Post on 25-May-2015
The Poten)al of Mesoamerican Coffee Produc)on Systems to Mi)gate Climate Change1
Online Research Presenta/on (WEBINAR) (From) Cali, Colombia – 20 June 2011
1 Henk van Rikxoort, Peter Läderach, Jos van Hal
2
AGENDA
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
} Background } Methodology } Results 1 – Difference between coffee systems } Results 2 – Influence of voluntary standards } Results 3 – Framework for effective mitigation } Recommendations
3
BACKGROUND
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
Lack of knowledge: } Carbon footprints in coffee production... } Voluntary standards and climate change mitigation... } Climate change mitigation practices...
Objective: } To quantify the effects of different coffee production
systems and voluntary standards on climate change. } To develop a framework for effective climate change
mitigation on coffee production level.
4
METHODOLOGY
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
Cool Farm Tool Cropster C-sar Data collection
Information for better decision making
5
METHODOLOGY
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
} Moguel and Toledo (1999):
} Voluntary standards: § Organic § Rainforest Alliance /
UTZ Certified § Conventional
§ Traditional polyculture § Commercial polyculture
§ Unshaded monoculture § Shaded monoculture
6
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COFFEE SYSTEMS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 Tr
ad-p
oly
Com
-pol
y
Shad
-mon
o
Uns
had-
mon
o
t CO
2-e/
ha-1
Carbon stocks in shade trees and coffee plants } Mean C-sequestration:
§ Trad-poly: 91 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ Com-poly: 71,3 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ Shad-mono: 36,6 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ Unshad-mono: 17,3 t CO2-e/ha-1
7
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COFFEE SYSTEMS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
} Mean C-sequestration:
§ Trad-poly: 11,5 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ Com-poly: 13,4 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ Shad-mono: 15,9 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ Unshad-mono: 17,3 t CO2-e/ha-1
0
5
10
15
20
25
Trad
-pol
y
Com
-pol
y
Shad
-mon
o
Uns
had-
mon
o
t CO
2-e/
ha-1
Carbon stocks in coffee plants
8
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COFFEE SYSTEMS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
} Mean C-sequestration:
§ Trad-poly: 0,7 t CO2-e/ha-1 yr-1
§ Com-poly: 0,7 t CO2-e/ha-1 yr-1
§ Shad-mono: 0,6 t CO2-e/ha-1 yr-1
§ Unshad-mono: 0 t CO2-e/ha-1 yr-1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Trad
-pol
y
Com
-pol
y
Shad
-mon
o
Uns
had-
mon
o
t CO
2-e/
ha-1
yr-
1
Annual carbon sequestration in shade trees
9
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COFFEE SYSTEMS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
10
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COFFEE SYSTEMS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
11
INFLUENCE OF VOLUNTARY STANDARDS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140 O
rgan
ic
RA
/ UTZ
Con
vent
iona
l
t CO
2-e/
ha-1
Carbon stocks in shade trees and coffee plants } Mean C-sequestration:
§ Organic: 83,4 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ RA / UTZ: 85,2 t CO2-e/ha-1
§ Conventional: 77,9 t CO2-e/ha-1
12
INFLUENCE OF VOLUNTARY STANDARDS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
13
INFLUENCE OF VOLUNTARY STANDARDS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
14
FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE MITIGATION
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
} In ´t Veld (2002): Effectiveness = Content * Acceptance
} Adapted to: MITx = PRCy * FSBz Where: MIT = mitigation, kg CO2-e PRC = correct practices FSB = implementation feasibility
15
FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE MITIGATION
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
1. Increase on-farm carbon stocks 2. Increase fertiliser use efficiency 3. Reduce wastewater generation
PRC (correct practices) focus:
16
FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE MITIGATION
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
kg C
O2-
e/kg
-1
parc
hmen
t cof
fee
Annual carbon sequestration
Banana shade Tree shade
17
FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE MITIGATION
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
0
1
2
3
4
Fertiliser production Fertiliser induced N2O kg C
O2-
e/kg
-1 p
arch
men
t co
ffee
GHG emissions from fertilisation
High-input Organic
18
FRAMEWORK FOR EFFECTIVE MITIGATION
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
0
3
6
9
12
Waste water production
Gas use Diesel use Electricity use
kg C
O2-
e/kg
-1
parc
hmen
t cof
fee
GHG emissions from processing
Traditional wet process Ecological dry process
19
RECOMENDATIONS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
} To CIAT § Start discussions with GMCR to implement the climate change
mitigation framework in their Mesoamerican coffee supply chains. § Start further investigations in low CH4 emitting coffee processing
methods and machinery. Pay due attention to coffee quality.
} To Sustainability standards § Address effective climate change mitigation practices in standards. § Ensure the feasibility of implementation for coffee farmers.
20
CONTACT DETAILS
The Potential of Mesoamerican Coffee Production Systems to Mitigate Climate Change
Henk van Rikxoort Student – Development and Rural Innovation Consultant – Agriculture and Climate Change Wageningen University The Netherlands Mobile Colombia +573105325712 Mobile Europa +31618187108 E-mail henk.vanrikxoort@wur.nl Fotos – Neil Palmer (CIAT)