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Phonetic Science of the Korean Characters, HANGUEL

Dae Young KIMdykim@cnu.ac.kr

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Phonetics Primer

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Types of CharactersIdeogram

Chinese character田(field), 力(power), 男(man), …

PhonogramRoman: a, b, c, d, e, …KoreanJapanese…

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Elements of PhonogramVowels

a, e, i, o, u, …Sound from/thru throat홑소리: self-sound

Consonantsb, c, d, f, g, …Sound of lips, teeth, tongue, etc.닿소리: touch-sound

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SyllablesA sounding group consisting of a vowel and one or more consonants to form a separable distinct soundcon-so-nantvow-elsyl-la-ble…

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Roman Characters, a Phonogram?

Great GeorgeApple cakeCase ceasedIdol imageJohn in San JoseJung Wolfgang von Amadeus…

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Korean CharactersPhonogramVowels and consonants arranged in syllablesModeled after the vocal system

“Scientific”“Perhaps the most scientific phonogram”“One of the most astonishing invention of the mankind”

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Consonants

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Basic Consonant Groups: 5Root ㄱ ;root of tongueTongue ㄴ

Teeth ㅅ

Lips ㅁ

Throat ㅇ

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ROOT Consonant: ( ㄱ g )

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ROOT Consonant: ( ㅋ k)

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TONGUE Consonant: ( ㄴ n )

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TONGUE Consonant: ( ㄷ d)

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TONGUE Consonant: ( ㅌ t)

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TONGUE Consonant: ( ㄹ r )

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TEETH Consonant: ( ㅅ s )

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TEETH Consonant: ( ㅈ j)

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TEETH Consonant: ( ㅊ ch)

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LIPS Consonant: ( ㅁ m )

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LIPS Consonant: ( ㅂ b)

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LIPS Consonant: ( ㅍ p)

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THROAT Consonant: ( 0 )

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THROAT Consonant: ( ㅇ h)

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THROAT Consonant: ( ㅎ h)

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ROOT Consonant: ( ng)

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Basic Consonants (14)

ㄱg ㅋk ng root

ㄴn ㄷd ㅌt ㄹr tongue

ㅅs ㅈj ㅊ ch z teeth

ㅁm ㅂb ㅍp lips

ㅇ h ㅎh throat

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Vowels

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Basic Vowel Elements: 3. 天; heavenㅡ 地; earthl 人; human

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Basic Vowel ( a): HEAVEN

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Basic Vowel ( ㅡ eu): EARTH

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Basic Vowel ( ㅣ i): HUMAN

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Basic Vowel ( ㅗ o)

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Basic Vowel ( ㅜ u)

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Basic Vowel ( ㅏ a)

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Basic Vowel ( ㅓ eo)

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Basic Vowel ( ㅛ yo)

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Basic Vowel ( ㅠ yu)

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Basic Vowel ( ㅑ ya)

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Basic Vowel ( ㅕ yeo)

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Basic Vowels (10). ㅡ ㅣ ;天 地 人

ㅗo ㅛyo

ㅜu ㅠyu

ㅏa ㅑya

ㅓeo ㅕyeo

ㅡeu ㅣi

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Extensions

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Extended Consonants

ㄱ ㄲ ㄳ

ㄴ ㄸ ㄵ ㄶ

ㅅ ㅆ ㅉ

ㅁ ㅃ ㅄ

ㅇ

ㄹ ㄺ ㄼ (ㄹ+ㄹ = L )

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Extended Vowels

ㅏㅑ ㅐae ㅒyae

ㅓㅕ ㅔe ㅖye

ㅗㅛ ㅘwa ㅙwae ㅚoe

ㅜㅠ ㅝwoe ㅞwe ㅟwi

ㅡ ㅢeui

ㅣ

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Syllables

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Syllable = C + V + (C)Starts with a ConsonantConnected by a VowelMay or may not end with a ConsonantTo be shaped to a box

C V C C V김 V 곰 V 권

C C C

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Applications

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LG

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Anycall

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010

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Examples - 1O K A M U R Aㅗ ㅋ ㅏㅁ ㅜ ㄹㅏ

ㅇㅗ ㅋㅏ ㅁㅜ ㄹㅏ

오카무라

C U R T S I L L E Rㅋ ㅓ ㅌ ㅅㅣ ㄹㄹ ㅓ

ㅋ ㅓ ㅌㅡ ㅅㅣㄹ ㄹㅓ

커트 실러 (컷 실러)

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Examples - 2S t e ve Wei n s t ei n ㅅㅌㅣㅂ ㅘㅣㄴㅅ ㅌㅏㅣㄴ

ㅅㅡㅌㅣㅂㅡㅇㅘㅇㅣㄴㅅㅠㅌㅏㅇㅣㄴ

스티브와인슈타인

I n d I r a Gh a n d iㅇㅣㄴㄷㅣㄹㅏㄱㅏㄴㄷㅣ

인디라간디

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More examples … ?

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Epilog

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Missing Soundsz fvth…

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For Other LanguagesThe Korean writing Hanguel can be applied to any other languages since it is a pure phonogram.For people with no writing scripts…