Renaissance (Part 1)

The Evolving Antiquity

Jacek Wesołowski, IAiU PŁ

Inspired by the Nature

Inspired by the Nature

Inspired by the Antique

Peruzzi (?), Cathedral at Carpi, 1515

Italy: Early Renaissance

Florence

Sta Maria del Fiore

Ospedaledegli Innocenti

San Lorenzo

Palazzo Pitti

Palazzo Uffizzi

Capella Pazzi

Sta Maria Novella

Palazzo Ruccelai

Palazzo Medici-Riccardi

Palazzo Strozzi

P.zza SSAnnunziata

Filippo Brunelleschi: Ospedale degli Innocenti, Florence, 1419+

Filippo Brunelleschi: Ospedale degli Innocenti, Florence, 1419+

Piazza Santisima Annuziata

Ospedale degli InnocentiSS. Annunziata,

facade 1601

Servi di Maria Convent1590

tondos by Andrea della Robbia1490

Filippo Brunelleschi: Chiesa di San Lorenzo, Florence, 1425-60

Sacristia Vecchia

Sacristia Nuova(Michelangelo)

Biblioteca LaurenzianaVestibulo (Michelangelo)

Biblioteca Laurenziana

Filippo Brunelleschi: Chiesa di San Lorenzo,

Florence, 1425-60

Filippo Brunelleschi: San Lorenzo, Old Sacristy

Florence, 1425-60

Filippo Brunelleschi: Chiesa di San Lorenzo, Florence, 1425-60

Michelangelo’s design of the facade

Filippo Brunelleschi (?), Luca della Robbia:

Capella PazziChiesa di S. Croce, Florence, 1429-78

Ospedale degli Innocenti

Filippo Brunelleschi: Dome of Santa Maria del Fiore, (Duomo),

Florence, 1419-36

form designed by Neri de Fioravante in 1367: height 52 m, span 44 m,no external buttresses

frescos: Giorgio Vasari, 1572+

Filippo Brunelleschi: Dome of Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence

4 iron & stone chords

Filippo Brunelleschi (?), Luca della Robbia: Capella PazziChiesa di Santa Croce, Florence, 1429-78

Luca Fancelli (?), Leone B. Alberti (?):

Palazzo Pitti, Florence, 1458+18C wing

18C wing

1618 extension 1631 extension

owned by the Medicis from 1549

changes to Palazzo Pitti, Florence, mid 16C

Bartolommeo Ammanati, main staircase, 1558-70Bartolommeo Ammanati, ‘kneeling window’

changes to Palazzo Pitti, Florence, mid 15C

heavy-banded channelled rustication: B. Ammanati

entrance to Boboli Gdns.: B. Ammanati

Leone Battista Alberti (1404-72): Facade of Santa Maria Novella,

Florence, 1456-70

pattern:San Miniato al Monte,

Florence, 1090++

Leone Battista Alberti (1404-72): San Andrea, Mantua, 1470+

kopuła na skrzyżowaniu

układ kaplicowykorpusu nawowego

Leone Battista Alberti: Chiesa di San Andrea, Mantua, 1470+

Leone Battista Alberti (1404-72): Palazzo Rucellai, Florence, 1460

Leone Battista Alberti (1404-72): Palazzo Rucellai, Florence, 1460

Capella Rucellai, 1467

Florentine urban palace: Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, 1489-1538, Giuliano da Sangallo (the Younger)

Florentine urban palace:

Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, 1489-1538, Giuliano da Sangallo

(the Younger)

Florentine urban palace:

Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, 1489-1538, Giuliano da Sangallo

(the Younger)

Poggio a Caiano (nr Prato), Villa MediciGiuliano da Sangallo (the Younger), 1485+

First, in Modern Times, colonaded portico in residential architecture

Italy: High Renaissance

Urbino, Palazzo Ducale, Cortile – 1468-72, Luciano Laurana

for Duke Federigo da Montefeltro; one of the most elegant Renaissance courtyards, with much influence

Donato Bramante: Rome, Santa Maria della PaceCloisters – 1500-04

first time arch inscribed into a bay of architectural order

Giov. Antonio Amadeo, Donato Bramante (attrib.):

Milan, Santa Maria presso San Satiro, 1476-82

Giov. Antonio Amadeo, Donato Bramante (attrib.):

Milan, Santa Maria presso San Satiro, 1476-82

Bramante’s trompe l'oeil : false persepctive painted on the wall

Donato Bramante (attrib.):

Milan, Santa Maria delle Grazie(White Friars); The Dome – by 1490

Donato Bramante (attrib.): Milan, Santa Maria delle GrazieThe Dome – by 1490

nave: ~1469

Donato Bramante (attrib.):

Milan, Santa Maria delle Grazie (White Friars); The Dome – by 1490

Donato Bramante: Rome, Tempietto, San Pietro in Montorio, 1502?

T r a s t e v e r e

Palladio,Quattro Libri

Donato Bramante: Rome, Basilica di San Pietro, 1506+

1505 – Pope Julius II commissions Bramante the design of a new Basilica

Circus of Nero

Old Basilica: ~330 AD(Emperor Constantine)

Donato Bramante: Rome, Basilica di San Pietro, 1506-13

d

d

d

d

t

tt

t

d

d: domes; t: towers

Rome, Vatican Palace – Cortile del

BelvedereDonato Bramante,

1506+ (altered later)

Villa Belvedere1484-87

Bramante’s screen with exedra

Sixtus V’s wing of the Libraryspoiled the initial

concept

Vatican Palace

Rome, Vatican Palace – Cortile del Belvedere

Donato Bramante, 1506+ (altered later)

Pigna: 1C Roman bronze fountain

Loreto, marble screen of Santa Casa; des.: Donato Bramante

Rome, Palazzo della Cancelleria, 1489-1513, Donato Bramante (attrib.),

drafted masonry (ancient Roman concept)

Rome, ‘House of Raphael’ (Palazzo Caprini)Donato Bramante, 1510+ (n.e.)

Doric columns in pairs on rusticated podium

Raffaello Sanzio, Villa Madama (Rome), 1516+

for Cardinal Giulio de’Medici

conceived to match ancient suburban villas

Raffaello Sanzio, Villa Madama (Rome), 1516+

for Cardinal Giulio de’Medici

built by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger; decorations: Giulio Romano, Baldassare Peruzzi

Raffaello Sanzio: St. Peter’s Basilica (1513)

Baldassarre Peruzzi, Villa Chigi (Farnesina) Rome, 1506-10for Alessandro Chigi (banker), from 1580 belonged to Farnese family

Palazzo Farnese

Villa Chigi (Farnesina)

planned priv

ate b

ridge

(Michelangelo

)

Villa Chigi (Farnesina) Rome

Raphael's frescoes: Cupid and Psyche, and The Triumph of Galatea

1512

Baldassarre Peruzzi, Villa Chigi (Farnesina) Rome, 1506-10

Baldassarre Peruzzi: Sala delle Prospettive (1st floor)

Rome, Palazzo Massimo alla Colonna, Baldasare Peruzzi, 1532-36

Rome, Palazzo Massimo alla Colonna, Baldasare Peruzzi, 1532-36

Rome,

Palazzo Farnese, Antonio

da Sangallo the Younger, 1515+

changes by Michelangelo Buonarroti 1534+

Rome,

Palazzo Farnese, Antonio da

Sangallo the Younger, 1515+

changes by Michelangelo

Buonarroti 1534+

Jacopo Sansovino (1486-1570):

Venice, Biblioteca Marciana, 1537-53 (-60)

Jacopo Sansovino (1486-1570):

Venice, Biblioteca Marciana, 1537-53 (-60)

Jacopo Sansovino (1486-1570):

Venice, Biblioteca Marciana, 1537-53 (-60)

Jacopo Sansovino (1486-1570):

Venice, Loggetta, 1537-40

Jacopo Sansovino (1486-1570):

Venice, Loggetta, 1537-40

Venice, Piazza San Marco

V

NNW

1177 – present size (roughly)completed in the 16C

Venice, Piazza San Marco

St Mark’s Basilica – 1063-94, 13C - narthexBelfry – present form 1514, reb. 1912Logetta (J. Sansovino) – 1549 Doge’s Palace – 1309-1424

Library of Sansovino – 1537+

Procuratie Vecchie – 12C, reb. 16Cdes. by Codussi

Procuratie Nuove – 1586-1640des. by Scamozzi, finished by Longhena

Napoleonic Wing – 1810+des. by G. Sola

V

NNW

Venice, Piazza San Marco

St Mark’s Basilica – 1063-94, 13C - narthexBelfry – present form 1514, reb. 1912Doge’s Palace – 1309-1424

Library of Sansovino – 1537+(V) Procuratie Vecchie – 12C, reb. 16C (N) Procuratie Nuove – 1586-1640(NW) Napoleonic Wing – 1810+

V

NNW

Michele Sanmicheli: Venice, Palazzo Grimani di San Luca, ~1550

Italy: Mannerism

Raffaello Sanzio (1483-1520) Girolamo Mazzola (1503-40)

Renaissance & Mannerism

Renaissance &

Mannerism

Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (1483-1520), The sermon of John the Baptist

Jacopo da Pontormo (1494-1557), Joseph in Egypt

Galeazzo Alessi: Palazzo Marino, Milan, 1557-63

old facade

Galeazzo Alessi: Palazzo Marino, Milan, 1557-63

new facade, 1888-92

Galeazzo Alessi: Palazzo Marino,

Milan, 1557-63

Galeazzo Alessi: Santa Maria in Carignano, Genua, 1522+

first Italiantwin-towered facade

Genua: Strada Nuova and its

Palaces, 1550+; now Via Garibaldi

250m long, 7.5m wide

Genua: Strada Nuova and its Palaces, 1550+; now Via Garibaldi

250m long, 7.5m wide

Palazzo Pallavicini-Cambiaso1558+, B. Cantone

Palazzo Lercari-Parodi1571+

Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria1593+; for Franc. Spinola

Palazzo Podestà, 1559-65; Giov. Batt. Castello il Bergamasco,

Bernardo Cantone

Palazzo Doria-Tursi1565+; Dom. & Giov. Poncello

for Niccolò Grimaldi

Palazzo Bianco1530-40; for Luca Grimaldi

Palazzo Rosso1671-77; Pietro A. Corradifor R. & G. Brignole Sale

Palazzo delle Torrette1716+; Giaccomo Vianofor Giovan Andrea Doria

Palazzo Campanella1562+; Giovanni Poncello

Palazzo Cattaneo Adorno1583-88; for L. & G. Spinola

Palazzo Doria, 1563+, Bernardino Cantone

for G. B. & A. Spinola

Palazzo Carrega Cataldi; 1558-61; Giov. Batt. Castello il Bergamasco,

for Tobia Pallavicino

Palazzo Gambaro, 1558, Bernardo Spazio,

for Pantaleo Spinola

Genua: Strada Nuova

Palazzo CattaneoAdorno, 1588

Palazzo Rosso1571-77

Genua: Palazzo Podestà, Strada Nuova, 1559-65; Giov. Batt. Castello il Bergamasco,

Bernardo Cantone

Genua: Palazzo Doria-Tursi, Strada Nuova,

1565+; Dom. & Giov. Poncello

Mantua: Palazzo Ducale & Palazzo del Tè, Giulio Romano

Palazzo Ducale

Palazzo del Te

Mantua: Palazzo Ducale (Gonzaga Family), Cortile della Cavallerizza

1556, Giulio Romano

Mantua: Palazzo del Te, 1524-34, Giulio Romano

Mantua: Palazzo del Te, 1524-34, Giulio Romano

Mantua: Palazzo del Te, 1524-34, Giulio Romano

Mantua: Palazzo del Te, 1524-34, frescos by Benedetto Pagni, Rinaldo Mantovano

Mantua: Palazzo del Te, 1524-34,

frescos by Benedetto Pagni, Rinaldo Mantovano

Mantua: Palazzo del Te, 1524-34, frescos by Benedetto Pagni, Rinaldo Mantovano

Giorgio Vasari: Palazzo Uffizi, Florence, 1560-81finished by Alfonso Parigi and Bernardo Buontalenti

Giorgio Vasari: Palazzo Uffizi, Florence, 1560-81finished by Alfonso Parigi and Bernardo Buontalenti

Giorgio Vasari:

Palazzo Uffizi, Florence, 1560-81

finished by Alfonso Parigi and Bernardo Buontalenti

Giorgio Vasari: corridor to Palazzo Pitti, Florence, 1560+

Giorgio Vasari: corridor to Palazzo Pitti, Florence, 1560+

Rome: Villa Medici, 1564-78, Annibale Lippi, Bartolomeo Ammanati for Ferdinando I de’Medici

Rome: Villa Borghese Pinciana, 1613-16, Flaminio Ponzio for Card. Scipione Borghese

Rome, two palaces

Palazzo Farnese, 1515+,Antonio da Sangallo

High Renaissance

Palazzo Spada, 1540,Bartolomeo Baronino (arch.), Giulio Mazzoni (stucco)Mannerism

Florence, Palazzo Vecchio: Renaissance ceilings

15C coffer pattern

Sala dei Gigli

Florence, Palazzo Vecchio:

Renaissance ceilings16C caisson patterns

Salone dei Cinquecento, 1494+

Sala di Leone X, 1555+, G. Vasari

Sala di Ercole, 1555+,

G. Vasari

Florence, Palazzo Vecchio: 16C stucco

Treasury of Cosimo I, 1559-61

Florence, Palazzo Vecchio: 16C Grottesque decorations

1555+, Marco de Faenza 1565, Cortile de Michelozzo

Italy: Between Mannerism & Baroque

Michelangelo Buonarroti(1475-1564)

Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564)

• Beauty is the mission of Art, taking pattern from the nature is only a means

• the beauty of Nature does not imply the necessity of following it• not everything is beautiful in Nature, the artist must take a choice

(artist can complement the Beauty of Nature because he can use the pattern he cherishes in his mind)

• human eyes desire to see what they haven’t seen, and what they think cannot exist; this provides variety and rest to thoughts

• if, what happens rarely, great painter creates the piece which seems artificial and false – this false is the Truth

• Art is the matter of brain and eye, not of hand• Art shows not Nature, but the Vision of the Artist (INTELLETTO)• The test of Art is not specific Rules, but individual judgement of the

eye (GIUDIZIO DEL OCCHIO)

Rebellion against the Classicism: TERRIBILITÀ – sense of loneliness, fear

Michelangelo Buonarroti: drawings

The Anger

The Battle at Carsina

Michelangelo Buonarroti: sculpture

Pietà (1550+)David (1501)

Moses

Michelangelo Buonarroti: Capella Sistina

1508-12

Michelangelo Buonarroti: Capella Sistina

1508-12

Division of Light and Darkness

Creation of Sun and Moon

Michelangelo Buonarroti: Capella Sistina 1508-12

Division of Water and Earth

Michelangelo Buonarroti: Capella Sistina 1508-12

Creation of Adam

Michelangelo Buonarroti: Capella Sistina 1508-12

Creation of Eve

Michelangelo Buonarroti: Capella Sistina 1508-12

Original Sin

Michelangelo

Buonarroti: Capella Sistina

1508-12

The Last Judgment

Florence

Sta Maria del Fiore

Ospedaledegli Innocenti

San Lorenzo

Palazzo Pitti

Palazzo Uffizzi

Capella Pazzi

Sta Maria Novella

Palazzo Ruccelai

Palazzo Medici-Riccardi

Palazzo Strozzi

P.zza SSAnnunziata

Michelangelo: Capella di Medici, Biblioteca Laurenziana, Chiesa di San Lorenzo, Florence, 1524-59+

Sacristia Nuova(Capella di Medici)

Biblioteca LaurenzianaVestibulo

Biblioteca Laurenziana

Michelangelo: Biblioteca Laurenziana, Chiesa di San Lorenzo, Florence, 1524-59+

Michelangelo: Biblioteca Laurenziana, Vestibulo, Chiesa di San Lorenzo, Florence, 1520-34

Michelangelo: Biblioteca Laurenziana, Vestibulo, Chiesa di San Lorenzo, Florence, 1520-34

Michelangelo: Biblioteca Laurenziana, Vestibulo, Chiesa di San Lorenzo, Florence, 1520-34

Michelangelo: Biblioteca Laurenziana, Vestibulo, Chiesa di San Lorenzo, Florence, 1520-34

Michelangelo: Capella di Medici (Sagrestia Nuova), Chiesa di San Lorenzo, Florence, 1524-59+

Michelangelo:

Capella di Medici (Sagrestia Nuova), Chiesa di San Lorenzo,

Florence, 1520-34

Michelangelo: Capella di Medici (Sagrestia Nuova), Chiesa di San Lorenzo, Florence, 1520-34

Night

Michelangelo: Capella di Medici

(Sagrestia Nuova), Chiesa di San Lorenzo,

Florence, 1520-34

Lorenzo de Medici, Duke of Urbino

Rome, Piazza del CampidoglioMichelangelo Buonarroti 1536-46

Rome, Piazza del CampidoglioMichelangelo Buonarroti 1536-46

Rome, Piazza del Campidoglio, Palazzo dei ConservatoriMichelangelo Buonarroti

Rome, Piazza del CampidoglioMichelangelo Buonarroti 1536-46

Palazzo dei Conservatori1561-84

Palazzo Nouvo1603-54

Palazzo del Senatore1600++

Michelangelo: Porta Pia, Rome, 1560

sources or independent evolution?

↑↑ Baalbek (ancient Heliopolis), Lebanon; AD 1C – 3C, Great Court, Temple of Bacchus

← Petra, Jordan; Treasury; AD 1C-2C

Michelangelo: Capella Sforza, Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome 1560-73, built by Giaccomo della Porta

Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano, Romepost-Bramante changes

Michelangelo: Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano, Rome, 1546-64, finished by Giaccomo della Porta

Michelangelo: Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano, Rome, 1546-64

Michelangelo: Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano, Rome, 1546-64

Michelangelo: Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano, Rome, 1546-64

Michelangelo: Basilica San Pietro in Vaticano, Rome, 1546-64, finished by Giaccomo della Porta

150m

Michelangelo: Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano, Rome, 1546-64, finished by Giaccomo della Porta

span 42m, height with lantern 137m

Michelangelo: Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano, Rome, 1546-64, finished by Giaccomo della Porta

Michelangelo: Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano, Rome, 1546-64

Michelangelo: Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano, Rome, 1546-64

seen from Palazzo Quirinale

Italy: Late Mannerism

Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola (1507-73)

cornice

Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola (1507-73): Palazzo Farnese, Caprarola1530-47: Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane

1547-65: Il Vignola

Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola (1507-73): Palazzo Farnese, Caprarola1530-47: Antonio da Sangallo il Giovane; 1547-65: Il Vignola

Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola (1507-73): Villa Giulia, Rome, 1550+for Pope Julius III

nympheum and garden structures by B. Ammanati

Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola (1507-73): Villa Giulia, Rome, 1550+

Bartolomeo Ammanati, Villa Giulia, Rome: Nympheum, 1550+

Il Vignola (1507-73):

Chiesa di Sant’Anna dei Palafrenieri, Rome, ~1570

first church on oval plan

palafrenieri = sediari pontifici

Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola (1507-73): Chiesa del Gesù, Rome, 1568-80

Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola (1507-73): Chiesa del Gesù, Rome, 1568-80

Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola (1507-73): Chiesa del Gesù, Rome, 1568-80

Glory of the Mystical Lamb; Baciccia, 1670s

Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola (1507-73): Chiesa del Gesù, Rome, 1568-80

Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola (1507-73):

Chiesa del Gesù, Rome, 1568-80

Trionfo del Nome di Gesù, Giovan Battista Gaulli (Baciccio)1670s

Giacomo della Porta:

Chiesa del Gesù, Rome, 1568-80

Facade

also main vault, dome and apse

Late Renaissance

Andrea Palladio (1508-80)

I Quattro Libri dell'Architettura, Venice, 1570

Vicenza, arcades at Palazzo della Ragione (Basilica); Andrea Palladio, 1554-1612

red: as shown inQuattro Libri…

black: as executed

Vicenza, arcades at Palazzo della Ragione (Basilica); Andrea Palladio, 1554-1612

1222 1450hall 22x50mDomenico da Venezia

1554+1481

Vicenza, arcades at Palazzo della Ragione (Basilica); Andrea Palladio, 1554-1612

Vicenza,

Palazzo ChiericatiAndrea Palladio

1550

Vicenza,

Palazzo ThieneAndrea Palladio

1556-58

Roman wallas inspirationfor rustication

Vicenza,

Palazzo ThieneAndrea Palladio

1556-58

Roman Houseas pattern

for city mansion’splan

Vicenza, Palazzo ValmaranaAndrea Palladio, 1566

Roman wall as inpirationfor giant order

Vicenza, Palazzo Valmarana, Andrea Palladio, 1566

Vicenza, Loggia del Capitanio

Andrea Palladio, 1571

Roman Triumphal Archas inspiration

for mayor’s loggia

Palladio’s Villas in Veneto

Villa Pisani, Montagnana nr Padua, ~1552; Andrea Palladioin Quattro Libri…

classical deities

Palladio’s Villasin Veneto1542

1559

~1552

1565

1558

Villa Badoer, Fratta Polesine nr Ferrara

Andrea Palladio, 1554-63

Villa Almerico-Capra (Villa Rotonda), Vicenza, 1567-91+; Andrea Palladiofor Paolo Almerico, a retired papal secretary; compl. by Vicenzo Scamozzi

classical deities

Villa Capra (Villa Rotonda),Vicenza, 1567-91+

Andrea Palladio

Nfrescoes by Alessandro and Giovanni Battista Maganza, Anselmo Canera

Venice,

Chiesa San Giorgio MaggioreAndrea Palladio, 1565-~1611

Venice, Chiesa Il Redentore; Andrea Palladio, 1577-92

Venice, Chiesa Il RedentoreAndrea Palladio, 1577-92

Venice, Chiesa Il RedentoreAndrea Palladio, 1577+

Post-Palladianism:

Verona, Gran Guardia, e17C+, Domenico Curtoni

French Renaissance

French Renaissance

Valois d’Orléans• Louis XII (le Père du Peuples) 1498-1515 Valois d’Angoulême• François Ier (le Roi Chevalier) 1515-47• Henri II 1547-59 persecution of Protestants x Catherine de' Medici

• François II 1559-60 son of Henri II

• Charles IX 1560-74 son of Henri II Massacre de Saint-Barthélemy

23/24 Aug 1572 • Henri III 1574-89 son of Henri II King of Poland 1573-75

Bourbon• Henri IV le Grand 1589-1610 Edict of Nantes 1598

• Louis XIII le Juste 1610-43• Louis XIV le Grand (le Roi Soleil) 1643-1715

Renaissance

reli

gio

us

war

s

Paris: Église Saint-Eustache, 1532-1637

Facade: 1754+

Paris: Église Saint-Eustache, 1532-1637

Paris: Église Saint-Eustache, 1532-1637

Paris: Église Saint-Eustache, 1532-1637

Paris: Église Saint-Étienne-du-Mont, 1494+

jubé 1530-35

facade – 1610+

Château de Blois

Gothic wing1498-1503for Louis XII

Renaissance wing1515-24

by Domenico da Cortonafor François Ier

Baroque (Classicist) wing1635+

by François Mansart for Louis XIII

Château de Blois, Renaissance Wing, 1515-24, Domenico da Cortona

Château de Blois, Renaissance Wing, 1515-24, Domenico da Cortona

Château de Chenonceau 1515-27 Philibert de l’Orme

bridge built by Diane de Poitiers >1547gallery built by Catherine de' Medici 1577

Château de Chenonceau 1515-27, ext. 1577

Château de Chenonceau 1515-27; Philibert de l’Orme for Thomas Bohier

Château de Chambord 1515-47 for François Ire; Domenico da Cortona? Philibert de l’Orme?

Château de Chambord 1515-47 for François Ire; Domenico da Cortona? Philibert de l’Orme?

Château de Chambord 1515-47

for François Ire; Domenico da Cortona?

Philibert de l’Orme?

double-spiral staircase

Château de Fontainebleau

Porte Dorée

Château de Fontainebleaufor François Ire, built by Gilles le Breton

Porte Dorée

Château de Fontainebleau

Porte Dorée

multi-centred arch / arc en anse de panier

Château de Fontainebleaufor François Ire, built by Gilles le Breton

Château de Fontainebleau – Galerie Henri II

„The School of

Fontainebleau”

„The School of Fontainebleau” Galerie François Ier

Scrollwork / Rollwerk

timber cladding: Scibeco da Carpiapaintings: Rosso (it.)

Chambord, Fontainebleau - details

Château de Bury, 1511-14 (n.e.)Florimond Robertet, ministre des rois Charles VIII, Louis XII et François Ier

the pattern for modern residence

towards Classical regularity

Château d'Ancy-le-Franc (Burgundy), 1546+; plan: Sebastiano Serlio,

built by Pierre Lescot?

towards Classical regularity

Jacques Perret:Architectura et perspectiva. Paris 1601:

"Des fortifications et artifices d'architecture et de perspective".

Paris, Hôtel Carnavalet, 1548-60 (1st phase)

Pierre Lescot, for Jacques de Ligneris

rebuilt and extended by F. Mansart, ~1650

Paris: Palais des Tuileries, 1564+for Catherine de Médicis Galerie du bord de l'eau, 1607-10,

Jacques II Androuet du Cerceau Palais du Louvre

Paris: Louvre, „le Grand Dessein”: Cour Carréedes.: Jacques Lemercier, 1624

P. Lescot, 1579

pavillon de l'horloge (L XIII; J. Lemercier)

imitation of Lescot’s wing (L XIII; J. Lemercier)

L. Le Vau (L XIV)

western wing

eastern wing

Paris: Louvre, new wing by Pierre Lescot, 1546-51sculpture: Jean Goujon

Paris: Hôtel de Ville, 1533-1628Domenico da Cortona (Boccador)

place de grève

Paris, Place Royale (Place des Vosges)

Paris, Place Royale (Place des Vosges)

140 m x 140 mHenry IV; 1605-12Jean-Baptiste du Cerceau?

equestrian statue of Louis XIIIgarden since c1680

Paris, Place Royale (Place des Vosges)

Paris, Place Dauphine

1609+

Paris, Place Dauphine

statue of Henry IV

French Renaissance - theory

• Leonardo da Vinci spent last years of his life in France, invited by King François Ire

• Sebastiano Serlio stayed in France 1545-47; his „Sixth Book on Architecture” was conceived as a handbook for French builders

• Philibert de l’Orme (1510-70) – published: Les Nouvelles Inventions pour bien bastir et a petits frais, Paris, 1561; Le Premier Tome de l'Architecture, Paris, 1567, 1576

• Jacques Ier Androuet du Cerceau (1515-85) – published nine treatises on architecture, i.e.

Livre d’architecture … contenant les plans & dessaings de cinquante bastimens tous differens… , Paris, 1559;

Petit traitte des cinq ordres de colomnes, Paris, 1583

Spanish Renaissance1469: marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon Sicily, Naples and Valencia

(los Reyes Católicos)

1478: introduction of Inquisition;expulsion of Jews and Muslims1492: capture of Granada,end of Reconquista 1492: Columbus in America

1504-06 Felipe I Habsburg (in Castile)1508-16 Regency of Ferdinand in Castile (reign of Juana la Loca)

1516-55 Carlos I (Karl V) Habsburg

1555-98 Felipe II Habsburg

1598-1621 Felipe III Habsburg

~1360

1580-1640: personal union with Portugal

Mudéjar Style

Seville, Casa de Pilatos (urban mansion), ~1520+

Sintra (Portugal), Royal Palace, Chapel, ~1520+

Gothic Plateresco Style (Isabeline Style 1480-1504)

Valladolid, Iglesia de San Pablo, 1486-92 Burgos, Capilla del Condestable, 1482-94

Salamanca, University, 1514-29 Seville, Casa de Ayuntamiento, 1527-64

Renaissance Plateresco Style (1504-60)

end of Plateresco StyleSeville, Casa de Ayuntamiento, (1527-64)

Granada, Capilla Real, 1505-17, Enrique Egas

Granada, La Curia (Bishop’s Palace)

Plateresco Style &

Italian Renaissance(Granada)

Granada Cathedral (c1520 – c1670)

Gothic plan, Renaissance – early Baroque structure, Baroque fittings

16C architect: Diego de Siloé

unique circular chancel,influenced by Renaissance esthetics

Spanish Mannerism

Iglesia de Inmaculada Concepción de María (Hieronymite Church) Granada, 1504++, Jacopo Torni, Diego de Siloé

Granada, Palace of Charles V, 1527+, Pedro Machuca

Granada, Palace of Charles V, 1527+, Pedro Machuca

Granada, Palace of Charles V, 1527+, Pedro Machuca

El Real Monasterio de El Escorial (1562-82)the Augustines’ monastery and palace of Philip II

Juan Bautista de Toledo (Giovanni Battista de Alfonsis),Juan de Herrera (from 1567)

COLLEGE

Monasterio de El Escorial (1562-82)

Juan Bautista de Toledo,finished by Juan de Herrera

PALACE

MONASTERYPatio de los Reyes

Patio de las

Evangelistas

Library (1st floor)

King’s bedroom

Monasterio de El Escorial (1562-82) – the dome

Monasterio de El Escorial (1562-82) – north elevation

Monasterio de El Escorial (1562-82) – west elevation

Monasterio de El Escorial (1562-82) - main gate

Monasterio de El Escorial (1562-82)Patio de los Reyes

main gate with the library

one of the gangways

Monasterio de El Escorial (1562-82)

one of the inner courts

one of the external doors

Monasterio de El Escorial (1562-82) - library

Monasterio de El Escorial (1562-82)

Gallery of Battles

Monasterio de El Escorial (1562-82) - palace

King’s bedroom

Monasterio de El Escorial (1562-82) – Iglesia de San Lorenzo

flat dome in the narthex

Monasterio de El Escorial (1562-82), The Church

El Real Monasterio de El Escorial (1562-82)