Post on 03-Jan-2016
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Hamilton and Jefferson
Hamilton Jefferson
Constitution Loose Interpretation
Strict Interpretation
National Government
Strong Federal Government
Supported stronger state governments
Economy Business and Manufacturing
Agriculture and Labor
Foreign Policy Supported Britain, saw US becoming more like Britain
Supported France
The Federalists in ChargeChapter 9-3
Washington Retires
Washington Retires
• Washington’s 2 terms were a success!• Warned American’s about 2 things upon
his retirement:– Warned of the dangers of political parties
(such political differences can weaken the country)
– Warned that agreements with foreign nations might work against U.S. interests (economic agreements should be the only agreement)
Growth of Political Parties
• Political Parties grew out of different beliefs on how the government should run.
• How do we interpret the Constitution??
?
Growth of Political Parties
? Strict Interpretation
v.
Loose Interpretation
Growth of Political Parties
• Alexander Hamilton forms the Federalist Party
• Thomas Jefferson/James Madison form the Democratic-Republican party
The First Political Parties
FEDERALISTSDEMOCRACTIC-REPUBLICANS
Strong National Government Limited National Government
Fear of Mob Rule Fear of rule by one person
or a powerful few
Loose Construction (interpretation of
Strict Construction (interpretation)
of the Constitution of the Constitution
Favored National Bank Opposed National Bank
Economy based on manufacturing Economy based on farming
and shipping
Supporters: lawyers, merchants,Supporters: farmers,tradespeople
manufacturers, clergy
John Adams Takes Office
John Adams Takes Office
• 1796 – 1st election in which political parties compete
• Federalist – John Adams
• Dem. Rep – Thomas Jefferson
• Adams won 71 votes and Jefferson won 68
• According to the Constitution, the runner-up would be the new Vice-President
Problems with France
• France and England still at war
• French began seizing US ships trading with British
• Adams sends Pinkney, Gerry, and Marshall to meet with French minister
• French agents offer to meet with US reps only if they pay a bribe
• Known as XYZ Affair
• US reps refuse, and Congress authorizes US to start seizing French vessels
The Alien and Sedition Acts
• Conflict with France made Adams and Federalists very popular with the public.
• Many Dem-Rep were sympathetic to France– Started blasting Adams in
newspapers
• To silence the critics, Adams passed the Alien and Sedition Acts– targeted aliens-immigrants
who were not yet citizens– Increased waiting time to
become citizen– Gave President power to
arrest disloyal citizens, or kick them out of the country during wartime
– Outlawed sedition, saying or writing anything false or harmful against the government
The Alien and Sedition Acts
The Alien and Sedition Acts
• With these acts, Freedom of Speech and Press were shut down
The Alien and Sedition Acts
• Dem-Rep fought the Alien and Sedition Acts in a theory called state’s rights– States have rights that
the federal government can’t take away
• Jefferson wrote the Kentucky Resolutions, proposing that states had the right to nullify federal law within the state
• Madison wrote Virginia Resolution stating that state could place itself between federal government and the citizens
The Alien and Sedition Acts
• No other states supported Kentucky and Virginia
• However…within two years the Democratic-Republicans won control of Congress, and the repealed the Alien and Sedition Acts, or let them expire between 1800 and 1802.
Peace with France
• Adams resumed talks with France• Two sides quickly signed the
Convention of 1800, an agreement to stop all naval attacks
• This made Adams very unpopular with the Federalists
Peace with France
• Adams then lost the election of 1800 to Thomas Jefferson
• Adams and Jefferson, once close friends, did not speak for many years
• Both died on the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence signing, 7/4/1826
“Thomas Jefferson still lives”