DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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BYPRAJESH KUMAR HEGDE1DS08ME060

8TH SEM,B SECTION

05 MARCH 2012

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CONTENTSIntroductionSolar power towerProcess descriptionMajor componentsDifferent types of fluid used in power plantsAdvantagesDisadvantagesConclusionReference

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INTRODUCTION

DEPLETING FOSSIL FUELS

GREEN HOUSE EFEECT

ELECTRICITY IS SECONDARY ENERGY

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SOLAR POWER TOWER

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PROCESS DESCRIPTION

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RANKINE CYCLE

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MAJOR COMPONENTS

HeliostatsCentral receiverMolten saltStorage tankSteam generator & Turbine

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HELIOSTATSTrack the sun movement by the Clockwork mechanism.Sun reached an elevation of approx.10° above the horizon

20% of heliostat field focused on the receiver to preheat the tubes.

Reflect surfaces like iron glass or mirrors. Area is approx. 39.1 m2 Reflectivity is 0.903

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CENTRAL RECEIVER

Cold fluid is supplied to the receiver cavity.From concentrated solar radiation, temperature of the

fluid increases up to 1000°C.This fluid may supplied directly to steam generator

or storage tank.

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MOLTEN SALT

Better heat carrying capacity then Water, Air and Carbon dioxide.

Mixture consists of 60% of Sodium nitrate and 40% of potassium nitrate.

Anti freeze salt – high freezing point of 220°CNon flammable and non toxic.Heat maximum heat carrying capacity of

560°C.

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STORAGE TANK

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COOL DOWN OF HOT STORAGE TANK

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STEAM TURBINE GENERATOR

Molten salt transfer from hot storage tank to steam generator system through multistage centrifugal pump.

Pump is made up of stainless steel.Using of heat exchanger concept, molten salt

heat is extracted by water.Steam generated is supply to steam turbine to

generate power.

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DIFFERENT TYPES OF FLUID USED IN POWER TOWER: • Solar hybrid combined cycle • Salt • Carbon dioxide • Particle • Combined cycle

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TYPES OF SOLAR POWER TOWER

SOLAR ONE

SOLAR TWO

PLANT SOLAR 10

PLANT SOLAR 20

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SOLAR ONEConstructed in 1982 and operated till 1986.The heliostat field consisted of 1818 heliostats of

39.3m2 reflective area each. water was converted to steam in the receiver .The project met most of its technical objectives by

demonstrating :(1)The feasibility of generating power with a power

tower.(2)The ability to generate 10 MW for eight hours a day

during summer and four hours a day during winter.

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SOLAR TWOTechnical obstacles of Solar one:

Intermittent operation of the turbine due to cloud transience and lack of effective thermal storage.

Daily power generation routine started in 1997.This consists of series of panels and each made up of 32 thin

walled stainless steel pipes.Absorbs 95% of incident sunlight from heliostats.875,000m2 storage capacity of hot and cold molten salt storage

tanks.Thermal capacity of system is 110kwh.

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ADVANTAGESRenewable energy.Heat storage during cloudy and over night

condition.Lower cost of producing electricityEase of implementation.Positive environmental impact.Conservation of fossil fuels.Saving money on long term basis.

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DISADVANTAGES

Large land requirement.Daily maintenance .Technology is very expensive.Initial Financing problem.Requirement of excess of water.Requires more foundations to place the

heliostats.

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CONCLUSION

Solar power plays an important in the world’s

power demands.Cost reduction of producing solar thermal

energy could make this the most viable type of available energy.

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REFRENCE“Renewable energy” by Xiudong Wei, Zhenwu Lu “Advance in parabolic trough solar power

technology” by hank price, David Kearney “Development of molten salt heat transfer fluid with

low melting point and high thermal stability" by Justin.W.Raade and David Padowitz

“Analysis of solar-thermal power plants with thermal energy storage and solar-hybrid operation strategy” by Stefano Giuliano,Reiner Buck,Santiago Eguiguren.

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