Post on 25-Dec-2015
Gullfaks fieldRune Instefjord
Project leader, Gullfaks IOR
• Location: northern North Sea
• Discovered: 1978
Key data for GF main field
• Start production: 1986
• Base reserves: 356 Mill. Sm3
• Produced to date: 327 Mill. Sm3
• Expected recovery: 61 %
GullfaksGullfaks
• Location: northern North Sea
• Discovered: 1978
• Start production: 1986
• Base oil reserves: 356 Mill. Sm3
• Produced to date: 327 Mill. Sm3
• Expected recovery: 61 %
– Recovery pr. 2006: 56%
• Initial pressure: 310-320 bar at 1850 m TVD
MHN
• Bubble point pressure: ~200-240 bar at 1850 m
TVD MHN
• GOR: ~ 100 Sm³/Sm³
• Viscosity: ~ 0.5 – 1 cp
• Dip angel in western part: 12-15 deg0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
3 500
1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Ra
te 1
00
0 S
m3
/mo
nth
Basis Water IOR Water Basis OIL IOR Oil Start prognosis
• Complex fault system– Main fault system trending
north-south: large faults (50 – 250 m throw)
– Secondary fault system east-west (10 – 100 m throw)
– Three structual areas
• A major challenge to realise the IOR potential, is a continuous improvement of the structural description by
– frequent seismic surveillances (conventional time lapse and Ocean Bottom Seismics)
– Use of advanced geological and reservoir simulation models
Gullfaks Field-Structural setting and reservoir performance, Gullfaks Field
A
C
BA
CB
Structural Depth Map, top Statfjord Fm. View from south.Vertical scale 4x horisontal
4000 m
3000 m
5000 m
msl
1000 m
2000 m
Statfj. Fm.
Brent Gr.
Post-Jurassic sediments
Intra-Teist refl.
7000 m
6000 m
8000 m
5 km
Basement
Low-angle detachment
Tordis break-away fault
Domino System HorstAccom-modation
Structural interpretation
4000
3000
5000
0000
1000
2000
4000
3000
5000
0000
1000
2000
1200 14001000800600CDP 400
Statfjord Fm.
Intra-Lomvi reflector
Brent Group
Base Cretaceous unconformity
Cretaceous/Tertiary sediments
W E
DOMINO SYSTEM
ACCOMODATION
HORST COMPLEX
Line 736
Reservoir Quality• Reservoirs: Brent, Cook,
Statfjord & Lunde
• Complex reservoir, very faulted
• Porosity: 25-35 %
• Permeability:– Tarbert, Etive, good Ness, good
Statfjord and Cook- 3 >1D
– Rannoch, poor Ness, poor Statfjord, Cook-2 and Lunde : 100 mD – 1 D
• Moderate-to-High Reservoir
Quality
• Contrasting layers
• Weak formations
DRAINAGE STRATEGY (primary)
• Aquifer support
• Water injection
• Reservoir pressure over bubble point
• Injectors in the water zone
• Producers high on structure
Drainage strategy (continues)
Secondary:• Gas injection, up-dip• WAG injection
Secondary:• Gas injection, up-dip• WAG injection
• Horizontal wells
Secondary:• Gas injection, up-dip• WAG injection
• Horizontal wells
• Reservoir pressure under bubble point
Secondary:• Gas injection, up-dip• WAG injection
• Horizontal wells
• Reservoir pressure under bubble point
• Commingle production
Secondary:• Gas injection, up-dip• WAG injection
Horizontal wells
• Reservoir pressure under bubble point
• Commingle production
Why?
• Avoid production reduction when gas export is at its maximum
• Reduce storage costs and CO2 tax
• Produce attic oil
• Reduce residual oil saturation
• Reach areas difficult to reach with water injection, ex. Ness by LB injection
Why?• Avoid production reduction when gas export is at its
maximum• Reduce storage costs and CO2 tax• Produce attic oil• Reduce residual oil saturation• Reach areas difficult to reach with water injection, ex. Ness by LB
injection
• Get uniform drainage, decrease sand production• Drain by-passed oil
Why?• Avoid production reduction when gas export is at its
maximum• Reduce storage costs and CO2 tax• Produce attic oil• Reduce residual oil saturation• Reach areas difficult to reach with water injection, ex. Ness by LB
injection
• Get uniform drainage, decrease sand production• Drain by-passed oil
• Create gas lift, save drilling costs
Why?• Avoid production reduction when gas export is at its
maximum• Reduce storage costs and CO2 tax• Produce attic oil• Reduce residual oil saturation• Reach areas difficult to reach with water injection, ex. Ness by LB
injection
• Get uniform drainage, decrease sand production• Drain by-passed oil
• Create gas lift, save drilling costs
• Accelerate production
Why?• Avoid production reduction when gas export is at its
maximum• Reduce storage costs and CO2 tax• Produce attic oil• Reach areas difficult to reach with water injection, ex.
Ness by LB injection
• Get uniform drainage, decrease sand production• Drain by-passed oil
• Create gas lift, save drilling costs
• Accelerate production
230240
211210230
257
284
309 317319 321325332342
352355
530540
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510502
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478
538522
560574 579 588585 581582587582581582
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Olje (M
Sm
³)
0
100
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700
Historie Basis profil Reserver STOOIP
STOOIP (3,6 billion bbl)
RESERVES
PRODUCED
BASE PROFILE
Gullfaks reserves estimates through time
2,2 billion bbls
Remaining oil
Sammenligning av prognoser for basis oljeproduksjonGullfaks hovedfelt
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
mill
Sm
3 pr.
år
Produsert 88 Rev PUD 93 Høst 94 Høst RSP 96
RSP 00 RSP 02 RSP 03 RSP 04
In additon, tie-in of satellite fields has increased the oil and gas sales from the field (1994 Tordis, 1998 GF Satellites Phase 1, 2001 GF Satellites Phase 2.
Present prognosis for economical lifetime: Year 2018. Ambition: Year 2030
Reserves Growth GullfaksM
ill.
Sm
3 p
er
year
IOR at Gullfaks Main reasons for improved recovery
• Continuous focus on reservoir description and monitoring
• An increased no. of drainage points / wells and the use of superinjectors for
water injection
• Supplementary gas injection (WAG) in selected reservoir segments
• Increased process capacities where necessary both for water (prod/inj), liquid, oil
and gas
• Reduced inlet separator pressure
• Use of time-lapse (4D) seismic to map remaining hydrocarbons
Ambitions in Long Range Plan
• Produce 400 Mill. Sm³ oil in the field life time. Corresponding to around 70%
recovery factor on the main field.
• Cost reductions and an active IOR implementation is the most important
instrument to reach the ambition.
• Lengthening the field life time with several years.
• Third parts processing.
Gullfaks Main Field – oil rate prognosis
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
351986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
2022
2026
Mil
lio
ns
Olj
ep
rod
uksjo
n (
Sm
3/å
r)
Basis Basis+ØOU Ambisjon
Gullfaks ”IOR ambition” project• Duration: 2006-2008.• Main goal: mature the undefined IOR ambition volumes (and more?) to RC 5.
– Identify specific measures and demonstrate that they may be economical feasible.
Mill Sm³Basis profil 0-3 Gullfaks 356,7 Senfase trykkavlastning Cook 7A Cook 1,0 Infill Cook 4A Cook 0,2 Lavtrykk Cook 7A Cook 1,1 Forbedret sweep i Cook ved økt vanninjeksjon 4A Cook 0,2 Nye IOR-brønner i Brent 4A Brent 10,6 Massiv vannsirkulering i Brent 4A Brent 7,0 Statfjord IOR 7A Statfjord 0,2 Massiv vannsirkulering Statfjord 4A Statfjord 1,3 Krans/Kyrre IOR 7A Krans 0,5 Lunde IOR 7A Lunde 2,1 CO2 prosjekt 6 Brent - Ambisjonsprofil 7A Gullfaks 17,4 Lunde IOR 0,4<Sw<0,6 7F Lunde 1,7 Sum all IOR Measures Sum All 43,3
Gullfaks Hovedfelt
Gullfaks Main Field. Improved oil recovery.
Implemented:
• Water injection from start
• Upgrading of water injection capacities
• Sand control (screens) in most wells
• ”Designer wells” (horisontal, 3D)
• Extended reach drilling (9 km drilled, 10 km well is beeing
drilled)
• Extensive exploration activity within drilling reach from
platforms => new volumes
• Hydraulic fracturing in low perm reservoirs
• WAG (Water alternating gas) injection
• ”Huff and puff” gas injection
• Monobore completions
• ”Intelligent wells”, remotely operated zone isolation valves
Implemented (continued):
• Multilateral wells
• Coiled Tubing drilling
• Through tubing drilling
• Rig assisted snubbing
• Underbalanced drilling
• Expandable liners
• 4D seismic
Studied, but discarded:
• Surfactant injection (pilot)
• Gel blocking (pilot)
• CO2 miscible injection
Under evaluation:
• MIOR (Microbiological IOR)
Water circulation
• Main mechanism for IOR at Gullfaks.
• Done a simulation study with extended
water injection.
• Maximum use of platform capacity for all
phases.
• Residual oil saturation down to 5% from
lab experiments.
• Drilling infill wells, both injectors and
producers.
0,0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1
Water Saturation
Rel
. Per
m.
Krw - Referanse Krw - Sor = 0.2
Kro - ReferanseKro - Sor =0.2
0,00
0,01
0,02
0,03
0,04
0,05
0,06
0,07
0,08
0,09
0,10
0,6 0,65 0,7 0,75 0,8 0,85 0,9 0,95 1
Water Saturation
Rel. P
erm
.
Water circulation, results
• Most important mechanism is the
creeping relative permeability and long
tail production from each well.
• One well has historically produced with oil
rate < 100 Sm³ and wct > 0,9 for 7 years.
• H2S is a problem, but nitrate injection
seems to control it.
• Water production may be an
environmental challenge.
Added use of today’s medicine
gives the highest contribution
to the future recovery.
WCT vs cumulative oil, history and prediction
Drilling history at Gullfaks
• 3 platforms with 42, 42 and 52 slots.
• Started with vertical wells (less than 60 deg) and 6 sub sea wells.
• After 4-5 years drilled horizontal wells.
• Water breakthrough gave sand problems:
– Gravel packed wells, screen,
– Fractured wells with proppants.
• Last 5 years
– Sidetracks.
– Through Tubing Drilling.
– Multilateral incl. DIACS in the well junction.
Sand handling project
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Tid (timer etter bunn opp på ny rate)
01020
3040
506070
8090
100
Sand
i sa
ndfe
lle (g
ram
/tim
e)
Kurve for MSR-testing
Assumption:
Most wells on Gullfaks has sand production. Wells classified after probability for erosion. Allow higher sand production rate in the cases with low erosion risk. Monitoring erosion progress. Started at Gullfaks A in 2003 after a pilot at GFA on 3 wells in 2002. Installed at all 3 platforms in 2004. Both accelerate and increase oil recovery.
•Cumulative gain for ASR in 2003: 216 000 Sm³ which gives a daily rate of around 590 Sm3/d
Shadow area
Seismic acquisition on Gullfaks
Surface seismic 1985, 1996, 1999, 2003
OBS acquired in 2001
OBS acquired In 2003
Based on 4D/4C seismic…
XPotential new well location cancelled
After 1996 survey:
After 1999 survey:
After 2001 survey:
After 2003 survey:
Well B-4A successfully drilled in 1999
Well C-26AT2 drilled in 2003
Well C-15C drilled 2003
Well A-29A successfully drilled in 2003
Well B-15AT4 successfully drilled 2003
Well C-44A successfully drilled early 2001
Well A-21A successfully drilled early 2000
Well B-41A successfully drilled late 2000
Well C-43 under drilling
Well A-46T2 drilled mid-2000
Status 4D
• Based on 4D seismic we have drilled more than 10 wells with success.
• Top Brent (Tarbert), top Etive, top Cook and top Statfjord are the formations
where 4D has been most valuable.
• Ness, Rannoch and lower part of Statfjord is more difficult.
• Have seen 4D effects in areas around injectors were the pressure is significance
higher than initial pressure.
• All wells have hit their target and most of them produced more than expected in
the ‘Recommendation To Drill’.
Flooding map
Structural framework
Sedimentology, detailed stratigraphy
Reservoir description and initial volume
Well position, and perforation levelsProduction, injection
rates, RST and PLT
Top reservoir
OWC OWC
1985
Top reservoir
1999
Time-lapse seismic
Simulation models
Reservoir monitoring and management
Flooding map
Oil producer
Future producer
WAG injector
Water injector
Gas injector
Vannflømmet
Oljefylt
Gasskappe
Usikker vannflømming
Usikker gassflømming
Usikker gassflømming i delvis vannflømmet område
Delvis vannflømmet
Delvis gassflømmet
Delvis vann- og gass-flømmet
Usikker vann- og gass-flømming
A-XX
Prospekt
Usikker gassflømming i vannflømmet område
Delvis gassflømming i vannflømmet område
OljeprodusentVanninjektorGassinjektorVAG injektor
Syklisk prod./gassinj.Mulig injeksjonMulig produksjonØOU mål
3041
3031
3021
3011
3001
2991
2981
2971
2961
2951
2941
2931
2921
2911
2901
2891
2881
2871
2861
2851
2841
2831
2821
2811
2801
2791
2781
2771
2761
2751
2741
2731
2721
2711
2701
2691
2681
2671
2661
2651
2641
2631
2621
2611
2601
2591
2581
2571
2561
2551
2541
2531
2521
2511
2501
2491
2481
2471
2461
2451
2441
2431
2421
2411
2401
2391
2381
2371
2361
2351
2341
2331
2321
2311
2301
2291
2281
2271
2261
2251
2241
2231
2221
2211
2201
2191
2181
2171
2161
2151
2141
2131
2121
2111
2101
2091
2081
2071
3060
3050
3040
3030
3020
3010
3000
2990
2980
2970
2960
2950
2940
2930
2920
2910
2900
2890
2880
2870
2860
2850
2840
2830
2820
2810
2800
2790
2780
2770
2760
2750
2740
2730
2720
2710
2700
2690
2680
2670
2660
2650
2640
2630
2620
2610
2600
2590
2580
2570
2560
2550
2540
2530
2520
2510
2500
2490
2480
2470
2460
2450
2440
2430
2420
2410
2400
2390
2380
2370
2360
2350
2340
2330
2320
0 1 2 Km
1:32500
7
6 0
6
7
07
8
81
0
2
18
01
06
8
0
0
0
08
0
00
91
1
0
1
0
2
9
0
9
1
1
1
40
9
1
1
1
6
1
1
08
91
19
1
20
00
0
2
2
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02
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2
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06
02
60
08
02
8
001
12
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21
20
2
612
12
08
06
03 32
A
B
C
A-181864
A-20
1866
A-20A
1860
A-24
1973
A-24A
1893
A-25
1985A-25A
1921
A-27
1868
A-27A
1898
A-28
1856
A-29
1899
A-32A
1894
A-32B
1826
A-45
1773
B-1
1846
B-12
1946
B-13
1902
B-16
2035
B-18
1981
B-22
1905 B-22A
1882B-23
1811
B-26
1932
B-29
1966
B-29A
2002
B-29BT2
1958
B-3
1867
B-30
1817
B-35
2037
B-36
1878
B-36AT2
1879
B-8
1876
C-171995
C-27(3)
1895
C-36A(2)
1922
C-36AT3(3)
1912
C-36AT3(2)
1923
5
1871
B-41A
1912
A-111771
A-12
1778
A-15
1851
A-161789
A-16A1791
A-19
1772
A-21A
1864
A-22
1787
A-23
1810
A-26
1778
A-301771
A-31
1790
A-33
1777
A-42(1)
1821
A-42(2)
1856
A-44
1782
A-6A
1771
A-8
1780
A-9H
1820
B-13AT2
1860
B-14
1839
B-14A
1845
B-15
1822
B-15T2
1820
B-17
1851
B-20
1832
B-21
1816
B-23(1)
1809
B-24(1)
1850
B-28(2)
1880
B-32
1795
B-34
1798
B-4A
1785
B-5AT21809
B-6
1801
B-9
1830
C-10
1878
C-15A(4)
1826
C-15A(3)
1825
C-15AT21827
C-27(2)1861
C-30(2)1803
C-31
1822
C-36A(3)
1907
C-38
1852
3
1867
34
1972
8
1797
B-21A
1818
B-41T3
1919
B-41A
1921
C-44
1889
C-44A
1894
A-21(F)
A-32(F)
A-42(F)
A-45(F)
A-7A(F)
B-29B(F1)
B-29BT2(F1)B-29BT3(F2)
B-29BT3(F1)
B-29BT3(F4)
B-29BT3(F3)
C-36(F)
C-36A(F)C-36AT3(F)
6(F)
A-1H
1756
A-17
1778A-17AT21788
A-2AH
1753
A-34/A
1752
A-35
1813
A-36
1745
A-39
1765
A-39A
1764
A-39A(2)1760
A-39A(3)1761
A-4H
1749
A-41
1808
B-10
1772B-10A
1765
B-19
1794
B-19A
1798
B-19T2
1799
B-25
1756
B-31(2)
1790
B-38
1758
B-39T2
1758
B-5
1810
B-7
1774
C-111791
C-12
1773
C-22
1800
C-23(5)
1938
C-26
1817
C-28
1777
C-35
1767
C-38
1924
C-5
1761
41795
B-4
1767
C-19(2)
1971
C-30
1783
A-41A
1792
A-10
1761
A-13
1783
A-14
1779
A-38
1765
A-3H
1758
A-5H
1762
B-11
1821
B-2
1806
B-271857
B-28
1836
B-33
1789
B-5
1810
C-15
1814
C-15A1824
C-15A
1814
C-19
1858
19121905
19101915
C-23
1853
C-23(2)
1860
C-23(3)
1867
C-23(4)
1879
C-23A
1855
C-25
1842
C-27
1823
C-3
1804
C-33
1835
C-38(2)
1951
1
1757
14
1889
9
1808
D3
D5
E1
E2
E3
E4
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
H1
H2
H4
H5
H6A
H6B
H7
I1
I2A
I2C
I3B
I4
I5A
I5B
U1
D4B
D4A
H3
A
B
C
B-35
B-16
B-12
B-17
B-9
B-21B
B-13AT2
A-23
A-16A
A-32B
A-8R2
A-28
A-29A-24A
A-22
A-46T2
A-15
A-30
A-21A
A-27A
A-25A
A-31
A-26
A-19
A-11A-20A
PBTE41
B-29BT3
PBTD31
B-29BT3
B-29BT3
PATF31
A-42
PATD11
PATE11
PBTF71
PBTD41
PBTG62
A-7A
PBTG63
34/10 GullfaksVann og gassflømming i Tarbertformasjonen
Topp Tarbert dybdekart
B-24
B-37 (F)
A-33
A-6A
B-4A
B-6
B-34
B-23 (1)
B-23 (3)
B-36AT2
B-1
B-3
B-30
B-15
B-32
B-20
PBTH53 C-30 (2)
C-31
B-14AB-26
B-18
C-27 (2)
C-27 (3)
B-41A
PCTH63
C-17
C-44A
Vannflømmet
Oljefylt
Gasskappe
Usikker vannflømming
Usikker gassflømming
Usikker gassflømming i delvis vannflømmet område
Delvis vannflømmet
Delvis gassflømmet
Delvis vann- og gass-flømmet
Usikker vann- og gass-flømming
A-XX
Prospekt
Usikker gassflømming i vannflømmet område
Delvis gassflømming i vannflømmet område
OljeprodusentVanninjektorGassinjektorVAG injektor
Syklisk prod./gassinj.Mulig injeksjonMulig produksjonØOU mål
3041
3031
3021
3011
3001
2991
2981
2971
2961
2951
2941
2931
2921
2911
2901
2891
2881
2871
2861
2851
2841
2831
2821
2811
2801
2791
2781
2771
2761
2751
2741
2731
2721
2711
2701
2691
2681
2671
2661
2651
2641
2631
2621
2611
2601
2591
2581
2571
2561
2551
2541
2531
2521
2511
2501
2491
2481
2471
2461
2451
2441
2431
2421
2411
2401
2391
2381
2371
2361
2351
2341
2331
2321
2311
2301
2291
2281
2271
2261
2251
2241
2231
2221
2211
2201
2191
2181
2171
2161
2151
2141
2131
2121
2111
2101
2091
2081
2071
3060
3050
3040
3030
3020
3010
3000
2990
2980
2970
2960
2950
2940
2930
2920
2910
2900
2890
2880
2870
2860
2850
2840
2830
2820
2810
2800
2790
2780
2770
2760
2750
2740
2730
2720
2710
2700
2690
2680
2670
2660
2650
2640
2630
2620
2610
2600
2590
2580
2570
2560
2550
2540
2530
2520
2510
2500
2490
2480
2470
2460
2450
2440
2430
2420
2410
2400
2390
2380
2370
2360
2350
2340
2330
2320
0 1 2 Km
1:32500
7
6 0
6
7
07
8
81
0
2
18
01
06
8
0
0
0
08
0
00
91
1
0
1
0
2
9
0
9
1
1
1
40
9
1
1
1
6
1
1
08
91
19
1
20
00
0
2
2
0
02
2
2
0
2
2
04
0
0
06
02
60
08
02
8
001
12
0
0
21
20
2
612
12
08
06
03 32
A
B
C
A-181864
A-20
1866
A-20A
1860
A-24
1973
A-24A
1893
A-25
1985A-25A
1921
A-27
1868
A-27A
1898
A-28
1856
A-29
1899
A-32A
1894
A-32B
1826
A-45
1773
B-1
1846
B-12
1946
B-13
1902
B-16
2035
B-18
1981
B-22
1905 B-22A
1882B-23
1811
B-26
1932
B-29
1966
B-29A
2002
B-29BT2
1958
B-3
1867
B-30
1817
B-35
2037
B-36
1878
B-36AT2
1879
B-8
1876
C-171995
C-27(3)
1895
C-36A(2)
1922
C-36AT3(3)
1912
C-36AT3(2)
1923
5
1871
B-41A
1912
A-111771
A-12
1778
A-15
1851
A-161789
A-16A1791
A-19
1772
A-21A
1864
A-22
1787
A-23
1810
A-26
1778
A-301771
A-31
1790
A-33
1777
A-42(1)
1821
A-42(2)
1856
A-44
1782
A-6A
1771
A-8
1780
A-9H
1820
B-13AT2
1860
B-14
1839
B-14A
1845
B-15
1822
B-15T2
1820
B-17
1851
B-20
1832
B-21
1816
B-23(1)
1809
B-24(1)
1850
B-28(2)
1880
B-32
1795
B-34
1798
B-4A
1785
B-5AT21809
B-6
1801
B-9
1830
C-10
1878
C-15A(4)
1826
C-15A(3)
1825
C-15AT21827
C-27(2)1861
C-30(2)1803
C-31
1822
C-36A(3)
1907
C-38
1852
3
1867
34
1972
8
1797
B-21A
1818
B-41T3
1919
B-41A
1921
C-44
1889
C-44A
1894
A-21(F)
A-32(F)
A-42(F)
A-45(F)
A-7A(F)
B-29B(F1)
B-29BT2(F1)B-29BT3(F2)
B-29BT3(F1)
B-29BT3(F4)
B-29BT3(F3)
C-36(F)
C-36A(F)C-36AT3(F)
6(F)
A-1H
1756
A-17
1778A-17AT21788
A-2AH
1753
A-34/A
1752
A-35
1813
A-36
1745
A-39
1765
A-39A
1764
A-39A(2)1760
A-39A(3)1761
A-4H
1749
A-41
1808
B-10
1772B-10A
1765
B-19
1794
B-19A
1798
B-19T2
1799
B-25
1756
B-31(2)
1790
B-38
1758
B-39T2
1758
B-5
1810
B-7
1774
C-111791
C-12
1773
C-22
1800
C-23(5)
1938
C-26
1817
C-28
1777
C-35
1767
C-38
1924
C-5
1761
41795
B-4
1767
C-19(2)
1971
C-30
1783
A-41A
1792
A-10
1761
A-13
1783
A-14
1779
A-38
1765
A-3H
1758
A-5H
1762
B-11
1821
B-2
1806
B-271857
B-28
1836
B-33
1789
B-5
1810
C-15
1814
C-15A1824
C-15A
1814
C-19
1858
19121905
19101915
C-23
1853
C-23(2)
1860
C-23(3)
1867
C-23(4)
1879
C-23A
1855
C-25
1842
C-27
1823
C-3
1804
C-33
1835
C-38(2)
1951
1
1757
14
1889
9
1808
D3
D5
E1
E2
E3
E4
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
H1
H2
H4
H5
H6A
H6B
H7
I1
I2A
I2C
I3B
I4
I5A
I5B
U1
D4B
D4A
H3
A
B
C
B-35
B-16
B-12
B-17
B-9
B-21B
B-13AT2
A-23
A-16A
A-32B
A-8R2
A-28
A-29A-24A
A-22
A-46T2
A-15
A-30
A-21A
A-27A
A-25A
A-31
A-26
A-19
A-11A-20A
PBTE41
B-29BT3
PBTD31
B-29BT3
B-29BT3
PATF31
A-42
PATD11
PATE11
PBTF71
PBTD41
PBTG62
A-7A
PBTG63
34/10 GullfaksVann og gassflømming i Tarbertformasjonen
Topp Tarbert dybdekart
B-24
Vannflømmet
Oljefylt
Gasskappe
Usikker vannflømming
Usikker gassflømming
Usikker gassflømming i delvis vannflømmet område
Delvis vannflømmet
Delvis gassflømmet
Delvis vann- og gass-flømmet
Usikker vann- og gass-flømming
A-XX
Prospekt
Usikker gassflømming i vannflømmet område
Delvis gassflømming i vannflømmet område
OljeprodusentVanninjektorGassinjektorVAG injektor
Syklisk prod./gassinj.Mulig injeksjonMulig produksjonØOU mål
3041
3031
3021
3011
3001
2991
2981
2971
2961
2951
2941
2931
2921
2911
2901
2891
2881
2871
2861
2851
2841
2831
2821
2811
2801
2791
2781
2771
2761
2751
2741
2731
2721
2711
2701
2691
2681
2671
2661
2651
2641
2631
2621
2611
2601
2591
2581
2571
2561
2551
2541
2531
2521
2511
2501
2491
2481
2471
2461
2451
2441
2431
2421
2411
2401
2391
2381
2371
2361
2351
2341
2331
2321
2311
2301
2291
2281
2271
2261
2251
2241
2231
2221
2211
2201
2191
2181
2171
2161
2151
2141
2131
2121
2111
2101
2091
2081
2071
3060
3050
3040
3030
3020
3010
3000
2990
2980
2970
2960
2950
2940
2930
2920
2910
2900
2890
2880
2870
2860
2850
2840
2830
2820
2810
2800
2790
2780
2770
2760
2750
2740
2730
2720
2710
2700
2690
2680
2670
2660
2650
2640
2630
2620
2610
2600
2590
2580
2570
2560
2550
2540
2530
2520
2510
2500
2490
2480
2470
2460
2450
2440
2430
2420
2410
2400
2390
2380
2370
2360
2350
2340
2330
2320
0 1 2 Km
1:32500
7
6 0
6
7
07
8
81
0
2
18
01
06
8
0
0
0
08
0
00
91
1
0
1
0
2
9
0
9
1
1
1
40
9
1
1
1
6
1
1
08
91
19
1
20
00
0
2
2
0
02
2
2
0
2
2
04
0
0
06
02
60
08
02
8
001
12
0
0
21
20
2
612
12
08
06
03 32
A
B
C
A-181864
A-20
1866
A-20A
1860
A-24
1973
A-24A
1893
A-25
1985A-25A
1921
A-27
1868
A-27A
1898
A-28
1856
A-29
1899
A-32A
1894
A-32B
1826
A-45
1773
B-1
1846
B-12
1946
B-13
1902
B-16
2035
B-18
1981
B-22
1905 B-22A
1882B-23
1811
B-26
1932
B-29
1966
B-29A
2002
B-29BT2
1958
B-3
1867
B-30
1817
B-35
2037
B-36
1878
B-36AT2
1879
B-8
1876
C-171995
C-27(3)
1895
C-36A(2)
1922
C-36AT3(3)
1912
C-36AT3(2)
1923
5
1871
B-41A
1912
A-111771
A-12
1778
A-15
1851
A-161789
A-16A1791
A-19
1772
A-21A
1864
A-22
1787
A-23
1810
A-26
1778
A-301771
A-31
1790
A-33
1777
A-42(1)
1821
A-42(2)
1856
A-44
1782
A-6A
1771
A-8
1780
A-9H
1820
B-13AT2
1860
B-14
1839
B-14A
1845
B-15
1822
B-15T2
1820
B-17
1851
B-20
1832
B-21
1816
B-23(1)
1809
B-24(1)
1850
B-28(2)
1880
B-32
1795
B-34
1798
B-4A
1785
B-5AT21809
B-6
1801
B-9
1830
C-10
1878
C-15A(4)
1826
C-15A(3)
1825
C-15AT21827
C-27(2)1861
C-30(2)1803
C-31
1822
C-36A(3)
1907
C-38
1852
3
1867
34
1972
8
1797
B-21A
1818
B-41T3
1919
B-41A
1921
C-44
1889
C-44A
1894
A-21(F)
A-32(F)
A-42(F)
A-45(F)
A-7A(F)
B-29B(F1)
B-29BT2(F1)B-29BT3(F2)
B-29BT3(F1)
B-29BT3(F4)
B-29BT3(F3)
C-36(F)
C-36A(F)C-36AT3(F)
6(F)
A-1H
1756
A-17
1778A-17AT21788
A-2AH
1753
A-34/A
1752
A-35
1813
A-36
1745
A-39
1765
A-39A
1764
A-39A(2)1760
A-39A(3)1761
A-4H
1749
A-41
1808
B-10
1772B-10A
1765
B-19
1794
B-19A
1798
B-19T2
1799
B-25
1756
B-31(2)
1790
B-38
1758
B-39T2
1758
B-5
1810
B-7
1774
C-111791
C-12
1773
C-22
1800
C-23(5)
1938
C-26
1817
C-28
1777
C-35
1767
C-38
1924
C-5
1761
41795
B-4
1767
C-19(2)
1971
C-30
1783
A-41A
1792
A-10
1761
A-13
1783
A-14
1779
A-38
1765
A-3H
1758
A-5H
1762
B-11
1821
B-2
1806
B-271857
B-28
1836
B-33
1789
B-5
1810
C-15
1814
C-15A1824
C-15A
1814
C-19
1858
19121905
19101915
C-23
1853
C-23(2)
1860
C-23(3)
1867
C-23(4)
1879
C-23A
1855
C-25
1842
C-27
1823
C-3
1804
C-33
1835
C-38(2)
1951
1
1757
14
1889
9
1808
D3
D5
E1
E2
E3
E4
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
H1
H2
H4
H5
H6A
H6B
H7
I1
I2A
I2C
I3B
I4
I5A
I5B
U1
D4B
D4A
H3
A
B
C
3041
3031
3021
3011
3001
2991
2981
2971
2961
2951
2941
2931
2921
2911
2901
2891
2881
2871
2861
2851
2841
2831
2821
2811
2801
2791
2781
2771
2761
2751
2741
2731
2721
2711
2701
2691
2681
2671
2661
2651
2641
2631
2621
2611
2601
2591
2581
2571
2561
2551
2541
2531
2521
2511
2501
2491
2481
2471
2461
2451
2441
2431
2421
2411
2401
2391
2381
2371
2361
2351
2341
2331
2321
2311
2301
2291
2281
2271
2261
2251
2241
2231
2221
2211
2201
2191
2181
2171
2161
2151
2141
2131
2121
2111
2101
2091
2081
2071
3060
3050
3040
3030
3020
3010
3000
2990
2980
2970
2960
2950
2940
2930
2920
2910
2900
2890
2880
2870
2860
2850
2840
2830
2820
2810
2800
2790
2780
2770
2760
2750
2740
2730
2720
2710
2700
2690
2680
2670
2660
2650
2640
2630
2620
2610
2600
2590
2580
2570
2560
2550
2540
2530
2520
2510
2500
2490
2480
2470
2460
2450
2440
2430
2420
2410
2400
2390
2380
2370
2360
2350
2340
2330
2320
0 1 2 Km
1:32500
7
6 0
6
7
07
8
81
0
2
18
01
06
8
0
0
0
08
0
00
91
1
0
1
0
2
9
0
9
1
1
1
40
9
1
1
1
6
1
1
08
91
19
1
20
00
0
2
2
0
02
2
2
0
2
2
04
0
0
06
02
60
08
02
8
001
12
0
0
21
20
2
612
12
08
06
03 32
A
B
C
A-181864
A-20
1866
A-20A
1860
A-24
1973
A-24A
1893
A-25
1985A-25A
1921
A-27
1868
A-27A
1898
A-28
1856
A-29
1899
A-32A
1894
A-32B
1826
A-45
1773
B-1
1846
B-12
1946
B-13
1902
B-16
2035
B-18
1981
B-22
1905 B-22A
1882B-23
1811
B-26
1932
B-29
1966
B-29A
2002
B-29BT2
1958
B-3
1867
B-30
1817
B-35
2037
B-36
1878
B-36AT2
1879
B-8
1876
C-171995
C-27(3)
1895
C-36A(2)
1922
C-36AT3(3)
1912
C-36AT3(2)
1923
5
1871
B-41A
1912
A-111771
A-12
1778
A-15
1851
A-161789
A-16A1791
A-19
1772
A-21A
1864
A-22
1787
A-23
1810
A-26
1778
A-301771
A-31
1790
A-33
1777
A-42(1)
1821
A-42(2)
1856
A-44
1782
A-6A
1771
A-8
1780
A-9H
1820
B-13AT2
1860
B-14
1839
B-14A
1845
B-15
1822
B-15T2
1820
B-17
1851
B-20
1832
B-21
1816
B-23(1)
1809
B-24(1)
1850
B-28(2)
1880
B-32
1795
B-34
1798
B-4A
1785
B-5AT21809
B-6
1801
B-9
1830
C-10
1878
C-15A(4)
1826
C-15A(3)
1825
C-15AT21827
C-27(2)1861
C-30(2)1803
C-31
1822
C-36A(3)
1907
C-38
1852
3
1867
34
1972
8
1797
B-21A
1818
B-41T3
1919
B-41A
1921
C-44
1889
C-44A
1894
A-21(F)
A-32(F)
A-42(F)
A-45(F)
A-7A(F)
B-29B(F1)
B-29BT2(F1)B-29BT3(F2)
B-29BT3(F1)
B-29BT3(F4)
B-29BT3(F3)
C-36(F)
C-36A(F)C-36AT3(F)
6(F)
A-1H
1756
A-17
1778A-17AT21788
A-2AH
1753
A-34/A
1752
A-35
1813
A-36
1745
A-39
1765
A-39A
1764
A-39A(2)1760
A-39A(3)1761
A-4H
1749
A-41
1808
B-10
1772B-10A
1765
B-19
1794
B-19A
1798
B-19T2
1799
B-25
1756
B-31(2)
1790
B-38
1758
B-39T2
1758
B-5
1810
B-7
1774
C-111791
C-12
1773
C-22
1800
C-23(5)
1938
C-26
1817
C-28
1777
C-35
1767
C-38
1924
C-5
1761
41795
B-4
1767
C-19(2)
1971
C-30
1783
A-41A
1792
A-10
1761
A-13
1783
A-14
1779
A-38
1765
A-3H
1758
A-5H
1762
B-11
1821
B-2
1806
B-271857
B-28
1836
B-33
1789
B-5
1810
C-15
1814
C-15A1824
C-15A
1814
C-19
1858
19121905
19101915
C-23
1853
C-23(2)
1860
C-23(3)
1867
C-23(4)
1879
C-23A
1855
C-25
1842
C-27
1823
C-3
1804
C-33
1835
C-38(2)
1951
1
1757
14
1889
9
1808
D3
D5
E1
E2
E3
E4
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
H1
H2
H4
H5
H6A
H6B
H7
I1
I2A
I2C
I3B
I4
I5A
I5B
U1
D4B
D4A
H3
A
B
C
B-35
B-16
B-12
B-17
B-9
B-21B
B-13AT2
A-23
A-16A
A-32B
A-8R2
A-28
A-29A-24A
A-22
A-46T2
A-15
A-30
A-21A
A-27A
A-25A
A-31
A-26
A-19
A-11A-20A
PBTE41
B-29BT3
PBTD31
B-29BT3
B-29BT3
PATF31
A-42
PATD11
PATE11
PBTF71
PBTD41
PBTG62
A-7A
PBTG63
34/10 GullfaksVann og gassflømming i Tarbertformasjonen
Topp Tarbert dybdekart
B-24
B-37 (F)
A-33
A-6A
B-4A
B-6
B-34
B-23 (1)
B-23 (3)
B-36AT2
B-1
B-3
B-30
B-15
B-32
B-20
PBTH53 C-30 (2)
C-31
B-14AB-26
B-18
C-27 (2)
C-27 (3)
B-41A
PCTH63
C-17
C-44A
Partly water flooded
Uncertain flooding
Water flooded
Gas flooded or originally in place
Oil filled
Alternative recovery methods
• Surfactant pilot in the early 1990’s. Full field project stopped due to:
– Chemical cost was too high relative too its efficiency.
– Remaining oil saturation after water flooding was lower than expected.
– Surfactant system efficiency was too little robust.
• CO2 MWAG Study last years
– Simulations done on Frontsim and Eclipse 300.
– Potential of 10-20 Mill. Sm³ oil identified.
– Too high cost totally and therefore a none economic project with to days
framework condition.
AMIOR
• Alternative project to reduce residual oil at Gullfaks.
• Add nitrate (doing already due to reduction of H2S), phosphate and oxygen to
the injection water.
• Reducing surface tension between oil and water and thereby mobilize oil.
BACTERIA + OIL + N + P + O2
MOBILISED RESIDUAL OIL ENHANCED SWEEP EFFICIENCY
AMIOR
• Pilot in well A-41B recommend.
• Closed area with steady-state conditions.
• Good reservoir understanding.
• Good spacing between injector and
producer.
• A-36 has an established water cut
growth.
• A-41B is perforated in the oil zone.
Prospects
• A wide range of prospects in the licence.
• Drill from the platforms where possible.
• Use existing infrastructure to produce
from the discoveries.
• Commercial solutions for prospects
across licence boundary.
• Coordinate exploration and production
drilling.
• Combine targets where possible.
Conclusions
• Recovery of 400 mill. Sm³ (app. 70% recovery factor).
• Lengthening the field life time.
• Water circulation is the main IOR method.
• Drilling of new and less expensive wells important.
• Alternative recovery methods may be a substantial part of the future.
• Exploration and third part processing contributes.
• Close collaboration between the different technical disciplines is an important
premise to reach the ambition.
Requirements to moving volumes from resource category 7a and 6 to 5a
Requirements to moving volumes from resource category 7a and 6 to 5a, cont…• Profitable measure• Assumptions regarding this evaluation are given in Appendix B• Likelihood of implementation equal to or greater than 30 %.
A way of calculating the likelihood of implementation is given in Appendix C.
• Prepare plan (studies, eventual technology qualification, manning, budget,) and timing for next phase (when is the right time to proceed). The level of detail of such a plan depends on the size of the project/measure.
• Documentation shall include; – Production effects (all HC phases) in the targeted reservoir(s)– Simple uncertainty estimation for production effects (low-medium-high)– Is the measure competing with other measures (yes/no – which ones)– Evaluate whether the measure has any consequence for process capacities[1] (yes/no – which ones)– Cost(Capex and OPEX) estimate for the measure (class A)– Economical evaluation– Plan and timing of next phase
•[1] If yes; will the measure displace other measures?