HISTORY OF COMPUTERS

By D.KAUTIL REDDY

2210312218

OVERVIEW• What is a computer?• Mechanical computers• Electrical computers• Present day super computers• References

What is a computer?• A computer is a general purpose

device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations.

The Abacus(4th Century B.C)

• In 3000 BC early form of abacus with beads on wires were used in China.

• This device allows users to make computations using a system of sliding beads arranged on a rack.

• The only operational mechanical calculator in the 17th century.

• Mechanical gears, hand-crank, dials and knobs. Other similar machines followed

BLAISE PASCAL’S MECHANICAL CALCULATOR (1623 - 1662)

• Joseph-Marie Jacquard developed a loom in which the pattern being woven was controlled by punched cards.

• The punched cards contain digital information represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions.

Punched card technology(1801)

• In 1833, Charles Babbage moved on from developing his difference engine (for navigational calculations) to a general purpose design

• Analytical Engine was a general-purpose programmable computer, employing punch cards for input and a steam engine for power, using the positions of gears and shafts to represent numbers.

• The marks the transition from mechanized arithmetic to fully-fledged general purpose computation

The Difference Engine(1833) & Analytical Engine (1837)

The Difference Engine(1833) & Analytical Engine (1837)

These marks the transition from mechanized arithmetic to fully-fledged general purpose computation

• The era of modern computing began with a flurry of development before and during World War II.

• Machines such as the Z3, the Atanasoff–Berry Computer, the Colossus computers, and the ENIAC were built by hand using circuits containing vacuum.

Early electronic digital computers

• It was the first electronic general-purpose computer.

• It could add or subtract 5000 times a second, a thousand times faster than any other machine.

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) –(1945)

• Unlike its predecessor the ENIAC, it was binary rather than decimal, and was a stored program computer.

EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator)-1944

First generation: Vacuum tubes replaced relays

Second generation: Mid 1950's – transistors began to replace tubes

Third generation: Integrated circuit (IC).First microprocessor, the 4004, a chip with all the circuitry for a calculator was madeFourth generation and above: Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) and Networking

Developments in different generations

• Built by China, It is currently the world's fastest supercomputer.

• Made by a total of 3,120,000 computing cores. 

• Has a speed of 33.86 PFLOPS which is equalent to 3000 trillion calculations per second

• It will be used for simulation, analysis, and government security applications.

Present day super computer (Tianhe – 2)

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_computing_hardware

• www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000984.htm

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianhe-2• http

://people.bu.edu/baws/brief%20computer%20history.html

• http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/• http://homepage.cs.uri.edu/faculty/wolfe/boo

k/Readings/Reading03.htm

References

QUESTIONS?