Post on 24-Feb-2016
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Hitler becomes Chancellor
The short version - Economic Crisis
• 3rd October 1929- Stresemann died. This left Germany weak without one of its most able politicians.
• October 1929- The Wall Street crash. • US loans to German industries were called in,
leaving industries unable to function. Many closed down, and unemployment rose dramatically.
• Wages were low• People began to turn on the Weimar Republic again• People looked to more extremist groups, like the
Nazis and Communists for a solution
Short version - The Political CrisisMuller replaced by
Bruning Bruning rules by decree Hindenburg stops signing decrees
Bruning replaced by Von Papen
Nazi electoral success - need his support
Von Papen no-confidence vote
Schleicher chancellor Von Papen wants office again
Convinces Hindenburg to appoint Hitler
chancellor and him VC
The Depression
Year Unemployed1928 650 0001929 1 320 0001930 3 000 0001931 4 350 0001932 5 102 0001933 6 100 000
Depression• Muller’s coalition – fell apart March
1930 – couldn’t agree on how to finance national insurance for unemployment
• Brüning appointed – manoeuvred in by conservative-nationalists
• Plan – cut spending• Rejected by Reichstag – used Article
48
Chancellor Bruning-the Centre PartyRemember the weakness of the Weimar Constitution-PR-He did not have a majorityHad to rely on President Hindenburg-Article 48
§48!• Used to pass economic policy• Reichstag challenged the decree’s
legality• Reichstag dissolved July 1930
New election September 1930
• 1928 – NS get 2.8%• 1930 – NS get 18.3%• DDP and DVP lost 20 seats• SPD vote decreased• KPD vote increased
Brüning’s rule• Rule by decree ‘tolerated’ by SPD• 1930 – 5 decrees• 1932 – 66 decrees• Sitting days – 94 in 1930, 13 in 1932• Did Brüning mind?– Ultra-conservative monarchist with little
sympathy for republic–Wanted to weaken Reichstag and get
authoritarian constitution
The fall of Brüning• Economic policy led to reduced
demand – slump worse• Mass rally Oct 31 to denounce
Brüning• Wanted to turn Junker estates in to
600 000 allotments for unemployed workers
• May 32 – Hindenburg stopped signing decrees
Manoeuvring• Right wing conspiracy –
group led by Schleicher convinces Hindenburg to force Brüning to resign in order to get a right wing govt
Von Papen installed• Aristocratic, and Schleicher thought
he could be influenced• New cabinet of landowners and
industrialists• Wanted support of NSDAP• Hitler agreed if– The ban on SA and SS was ended – There were new elections
Depression Bruning rules by Article 48
Hindenburg stops signing
decrees
Von Papen installed
July 1932• NSDAP 37.3%, 230 seats• DDP/DVP collapse – 2.2% of vote
total• 84% turnout• Only 39.5% voted for democratic
parties
Violence!• July 1932 - 461 riots in Prussia• 10 July – 10 killed in Nazi-Communist
fighting
Von Papen out• 12 Sept – Vote of No Confidence in
Von Papen 512-42• Reichstag dissolved• Hitler refuses to cooperate unless
chancellor• Von Papen – plans martial law• Schleicher – convinces Hindenburg to
get Papen to resign – didn’t have confidence of army
Schleicher Chancellor• Aim – split left and
right wings of NSDAP• Appointed Gregor
Strasser vice-chancellor
• Hitler had loyalty of party leadership – forced Strasser to resign
Nazis doing well in elections &
violence
No confidence vote in Von Papen
Hitler refusing anything less than
chancellorship
Schleicher appoints Strasser
VC
Hitler forces Strasser to resign
Final manoeuvring• Von Papen wants office again• Convinces Hindenburg to make Hitler
chancellor and he would be vice-chancellor – said Schleicher hadn’t brought stability
• Said he could control Hitler
30 Jan 1933
Muller replaced by
Bruning
Bruning rules by decree
Hindenburg stops signing
decrees
Bruning replaced by Von Papen
Nazi electoral success - need
his support
Von Papen no-confidence
vote
Schleicher chancellor
Von Papen wants office
again
Convinces Hindenburg to appoint Hitler
chancellor and him VC
Why did politics become more extreme?
Politicians arguewho should run
Germany
No Action istaken to help
the unemployed!
Communist & Nazis
promise to take action
Votes for theNazis &
Communist increase.
Von Papen becomes Chancellor
in 1932
Papen is replacedby Schleicherlater that year
No Action istaken tohelp the
unemployed
Votes for theNazis &
Communist increase.
Many Germanslose their faithin Democracy
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/cclayton1-1588738-why-
was-hitler-invited-to-become-chancellor/