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Heterogeneous integration of autonomous Heterogeneous integration of autonomous Heterogeneous integration of autonomous Heterogeneous integration of autonomous
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www.smartwww.smartwww.smartwww.smart----ec.euec.euec.euec.eu
SMART-EC has finalized last August 2014; it aimed at the development of self-poweredelectrochromic (EC) display device with improved speed and lifetime for multifunctional applications
as automotive, ID-cards and smart packaging. The simplified concept for the final demonstrators is
shown below, where the display in combined with energy harvesting modules (solar cell or/and
battery and power controller) and RFID communication or temperature sensor, in case of smart
cards or smart packing, respectively.
OOOO b j e c t i v e sb j e c t i v e sb j e c t i v e sb j e c t i v e sHeterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration
of autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart films
basedbasedbasedbased on on on on electrochromicelectrochromicelectrochromicelectrochromic transistorstransistorstransistorstransistors
MMMM a j o ra j o ra j o ra j o r a c h i e v em e n t sa c h i e v em e n t sa c h i e v em e n t sa c h i e v em e n t s
LLLL a t e s ta t e s ta t e s ta t e s t e v e n t se v e n t se v e n t se v e n t s
SMART-EC integratedbattery
SMART-ECElectrochromicTFT
Electrodes
Standard integratedPV
Anode
TFB
CathodeEC
AnodeEC
Gate
Absorbing layers
TCO
Cathode
TFB
Electrolyte
EC
Drain Source
Electrolyte
EC
M36 Review Meeting
European Commission, Brussels
24th – 25th November 2013
M42 Technical meeting
EMRS Spring Meeting, Lille
May 27th 2014
Roll to roll full integration of functionalities
and geometries for both co-integrated and
convergence architectures for all
demonstrators.
Printed 8x8 inorganic
electrochromic passive matrix
and scaling up in pilot line
facilities
Optimized optical inspection tools for
scanning webs in roll to roll systems
Subsystems assembling
(Smart ID-card example)
Final Review Meeting
European Commission, Brussels
October 1st-2nd 2014
2nd SMART-EC Symposium/Workshop Technical
EMRS Spring Meeting, Lille
May 28th-30th 2014
TTTT e c h n i c a l e c h n i c a l e c h n i c a l e c h n i c a l AAAA c h i e v e m e n t sc h i e v e m e n t sc h i e v e m e n t sc h i e v e m e n t sHeterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration of autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart filmsbasedbasedbasedbased on on on on electrochromicelectrochromicelectrochromicelectrochromic transistorstransistorstransistorstransistors
SP1SP1SP1SP1 ---- S y s t e m s d e s i g n a n d S y s t e m s d e s i g n a n d S y s t e m s d e s i g n a n d S y s t e m s d e s i g n a n d r e q u i r e m e n t sr e q u i r e m e n t sr e q u i r e m e n t sr e q u i r e m e n t sThe main objectives of this sub-project that was finalized at M36 were:
i) System and sub-system definition and design.
ii) Definition of the characteristics pertaining to the sub-systems and validation protocols for
demonstrators assessment
iii) Electrical and geometrical design of the demonstrators
iv) Materials selection suitable to the assembling of the prototypes, including substrates
v) Definition of production processes for deposition and integration
Example of the automotive demo backplane containing the circuitry for the interconnection phase to attach:
flexible EC display (8x8 matrix); flexible polymer or TFB; flexible or glass PV cells; thin IC component.
SP2 SP2 SP2 SP2 ---- D e p o s i t i o n D e p o s i t i o n D e p o s i t i o n D e p o s i t i o n t e c h n o l o g i e st e c h n o l o g i e st e c h n o l o g i e st e c h n o l o g i e sThe SP2 scope was the optimization of deposition technologies of materials for their integration
in the building blocks. The SP2 objectives of the second year of project was the identification of
the critical process parameters and the identification of the interaction between processes and
materials.
EC dual phase printable films with
improved electrochemical response
and reversibility.
LiFePO4/Carbon composite cathodic material with
high Crate (commonly the capacity drops around 5C).
Changing from crystalline to pre-lithiated amorphous
V2O5 Resulted in better solid-solid interfacial
resistance and improved capacity for TFBs.
Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration
of autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart films
basedbasedbasedbased on on on on electrochromicelectrochromicelectrochromicelectrochromic transistorstransistorstransistorstransistorsSP3 SP3 SP3 SP3 –––– B u i l d i n g B l o c k sB u i l d i n g B l o c k sB u i l d i n g B l o c k sB u i l d i n g B l o c k sThe SP3 was devoted to the development of building blocks to be integrated in the final
multifunctional system. The specific objectives within this work are related to :
- electrochemical (electrochromic) thin film transistors (ECTFT) for future integration in display,
- flexible energy harvesting module (automotive and packaging),
- RF antenna coupled with IC for wireless communication.
Concerning this sub-project, in the last year were mainly focused
on:
• Upscaling (in a pilot line facility at ACREO) of the passive
electrochromic 8x8 passive matrix displays using printed WO3.• EC transistors for integration of EC active matrices
• Energy harvesting and storage subsystem, namely the
production of the batteries and selection of the PV cells to be
integrated in the demonstrators
•Optimization of the auxiliary electronics and communication
systems
All building blocks produced in SP3 were transferred to SP4. Before integration they were
tested to determine if they fit the specifications.
In the last year the electrochromic transistors (electrolyte gated with WO3 as channel layer)
were optimized and integrated in active matrix EC displays made by PVD at UNINOVA.
Array of 64 Inorganic (WO3 )EC
displays (UNINOVA/ACREO)
Thin Film Battery and
Polymer Battery
(CEA and POLITO)
RF antenna
(ACREO/BIoaAge)
PV modules
(SOLEMS)
Electrochromic transistors layout, transfer curves, and
channel layer coloration in operation
Active matrix EC display integrating electrochromic transistors
SP4 SP4 SP4 SP4 –––– H e t e r o g e n e o u s H e t e r o g e n e o u s H e t e r o g e n e o u s H e t e r o g e n e o u s i n t e g r a t i o ni n t e g r a t i o ni n t e g r a t i o ni n t e g r a t i o nThe objective of the SP4 was the fabrication of the backplanes and integration of the building
blocks optimized in SP3 by heterogeneous integration involving dry, wet processes and
lamination steps.
Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration
of autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart films
basedbasedbasedbased on on on on electrochromicelectrochromicelectrochromicelectrochromic transistorstransistorstransistorstransistors
Co-integrated prototypes
built starting with different
backplane materials (PI,
PET, PC), for each type of
demonstrators (automotive,
packaging, ID card)
Co-integrated architecture prototypes
The fabrication of prototypes included the following steps: backplane development, pick&place,
lamination and vias interconnections.
From backplane CAD to
film produced by R2R is
shown. The film includes all
different demonstrators
backplane and all masks for
auxiliary and IC electronics
(BioAge and EMFT).
Convergence architecture prototypes
The final convergence integration architecture was composed by a thin film battery or hybridized
battery with an electrochromic device (powered by the battery) made using at least three
common materials (metal contacts, one electrode and the electrolyte). Two different convergent
subsystems were tested. The fabrication procedure involved a collaborative work between CEA,
UNINOVA and POLITO.
Final convergence subsystem combining printed battery and EC display (left )and
polymer battery and wet deposited WO3 (right).
SP5 SP5 SP5 SP5 –––– D e m o n s t r a t o r s i n t e g r a t i o nD e m o n s t r a t o r s i n t e g r a t i o nD e m o n s t r a t o r s i n t e g r a t i o nD e m o n s t r a t o r s i n t e g r a t i o nThe SP5 objective was the development of prototypes and demonstrators based on the
knowledge on design, deposition and integration processes developed in SP2, SP3 and SP4.
The high degree of multifunctionality of the novel self-powered flex devices is a key factor for
a potential application in: Autonomous systems for automotive, Multifunctional flexible foils
for ID-cards and Multifunctional flexible foils for smart packaging.
Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration
of autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart films
basedbasedbasedbased on on on on electrochromicelectrochromicelectrochromicelectrochromic transistorstransistorstransistorstransistors
Automotive demo ID card demo
Smart packaging demo
A very important exploitable result of SMART-EC is
represented by the Orbotech on-line monitoring and
recognition tool compatible with R2R. The final result is
a Demonstration of operation on a moving foil with
delivery level: demonstration system that shows multi-
cameras full width scanning, real time acquisition and
low level imaging and offline registration to cam data.
Inspection tool from Orbotech with user interface
Autonomous systems for automotive - novel dynamic
concepts of interior surfaces increased comfort
(novel reconfigurable icons, transparent displays)
Multifunctional flexible foils for ID-cards -
innovative ID solutions for high security and
displays for delivery of information.
Multifunctional flexible foils for smart
packaging – innovative track and trace systems,
displays for information delivery with
integrated sensors for consumer information
and satisfaction
LLLL a t e s ta t e s ta t e s ta t e s t EEEE v e n t sv e n t sv e n t sv e n t sHeterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration
of autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart films
basedbasedbasedbased on on on on electrochromicelectrochromicelectrochromicelectrochromic transistorstransistorstransistorstransistors
M42 Technical meeting
Lille, 27th May 2014The M42 technical meeting was held in Lille, May 2014, during the
SMETEC-EC symposium at the EMRS Spring Meeting. This meeting
was focused in checking the status of the achievements in SP5 and
SP6, according to the recommendation received from the PO and
the reviewers after the M36 review meeting.
P R O J E C T M E E T I N G SP R O J E C T M E E T I N G SP R O J E C T M E E T I N G SP R O J E C T M E E T I N G S
M36 Review meeting
European Commission (Brussels) 24th -25th November 2013The M36 review was held in Brussels (Belgium) in November 2013. During the meeting the final
outputs of SP2 and SP3 were presented together with advancements in SP4 and SP5.
S Y M P O S I U M A N D W O R K S H O PS Y M P O S I U M A N D W O R K S H O PS Y M P O S I U M A N D W O R K S H O PS Y M P O S I U M A N D W O R K S H O P
EMRS 2014 Spring Meeting
Lille (France) May 26th-30th
Symposium R – Towards flexible ion based devicesPartners UNINOVA, AVREO, CEA, POLITO and CRF have organize the
SMARTEC 2nd symposium, this time at the prestigious ERMS Spring
Meeting. The aim was to promote discussion among the international
scientific community dealing with this topic. The conference had
about 4000 attendees and several other running parallel symposiums
(30 in total, some on several topics related with SMART-EC, namely on
transparent conductors and electrochromic materials and devices).
The SMARTEC symposium had a 3 days program with more than 50
contributors coming from different countries including contributions
from SMART-EC consortium
Final Review meeting
European Commission (Brussels) 1st – 2nd October 2014The final review meeting was held in in Brussels (Belgium) in October
2014. The latest achievements of the project were presented together
with the latest version of the optical inspections system and the final
demonstrators.
Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration Heterogeneous integration
of autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart filmsof autonomous smart films
basedbasedbasedbased on on on on electrochromicelectrochromicelectrochromicelectrochromic transistorstransistorstransistorstransistors
CCCC O N S O R T I U MO N S O R T I U MO N S O R T I U MO N S O R T I U M
Con t a c tC o n t a c tC o n t a c tC o n t a c t
Vito Lambertini
Group Materials Labs
Centro Ricerche Fiat S.C.p.A.
Strada Torino 50
10043 Orbassano (TO), Italia
Tel. +39 011 9080 431
E-mail: vitoguido.lambertini@crf.it www.smartwww.smartwww.smartwww.smart----ec.euec.euec.euec.eu