Post on 24-Oct-2014
description
By Asst. Prof. Jinu
Abraham
Early Beginnings 1843, Association for Improving the Condition
of the Poor – formed in America Aims:
* visit poor at homes* give counsel* assist poor in obtaining employment* instill feelings of self-respect and self-reliance* inculcate habits of economy * when absolutely necessary provide relief
Exploratory & Disciplinary Stage 1877, American Charity Organization
Society – established in America Aim: Find out ways and means of
helping the poor and needy – i.e. to organize individualized service
Volunteers called ‘Friendly Visitors’ Activities: Assessment of Needs, Central
Registration, Recording, Relief Giving
Contd…
1898, Professional School of Social Work – established in New York
Indicator of:
* large body of knowledge and skills
* need felt for better trained professionals
Contd… 1914-1917, Term “work with case” used for
the first time in a national conference in USA
First training programme in the form of summer training for Casework held - based on a medical model
Impact: Need for substantial training identified and schools of social work attached to the agencies come into existence
Contd…
1917, First book of Casework, “Social Diagnosis” published by Mary Richmond
Miss Richmond and Francis McLean, offer specialized service to clients and bring out ‘Social Casework Journal’ of Family Service Association
Psycho-social Stage First World War, Medical and Psychiatric
social workers become popular Psychoanalytical theory by Freud gains
momentum 1925, Milford Conference – Casework
conceived as developing the capacity of the client
Several schools of thought based on the theory of Sigmund Freud and Otto Rank developed
Sociological Stage 1930, Economic Depression Casework realizes that economic factors can
cause emotional disaster and breakdown Extreme socio-economic need refocuses
attention on sociological and reality consideration
Outcome of Depression: Establishment of governmental public assistant programmes, like, emergency relief, work progress administration, public work administration and civilian conservation corporation
Relieves voluntary agencies from the task of providing economic help
Integrated Stage
Second World War - increase in personal problems due to financial crises and emotional stress
Family Agencies (Private Pracise) – started to solve these problems
1960s, increased stress on research Past overemphasis on either
environment or personality give way to awareness of interdependence