Gymnosperms

Spruces, Pines, etc.

Review From Friday

• What are the characteristics of Kingdom Plantae?

• What is true only of Bryophytes?• What is true of Bryophytes and Ferns?• What is the specialized tissue present in most

plants(not mosses)?

Looking Forward

• Today: Talk about gymnosperms and angiosperms

• Tomorrow: Activity on Mosses and Ferns and Monocots and Dicots

• Wednesday: How to: Dichotomous Keys• Thursday and Friday: Keying trees around

school.

Today’s Plan

• Collect Formal Conclusions (with questions) from DNA lab

• Pass back Yeast Lab• Go over answers• Review Gymnosperms• Discuss Angiosperms– Differences between Monocots and Dicots

Yeast Lab

• Inhibit:– 1. To hold back; restrain. See Synonyms at restrain.– 2. To prohibit; forbid.– 3. Psychology To suppress or restrain (behavior, an

impulse, or a desire) consciously or unconsciously.– 4. a. Chemistry To prevent or decrease the rate of

(a reaction).– b. Biology To decrease, limit, or block the action or

function of (an enzyme or organ, for example).

What are gymnosperms?

• Greek for “naked seeds”• 700-900 species of gymnosperms• Sporophyte generation is dominant– Has a short lived gametophyte phase, which is

similar to Angiosperms

Types of Gymnosperms

• Pine, Spruce, fir, cedar, ginko• Gymnosperms are used for manufacturing

soaps, varnish, paints, perfumes

Ohio Gymnosperms

• Pinus strobus L. White Pine.• Pinus virginiana Mill. Scrub Pine.• Thuja occidentalis L. Arborvitae.

• Other Common Gymnosperms:• Colorado Spruce, Norway Spruce, Scotch

Pine, Hemlock, Juniper

Characteristics of Gymnosperms

• Pine-like Needles– Adapted for colder, dryer climates-thick cuticle,

small surface area• Sporophyte begins to grow in the cone-not as

vulnerable• Male and Female pinecones are present on 1

trees– Male cones are more commonly seen on top of the

tree, female cones are farther down

How does Reproduction Happen

• Pollen lands on the female cone, gets drawn inside and germinates.

• Sperm nuclei pass down tube and one fertilizes egg

• The zygote grows into a sporophyte still inside the female gametophyte which is inside the seed coat

Ginkos and Cycads

• These look much different than the rest of the Gymnosperms

• Ginkos used to be much more prevalent than they are today.– Ginko Biloba is the only Ginko species still alive

• used for memory enhancement, altitude sickness, symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and reduction of chemotherapy-induced end-organ vascular damage. (still being tested)

• One of the most widely sold herbal supplements in the US

ANGIOSPERMS

What’s an Angiosperm

• Most common land plants• Covered seed-seed is encompassed inside fruit• These plants have true roots, stems (shoots),

flowers, and leaves• Separated into 2 groups: Monocots and

Dicots

Monocots -vs- Dicots

Monocot -vs- Dicot

Monocot -vs- Dicot

Monocots

Angiosperms of Ohio

• Monocots:– Corn– False Garlic– White Trillium• Official state flower of Ohio

Angiosperms of Ohio

• Dicots– Maple– Elm– Oak– Beech Tree– Buckeye Tree• State tree