
Frui
ts &
V
eget
able
s See
ds81
.83
167.
447.
5855
3.89
51.2
531
2.14
4.35
6.54
0.02
4.75
13.3
628
.03
158.
3910
72.7
9
Flor
icul
ture
11.3
17.7
819
.31
60.9
241
.26
108.
9299
.46
425.
90
04
3.49
175.
3361
7.01
Fres
h O
nion
s0
00
084
15.6
339
277
.75
00
00
476
93.3
8Fr
esh
Man
goes
11.
490
00
00.
30.
180
00
01.
31.
67To
tal
2935
9.29
1783
1.83
3466
.57
3446
.23
2632
.321
81.6
2992
.52
2211
.674
8.5
549.
3219
625.
7510
454.
98
Sour
ce: T
rade
Sta
tist
ics
by M
inis
try
of C
omm
erce
, GO
I – 2
017
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Table 3.2: Imports of Horticulture goods from other West Asia
(Year 2016)
Israel
Products Qty Value
Other Fresh Fruits 154.76 782.79Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 1382.89 1947.55Floriculture 18.88 170.47Dried & Preserved Vegetables 0.1 22.11Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 0.01 4.04
Source: Trade Statistics by Ministry of Commerce, GOI -- 2017
ConclusionThe WANA region has good potential of horticulture trade. India has an advantage to exploit
the WANA market for horticulture goods because of low transportation cost than rest of the world. By improving the quality of the horticulture goods, the demand of horticulture goods of India can be increased in WANA countries.
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Tinbergen, J. (1962). An analysis of world trade flows. Shaping the world economy, 3, 1-117.
19Amity Journal of Agribusiness
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Annexure Table A.1: Percentage of Quantity of Export to North Africa
Products Algeria Egypt Lebiya Morroco Sudan Tunisia
Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 31.26 41.04 12.45 4.95 6.98 3.32Mango Pulp 10.50 25.65 5.12 0.74 46.01 11.99Other Fresh Fruits 0.00 92.16 2.94 0.79 4.11 0.00Cucumber and Gherkins( Prepd. & Presvd) 63.01 29.63 0.00 3.01 0.00 4.35Other Fresh Vegetables 2.09 55.47 3.32 0.00 39.13 0.00Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 0.00 93.31 0.01 0.83 5.85 0.00Fresh Grapes 0.00 0.00 4.69 62.67 32.64 0.00Dried & Preserved Vegetables 44.89 41.95 5.30 7.73 0.13 0.00Walnuts 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Floriculture 0.00 86.98 0.00 3.83 0.00 9.19
Table A.2: Percentage of Value of Exports to North Africa
Products Algeria Egypt Lebiya Morroco Sudan Tunisia
Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 29.00 48.41 10.87 4.43 0.05 2.43Mango Pulp 21.54 26.32 4.81 1.00 0.38 8.50Other Fresh Fruits 0.00 93.77 1.90 1.50 0.03 0.00Cucumber and Gherkins( Prepd. & Presvd) 83.02 13.36 0.00 1.44 0.00 2.18Other Fresh Vegetables 3.67 64.77 2.00 0.00 0.30 0.00Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 0.00 86.40 1.85 1.41 0.10 0.00Fresh Grapes 0.00 0.00 8.14 66.79 0.25 0.00Dried & Preserved Vegetables 60.53 27.88 3.93 7.55 0.00 0.00Walnuts 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Floriculture 0.00 32.17 0.00 60.82 0.00 7.02
Table A.3: Percentage of Quantity of Imports to India from North Africa
Products Algeria Egypt Morocco Tunasia
Other Fresh Fruits 2.72 93.76 0.08 3.44Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00Fresh Grapes 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00Dried & Preserved Vegetables 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00Other Fresh Vegetables 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00
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Table A.4: Percentage of Value of Import to India from North Africa
Products Algeria Egypt Morocco Tunasia
Other Fresh Fruits 4.42 89.38 0.09 6.11Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 0.00 99.98 0.02 0.00
Fresh Grapes 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00Dried & Preserved Vegetables 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00Other Fresh Vegetables 0.00 100.00 0.00 0.00
Table A.5: Percentage of Value of Exports from India to GCC
Products Quwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arab UAE
Other Fresh Fruits 9.15 20.02 18.72 14.85 37.25Other Fresh Vegetables 8.31 18.30 14.29 30.34 28.76Fresh Onions 11.22 25.02 17.03 25.68 21.05Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 2.59 12.14 6.87 6.71 71.69Fresh Mangoes 11.76 23.01 9.90 25.96 29.37Mango Pulp 1.46 20.30 3.37 0.77 74.10Fresh Grapes 3.30 2.32 6.72 3.19 84.47Floriculture 10.62 15.62 9.37 28.02 36.36Dried & Preserved Vegetables 6.36 10.94 7.72 5.53 69.45Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 1.90 4.71 41.64 0.74 51.01Cucumber and Gherkins( Prepd. & Presvd) 3.47 13.23 7.71 1.06 74.52Walnuts 0.00 99.11 0.89 0.00 0.00
Table A.6: Percentage of Quantity of Exports from India to GCC
Products Quwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arab UAE
Other Fresh Fruits 9.40 10.33 5.66 14.60 60.01Other Fresh Vegetables 10.98 12.29 13.50 12.06 51.16Fresh Onions 12.00 8.85 12.50 10.82 55.83Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 7.13 3.38 3.15 52.61 33.73Fresh Mangoes 3.12 2.55 6.42 6.76 81.16Mango Pulp 16.78 2.73 0.48 63.63 16.39Fresh Grapes 1.46 3.56 1.73 39.62 53.64Floriculture 6.86 11.55 5.96 20.32 55.31Dried & Preserved Vegetables 5.81 2.18 5.00 38.31 48.70Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 4.35 5.59 0.19 86.32 3.56Cucumber and Gherkins( Prepd. & Presvd) 12.14 7.07 0.88 51.30 28.61Walnuts 22.22 0.02 0.00 0.00 77.75
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Table A.7: Percent of Exports from India in terms of Quantity to other West Asia
Products Iran Isreal Jordan Lebnon Syeria Yemen
Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 65.58 7.05 8.54 4.58 2.07 12.18Mango Pulp 3.79 3.34 0.96 6.06 0.93 84.93Other Fresh Fruits 93.63 0.49 0.90 0.59 1.01 3.37Cucumber and Gherkins( Prepd. & Presvd) 0.00 66.85 17.17 15.98 0.00 0.00Fresh Grapes 61.02 0.00 17.15 3.25 0.00 18.57Dried & Preserved Vegetables 1.39 64.36 24.78 7.29 2.17 0.00Other Fresh Vegetables 71.14 1.15 4.02 17.10 0.00 6.60Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 51.66 4.79 32.36 2.75 0.01 8.43Floriculture 6.44 11.01 23.53 56.73 0.00 2.28Fresh Onions 0.00 0.00 17.65 82.35 0.00 0.00Fresh Mangoes 76.92 0.00 0.00 23.08 0.00 0.00
Table A.8: Percentage of Exports from India in terms of value to other West Asia
Products Iran Isreal Jordan Lebnon Syeria Yemen
Other Processed Fruits & Vegetables 69.83 7.50 6.82 4.09 1.97 9.79Mango Pulp 5.72 4.45 0.93 6.53 0.95 81.42Other Fresh Fruits 90.84 0.50 1.69 1.15 1.99 3.83Cucumber and Gherkins( Prepd. & Presvd) 0.00 64.58 14.76 20.66 0.00 0.00Fresh Grapes 53.84 0.00 16.64 2.85 0.00 26.68Dried & Preserved Vegetables 1.01 67.53 23.03 7.09 1.34 0.00Other Fresh Vegetables 55.15 1.35 3.12 27.76 0.00 12.63Fruits & Vegetables Seeds 15.61 51.63 29.10 0.61 0.44 2.61Floriculture 2.88 9.87 17.65 69.03 0.00 0.57Fresh Onions 0.00 0.00 16.74 83.26 0.00 0.00Fresh Mangoes 89.22 0.00 0.00 10.78 0.00 0.00
Table A.9: Exports of Horticulture Goods from India to WANA Region
Pomegranates Fresh
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Country Qty Rs. Lacs Qty Rs. Lacs Qty Rs. Lacs
United Arab Emirates 11,277.47 19,759.71 17,320.13 25,380.48 20,952.62 25,275.08Saudi Arabia 1,563.09 2,058.78 2,557.77 3,175.81 2,664.24 3,040.49Kuwait 913.98 1,024.16 871.04 1,074.32 1,187.37 1,507.90Bahrain 465.99 412.57 470.59 595.8 635.09 657.45Oman 341.3 530.06 312.6 494.68 451.59 645.46Qatar 354.17 450.59 439.67 548.63 571.18 641.01Egypt Arab Republic 371.28 477.39 404.04 524.74 486.64 604.53Iraq 0 0 0 0 15 19.92Lebanon 7 13.62 0 0 14.55 19.26Algeria 0.01 0.09 0 0 0 0Iran 0 0 0 0 0 0Nigeria 0.05 0.02 0 0 0 0
Source: DGCIS Annual Export
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As depicted in the table Pomegranate trade shows an increasing trend for UAE and decreasing trend with Algeria, Iran and Lebanon.
Product: Walnuts Value in lakhs quantity in MT2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Country Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value
United Arab Emirates 71.25 13.47 0.19 0.36 346.38 665.68Egypt Arab Republic 241 1,631.15 252.6 1,267.69 46 223.06Kuwait 54 178.79 22 140.06 99 142.53Oman 4.2 20.45 0 0 0.11 1.28Nigeria 0.6 1.79 0.02 0.15 0.3 0.75Algeria 0 0 11 58.23 0 0Bahrain 12 100.45 0 0 0 0Tunisia 12 66.99 12 69.52 0 0
Egypt is the highest importer of Walnuts and Algeria is the lowest importer.
Fresh Mangoes2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Country Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value
United Arab Emirates 29,231.90 21,497.85 19,973.60 19,199.34 28,751.23 24,792.70Saudi Arabia 2,171.49 1,428.59 1,399.08 1,675.19 2,394.10 2,447.68Qatar 998.1 810.81 1,016.25 1,023.29 2,273.47 2,163.99Kuwait 787.28 1,238.18 748.35 1,298.33 1,104.27 1,918.11Bahrain 658.71 505.36 747.79 633.01 1,088.15 979.72Oman 605.2 469.27 426.84 412.5 901.92 824.96Iran 0.22 0.08 71 60.95 1 1.49Lebanon 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.18Egypt Arab Republic 0 0 0.03 0.01 0 0Yemen Republc 0.1 0.06 0 0 0 0
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Highest export of Mangoes goes to UAE followed by Saudi Arabia.
Fresh Grapes2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Country Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value
United Arab Emirates 11,860.53 11,354.52 13,075.43 11,661.03 16,814.09 14,322.25Saudi Arabia 5,319.73 4,689.93 8,140.47 6,940.44 12,420.19 11,449.28Iraq 75 67.47 694 542.43 1,406.00 1,248.85Oman 706.36 578.8 640.16 463.72 1,115.55 910.78Bahrain 423.67 371.19 590.39 478.04 643.62 446.77Qatar 105.98 120.8 186.38 176.01 541.93 432.9Iran 35 35.62 78 71.66 356.5 364.75Morocco 36 29.32 149 126.51 361 323.96Kuwait 823.29 767.04 502.73 380.63 456.29 314.36Yemen Republic 0 0 0 0 108.5 180.77Sudan 0 0 0 0 188 121.58Algeria 140 141.71 269 187.81 0 0Egypt Arab Republic 90 101.65 225 247.57 0 0Somalia 0 0 5.8 7.29 0 0Tunisia 18 23.44 0 0 0 0
Grapes are mostly exported to UAE followed by Saudi Arabia and the lowest is with Yemen, Sudan and Somalia.
Other Fresh Fruits
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Country Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value
United Arab Emirates 61,295.08 43,488.22 85,388.80 59,379.90 88,068.80 59,581.98Saudi Arabia 20,117.84 10,740.55 24,510.19 13,890.06 21,426.14 12,654.23Kuwait 7,857.65 4,294.18 7,500.87 4,441.36 13,799.34 6,802.46Oman 6,626.66 3,216.08 10,552.65 4,751.85 15,157.84 6,359.81Iran 3,387.80 1,255.01 20,660.13 6,920.37 15,961.78 5,566.31Qatar 5,762.68 3,364.81 6,781.37 4,329.07 8,310.51 5,045.77Bahrain 4,231.08 2,165.85 4,733.78 2,702.57 6,066.05 3,109.35Egypt Arab Republic 1,297.30 1,010.10 1,269.50 1,067.44 2,697.64 1,614.16Iraq 266.44 104.96 798 367.41 1,962.22 777.84Yemen Republic 792.27 352.33 466.53 197.11 574.9 234.47Syria 642 402.79 134 84.7 173 121.93Jordan 300.9 134.18 147.78 93.02 153.2 103.36Sudan 0.32 1 382.93 152.6 120.38 48.69Mauritius 3.61 10.86 5.84 16.41 17.63 44.77Libya 88 43.71 2 0.77 86 32.68Israel 248.4 142.13 95 37.69 84 30.56Morocco 46 30.36 0 0 23.03 25.78Algeria 0.01 0.09 34.4 26.97 0.03 0.08
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Apple2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Country Qty Rs. Lacs Qty Rs. Lacs Qty Rs. Lacs
Saudi Arabia 40 31.44 0.29 0.2 51 38.96Kuwait 0 0 0 0 0.02 0.03Bahrain 0.11 0.11 0.16 0.15 0 0Oman 0.18 0.18 0.21 0.23 0 0Qatar 0 0 0.04 0.02 0 0United Arab Emirates 42.75 32.43 0 0 0 0
Apple trade shows decrease in imports in the WANA region possibly may be because of imports from other parts of the world.
Pineapples Fresh 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Country Qty Rs. Lacs Qty Rs. Lacs Qty Rs. Lacs
Qatar 563.37 365.2 726.6 507.49 976.48 670.73Saudi Arabia 679.17 406.83 271.61 161.46 545.57 382.43United Arab Emirates 60.89 27.39 212.73 110.35 538.48 328.74Oman 192.97 131.01 294.52 203.48 313.32 224.27Bahrain 191.05 116.41 199.76 106.84 223.57 120.77Iran 0.2 0.08 261.54 105.02 17.1 10.1Kuwait 11.76 7.83 9.44 5.83 9.94 4.54
Qatar shows an increasing trend in pine apple while Saudi Arab and UAE show a decreasing trend.
Oranges2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Country Qty Rs. Lacs Qty Rs. Lacs Qty Rs. Lacs
Egypt Arab Republic 0 0 0 0 1,320.00 445.95United Arab Emirates 32.05 16.04 94.33 52.79 551.91 267.5Oman 5.6 1.73 30.15 10.64 92.86 49.37Qatar 4.82 3.98 2.95 2.21 51.33 41.47Saudi Arabia 42.77 34.47 0 0 27 11.53Kuwait 1.8 0.96 0.87 0.6 12.82 10.94Total 17,231.45 3,194.00 34,524.54 7,129.81 47,539.40 11,584.71
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Floriculture2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Country Qty Value Qty Value Qty Value
United Arab Emirates 1,582.65 2,204.17 1,499.63 2,699.31 1,441.43 3,444.53Saudi Arabia 220.08 407.93 407.02 641.9 529.57 753.19Qatar 139.81 255.89 132.68 335.86 155.28 580.45Kuwait 69.59 217.78 109.5 190.48 178.78 323.47Bahrain 114.47 227.7 79.75 183.29 210.24 219.97Oman 111.45 156.14 277.31 212.5 301.09 194.17Jordan 12.4 49.05 13.88 61.78 41.26 108.92Egypt Arab Republic 86.97 91.49 42.35 56.56 78.59 70.86Israel 17.18 46.83 21.57 43.28 19.31 60.92Turkey 9.98 27.85 15.96 39.6 21.96 59.46Iraq 0.41 3.09 2.11 10.89 2.91 7.74Nigeria 5.49 7.17 0 0 0.37 6.71Yemen Republic 5.7 5.51 0 0 4 3.49Sudan 0.08 0.89 0.1 0.76 0 0
Source: Trade Statistics by Ministry of Commerce GOI – 2017
Floriculture has an established trade in WANA region with strong trade links with GCC countries.
Authors’ Profile
Rais Ahmad is M.Phil and Ph.D. in Commerce from Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. His research and teaching experience is more than 25 years. He worked as Chairman of the Department from May 2004 to Sept. 2004 and from Sept. 2007 to Sept. 2010. He has also worked as Professor in Management Studies, Centre for Management Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), Delhi, India. His area of main interest is Finance and Accounting, Agricultural Cooperative Management and Micro-Finance. He has published more than 100 research papers and articles in journal of repute published from India and abroad and published 30 books including edited books. He has attended a good number of national and international conferences, presented papers and chaired technical sessions. He has completed one UGC Major Research Project. He has also worked in in Saudi Universities, Ministry of Higher Education, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Rather Mohd Iqbal is working as a Research Scholar Department of Agriculture Economics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.