Post on 18-Jan-2016
Matter - Anything that takes up space, has mass, and applies
inertia.
1)Mass - Measures the amount of matter
Matter - Anything that takes up space, has mass, and applies inertia.
Weight - The gravitational force of attraction exerted by the earth on a body
(SI – Newton)
1) Mass - Measures the amount of matter
Matter - Anything that takes up space, has mass, and applies inertia.
2) Volume – The amount of
space an object occupies
Matter - Anything that takes up space, has mass, and applies inertia.
3) Inertia - It is the resistance to change in motion. Causes a body at rest to stay at rest, and when in motion to continue in motion.
Matter - Anything that takes up space, has mass, and applies inertia.
3)Inertia - It is the resistance to
change in motion. Causes a body at rest to stay at rest, and when in motion to continue in motion.
Energy - The ability to do work. This can be changed from one form to another, but
cannot be created or destroyed.
Examples - Light, heat, chemical, mechanical, nuclear
Types of Matter
• Atoms - The building blocks of matter. “Atomos” – its name means “uncut”. It is the smallest part of an element which has the properties of that element.
Types of Matter
• Example:H C
O
Fe Au
• Element - The simplest form of matter. It cannot be changed to another form by chemical change, and has only one kind of atom.
Types of Matter
• Example:H CHydrogen Carbon
O Oxygen
Fe AuIron Gold
• Element - The simplest form of matter. It cannot be changed to another form by chemical change, and has only one kind of atom.
Types of Matter
• Element - The simplest form of matter. It cannot be changed to another form by chemical change, and has only one kind of atom.
Types of Matter
• Substance - Name for matter like elements and compounds because of their uniform and definite composition as well as distinct properties
HydrogenOxygen
Silver Gold
NaCl – Table Salt
• Chemical bond –Force of attraction between two atoms
• Molecule- The smallest particle of a material that can be identified as that material. It is made up of two or more atoms, but they may be the same type of atoms. Held together with a chemical bond
Types of Matter
H2 – Hydrogen molecule
NaCl – Table Salt molecules
• It includes:
H20 NaCl
O2 CO2
N2
• Molecule- The smallest particle of a material that can be identified as that material. It is made up of two or more atoms, but they may be the same type of atoms. Held together with a chemical bond
Types of Matter
• It includes:
H20 NaCl Water salt
O2 CO2
oxygen gas carbon dioxide
N2
nitrogen gas
• Molecule- The smallest particle of a material that can be identified as that material. It is made up of two or more atoms, but they may be the same type of atoms. Held together with a chemical bond
Types of Matter
• Chemical formulas –• Abbreviated form of
elements and compound showing the element symbols and numbers and ratios of atoms
• Examples-• He• CO2
• H2O
• NaCl• NaHCO3
Types of Matter
• Chemical formulas –• Abbreviated form of
compound showing the element symbols and ratio of atoms
• Examples-• He - Helium• CO2 –carbon dioxide
• H2O - water
• NaCl – sodium chloride (salt)
• NaHCO3 – sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
Types of Matter
• Compound - A substance which cannot be broken into smaller substances by physical changes. It is composed of two or more different elements chemically combined in certain fixed proportions.
• Example:H20
NaClC6H12O6
C8H24O8
• Compound - A substance which cannot be broken into smaller substances by physical changes. It is composed of two or more different elements chemically combined.
• Example:H20 - water
NaCl – salt C6H12O6 – sugar
C8H24O8 - gasoline
• Mixtures - Any matter which contains more than one kind of molecule that is not chemically combined and can be separated physically. Not pure substances.
• The substances retain their individual properties
• Example: Sand, salad, salted water, air, mixed nuts
Types of Matter
• Solution - A special mixture formed when one kind of material (usually water) fills the space between the particles of another material.
Examples: Salt water, coffee, orange juice
Types of Matter
• Solution - A special mixture formed when one kind of material (usually water) fills the space between the particles of another material.
Solution are said to be: Homogeneous mixtures –
they look the “same” throughout
Mixtures that look “different” are called:
Heterogeneous mixtures
Examples: Salt water, coffee, orange juice
Types of Matter
• Solution - A special mixture formed when one kind of material (usually water) fills the space between the particles of another material.
Examples: Salt water, coffee, orange juice
Solution are said to be: Homogeneous mixtures
– they look the “same” throughout
Mixtures that look
“different” are called:Heterogeneous mixtures
Types of Matter
Solution are said to be: Homogeneous
mixtures – they look the “same” throughout
Mixtures that
look “different” are called:
Heterogeneous mixtures
Types of Matter
Solutions
• Solutions consist of one or more solutes and a solvent.
• Solute – the dissolved substance in a solution. Salt in salt water is a solute
• Solvent – The dissolving agent in a solution. Water dissolving salt in salt water is an example
• Aqueous – Solutions which are actually water based
• Colloid – The type of mixture which contains small particles suspended in a solution
Solutions
• Aqueous – Solutions which are actually water based
• Colloid – The type of mixture which contains small particles suspended in a solution– Tyndall effect : The
scattering of light indicating small solid particles
Solutions
Solutions
• Suspension - A type of heterogeneous mixture where the solid particles are large enough to settle out or can be separated by filtration. The process that separates solids from a liquid
Solutions
• Separation of solutes from homogeneous mixtures can be accomplished by distillation.
• The process where a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is condensed to a liquid.
Solutions
• Separation of solutes from homogeneous mixtures can be accomplished by distillation.
• The process where a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is condensed to a liquid.
States of Matter (4)
1) Solids -State of matter which maintains a constant volume and shape. Normally has a crystalline structure.
Example: Ice, Rocks and Minerals
States of Matter (4)
2) Liquids – State of matter which takes the shape of its container and has a relatively constant volume.
Example: Water,
Mercury
States of Matter (4)
3) Gases -State of matter with no constant shape and whose volume varies with temperature and pressure.
Vapor – Gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature.
Ex: Water vapor
Example: Air, Oxygen,
Water vapor
States of Matter (4)
4) Plasma - State of matter similar to gas, made up of electrical particles at extremely high temperatures. It is found in the sun and stars.
Changes of State
• Melting -solid to liquid (ice to water)
• Fusion (freezing) -liquid to solid(water to ice)
• Evaporation - liquid to gas (water to steam/water vapor)
• Condensation - gas to liquid (water vapor to water)
• Sublimation - solid to gas (ice to water vapor)
Changes of Matter
• Physical Change -When a substance is changed to a new form, but its molecules are the same as before, and it can be changed back physically.
• Includes density, melting, boiling, texture, color, flexibility
• Examples: When substances are bent, smashed, ripped, melted, frozen, etc. Ripping a piece of paper, melting ice.
Special Properties of Matter
• Density – The amount of matter (mass) in a given volume. It is how much something weighs versus how much space it takes up
• Measured in grams per milliliter (g/mL) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3).
• Examples: Water has a density of 1 g/mL wood is .7 g/mLiron is 7.8 g/mL.
Special Properties of Matter
• Measured in grams per milliliter (g/mL) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3).
• Examples: Water has a density of 1 g/mL wood is .7 g/mLiron is 7.8 g/mL.
Changes of Matter
• Chemical Change - When a substance is changed to a new form, but its molecules are different from before, and can’t be changed back.
• Describes its ability to change. Flammability, ability to react
• Examples: When substances are burned or chemically react. Burning paper, iron rusting, fireworks exploding.
Chemical Changes
• Chemical properties – The ability of a substance to undergo chemical change
• Chemical reaction – When one or more substances change into two or more substances– Reactant : Substance present
at the beginning of a reaction– Product: Substance produced
in the reaction
Reactants Products
Chemical changes
• Evidence of chemical change:
1) Transfer of energy (warm or cold)
2) Change in color3) Production of a gas4) Formation of a
precipitate (solid from a liquid mixture)