Post on 06-Mar-2018
AMERICAN HISTORY:THE EARLY YEARS TO 1877
Guided Reading Activities
New York, New York Columbus, Ohio Mission Hills, California Peoria, Illinois
GLENCOEMcGraw-Hill
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
To the TeacherAmerican History: The Early Years to 1877 Guided Reading Activities provides help for
students who have difficulty comprehending the student text or would benefit from areview of the material. Students fill in missing information in the guided reading outlines,sentence completion activities, or other information organizing exercises as they read thetextbook. By focusing attention on key information and concepts, Guided ReadingActivities enable students to understand and make appropriate connections between thefacts they encounter in the student text.
Customize Your ResourcesNo matter how you organize your teaching resources, Glencoe has what you need.
The Teacher’s Classroom Resources for American History: The Early Years to 1877provides you with a wide variety of supplemental materials to enhance the classroomexperience. These resources appear as individual booklets in a carryall tote box. Thebooklets are designed to open flat so that pages can be easily photocopied withoutremoving them from their booklet. However, if you choose to create separate files, thepages are perforated for easy removal. You may customize these materials using our file folders or tabbed dividers.
The individual booklets and the file management kit supplied in Teacher’s ClassroomResources give you the flexibility to organize these resources in a combination that bestsuits your teaching style. Below are several alternatives:
• Organize all resources by category(all tests, all history themes activities, all cooperative learning activities, etc.,filed separately)
• Organize all resources by category and chapter(all Chapter 1 activities, all Chapter 1 tests, etc.)
• Organize resources sequentially by lesson(activities, quizzes, readings, etc., for Chapter 1, Chapter 2, and so on)
Copyright © 1997 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with American History: The Early Years to 1877. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without prior written permission of the publisher.
Send all inquiries to:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill936 Eastwind DriveWesterville, Ohio 43081
ISBN 0-02-822324-1
Printed in the United States of America
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 DBH 01 00 99 98 97 96
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ iii ★ Guided Reading Activities
Table of ContentsTo the Teacher ............................................................................................................................... ii
Guided Reading Activities
Chapter 11-1 Themes in Geography ....................................................................................................... 11-2 The Tools of Geography .................................................................................................... 21-3 Landscape of the Americas .............................................................................................. 31-4 Climate and Resources ...................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 22-1 The First Americans .......................................................................................................... 52-2 Native American Culture Groups ................................................................................... 62-3 Empires of the South ......................................................................................................... 7
Chapter 33-1 A Changing Europe ........................................................................................................... 83-2 Portugal and the Age of Exploration .............................................................................. 93-3 Columbus Reaches the Americas .................................................................................. 103-4 Early European Claims to the Americas ....................................................................... 11
Chapter 44-1 The Fall of Two Empires ................................................................................................. 124-2 Spain Builds a Vast Empire ............................................................................................ 134-3 French, Dutch, and Swedish Colonies .......................................................................... 14
Chapter 55-1 English Settlers in Virginia ............................................................................................. 155-2 Pilgrims Found Plymouth Colony ................................................................................ 165-3 Settling the New England Colonies .............................................................................. 175-4 Settling the Middle Colonies .......................................................................................... 185-5 Settling the Southern Colonies ....................................................................................... 19
Chapter 66-1 The New England Colonies ............................................................................................ 206-2 The Middle Colonies ....................................................................................................... 216-3 The Southern Colonies .................................................................................................... 226-4 Democracy Takes Root .................................................................................................... 23
Chapter 77-1 An American Way of Life Develops ............................................................................. 247-2 The French and Indian War ............................................................................................ 257-3 Taxes and Boycotts ........................................................................................................... 267-4 On the Brink of War ......................................................................................................... 27
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activities
Chapter 88-1 Declaring Independence ............................................................................................... 288-2 The Colonies at War ...................................................................................................... 298-3 The War Moves South ................................................................................................... 308-4 Victory at Yorktown ....................................................................................................... 31
Chapter 99-1 Forming a Union ............................................................................................................ 329-2 The Confederation Era .................................................................................................. 339-3 The Constitutional Convention ................................................................................... 349-4 A More Perfect Union ................................................................................................... 35
Chapter 1010-1 Establishing the New Government ............................................................................. 3610-2 Dealing With Other Nations ........................................................................................ 3710-3 Political Parties Develop ............................................................................................... 3810-4 Troubled Times for John Adams .................................................................................. 39
Chapter 1111-1 Jefferson Takes Control ................................................................................................. 4011-2 The Louisiana Purchase ................................................................................................ 4111-3 Troubles With France and Britain ................................................................................ 4211-4 The War Hawks .............................................................................................................. 4311-5 The War of 1812 .............................................................................................................. 44
Chapter 1212-1 Industries Take Root ...................................................................................................... 4512-2 Moving West ................................................................................................................... 4612-3 Nationalism and Sectionalism ..................................................................................... 4712-4 Monroe and Foreign Affairs ......................................................................................... 48
Chapter 1313-1 The People’s President .................................................................................................. 4913-2 A New Spirit in the White House ............................................................................... 5013-3 Crisis and Conflict ......................................................................................................... 5113-4 The End of the Jacksonian Era ..................................................................................... 52
Chapter 1414-1 The Oregon Country ..................................................................................................... 5314-2 Texas Independence ...................................................................................................... 5414-3 War With Mexico ........................................................................................................... 5514-4 Spanning a Continent .................................................................................................... 56
Chapter 1515-1 Literature, Art, and Science .......................................................................................... 5715-2 Calls for Widespread Education .................................................................................. 5815-3 Social and Cultural Change .......................................................................................... 5915-4 The Antislavery Movement .......................................................................................... 6015-5 The Women’s Rights Movement ................................................................................. 61
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activities
Guided Reading Activities ★ iv ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Chapter 1616-1 The Changing North ..................................................................................................... 6216-2 Life in the North ............................................................................................................. 6316-3 The Cotton Kingdom ..................................................................................................... 6416-4 Life in the South ............................................................................................................. 65
Chapter 1717-1 Settling Differences ........................................................................................................ 6617-2 Moving Closer to Conflict ............................................................................................ 6717-3 A New Political Party .................................................................................................... 6817-4 Election of 1860 and Secession ..................................................................................... 69
Chapter 1818-1 The War Begins .............................................................................................................. 7018-2 The War in the East ........................................................................................................ 7118-3 The War in the West ....................................................................................................... 7218-4 Behind the Lines ............................................................................................................ 7318-5 Surrender at Appomattox ............................................................................................. 74
Chapter 1919-1 Restoring the Union ...................................................................................................... 7519-2 President and Congress Clash ..................................................................................... 7619-3 The South During Reconstruction ............................................................................... 7719-4 Reconstruction Ends ...................................................................................................... 78
Chapter 2020-1 Westward Expansion ..................................................................................................... 7920-2 New American Industries ............................................................................................ 8020-3 New Immigrants, Modern Cities ................................................................................. 8120-4 Rural and Urban Reforms ............................................................................................ 82
Chapter 2121-1 World I Era ...................................................................................................................... 8321-2 Between Two Wars ........................................................................................................ 8421-3 World War II Era ............................................................................................................ 8521-4 The Cold War Years ....................................................................................................... 8621-5 Toward a New Century ................................................................................................ 87
Answer Key ................................................................................................................................. 88
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activities
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ v ★ Guided Reading Activities
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 1-1
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 1 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Themes in GeographyDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. The five themes in geography are
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo,
and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
2. Geographers use the five themes tomake connections between the
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and
the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and to study how the earth haschanged over time.
3. oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
describes the exact position of a placeon Earth in degrees north or south ofthe Equator and east and west of thePrime Meridian.
4. oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
tells where a place is in relation toother places.
5. Land and water forms, plant andanimal life, soil conditions, and climate
are all ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo features ofa place.
6. People, their ideas, languages, and
religions are all ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooofeatures of a place.
7. Wherever humans have lived ortraveled, they have changed the natural features of the earth, or the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
8. Immigrants coming to our country isan example of the geographic theme
called ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
9. Of all the geographic themes, move-ment has affected our country’s
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo the most.
10. oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
are areas that have something incommon.
11. To describe a region, geographers look
at ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooocharacteristics such as location, size,landforms, climate, soil, and naturalvegetation.
12. To describe a region, geographers also
look at oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooocharacteristics, such as people’slanguage, religion, government, andhistory.
/
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 1-2
Guided Reading Activities ★ 2 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
The Tools of GeographyDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. Globes
A. The only accurate way to draw our
planet is as a oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. Globes show the true ooooooooooooooooooo
and true oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooobetween places.
C. The starting place for measuringlines of latitude, which are also
known as ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
is the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
D. The starting place for measuringlines of longitude, which are also
known as ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
is the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
E. Lines of latitude and longitude
form a grid. oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooare used to identify addresses onthis grid.
F. The names of the hemispheres are
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooo , and oooooooooooooooooo .
II. Map Projections
A. A map is a ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooodrawing of the earth’s surface.
B. In the mid-1500s, the oooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo was developed to solve the problem ofdrawing the curved surface of theearth on a flat map.
C. Most geographers today use the
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo projection.
This projection gives a ooooooooooooooooooview at the northern and southernedges of the map but a true view of most sizes and shapes and direc-tion. It also gives a fairly accuratepicture of the relationship between
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
III. Types of maps
A. Physical maps show ooooooooooooooooooooofeatures.
B. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
maps show traits that people havecreated, such as cities or the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo of statesand countries.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 1-3C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 3 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Landscape of the AmericasDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. The region that is sometimes calledCentral America is actually part ofwhat continent?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. What are the four major landformsthat make up the topography?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. What are the highest, most ruggedlandforms on the earth?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. Which two landforms have flat or
gently rolling land? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. What are the four major types of
bodies of water? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. What is the largest river system in
North America? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. What is the largest river system in
South America? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. What are the eight major physicalregions of the United States?
ooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooo
9. Which islands grew out of volcanoes?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. Which region has the tallest mountains?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. What makes Death Valley one of the outstanding features of the Inter-
mountain Region? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. What area of the Interior Plains formsthe country’s breadbasket?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. Which region is not good for farmingbut has many mines?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
14. Why are the Appalachians lower thanthe Rockies?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
15. What region forms lowlands on the
East coast? oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 1-4
Guided Reading Activities ★ 4 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Climate and ResourcesDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. Climate is the usual weather pattern of
an area over a oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooperiod of time. Weather is the condi-tion of the earth’s atmosphere over a
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
period of time.
2. Two main ingredients in weather are temperature and precipitation.Weather is also affected by latitude, elevation, and mountains.
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo also affect weather.
3. A climate in which citrus fruits and
pineapple grow well is ooooooooooooooooooooo .
4. The only place to find a Mediterraneanclimate in North America is in the state
of ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
5. A moist and rainy climate commonly
found near a coast is oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
6. The climate of a oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooois cool even when it is close to theEquator.
7. The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
is covered in bushes and short grasses.It receives little rainfall.
8. Of all the climate regions, the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo receives theleast rainfall.
9. The lower layers of the tundra are
known as oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooobecause they stay permanently frozen.
10. The humid continental and humidsubtropical climate regions cover
nearly oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
of the United States.
11. Huge forests remain in subarctic
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
12. Minerals, waterways, fish, wildlife,and timber are all examples of
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 2-1C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 5 ★ Guided Reading Activities
The First AmericansDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. What covered the northern half of theworld during the Ice Age?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. How did the first Americans crossfrom northeastern Asia into Alaska?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. What name is given to the first Ameri-cans who both hunted and gathered
food? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. What era ended about 10,000 years
ago? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. What change eventually caused thehunter-gatherers to settle down to livein one place for long periods of time?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. What important grain did the first
farmers grow? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. What are two types of artifacts thatreveal cultures that existed more than10,000 years ago?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. What were the two major NativeAmerican cultures living in the pre-sent-day United States 2,000 years ago?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. For what purpose were mounds built?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. Where did the Adena settle?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. In contrast to the Adena, what did theHopewell rely on for food?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. Which was the most advanced of themound-building cultures?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. At first the Anasazi of the Southwestbuilt their homes on the canyon floor.Where did they build them later?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
14. For what reason did the Anasazi comein contact with Native Americans who lived as far away as Mexico?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 2-2
Guided Reading Activities ★ 6 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Native American Culture GroupsDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks In the space provided, write the word orwords that best complete the sentence. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. There were many different groups ofNative Americans. A nation of NativeAmericans was usually made up ofpeople who spoke the same
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and shared other cultural traits.
2. Religious leaders, called shamans,were thought to be able to communi-
cate with the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
3. Two Native American groups of the
Arctic are the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
4. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo was the most important source of meat for NativeAmericans living in the Subarctic.
5. The people of the Northwest Coast didnot farm because food was so abun-dant. These people used wood to make
large canoes and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
6. Several different culture groups lived in California. For example the
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo lived on thesouthern coast of California and weremaster ocean fishers.
7. In the plateau area, people protectedthemselves from the cold by building
homes that were partly oooooooooooooooooooo .
8. People who lived in the Great Basin
were called ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
because they had to dig in the groundfor most of their food.
9. Like their cliff-dwelling ancestors,most people of the Southwest lived in
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
10. After the people of the Plains acquired
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , theygave up most of their farming andfocused on hunting.
11. The two main culture groups in the Northeast Woodlands were the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
12. To bring an end to bloodshed, Hia-watha urged warring groups to form
the oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
13. Southeast groups hunted and fished.
Most relied heavily on oooooooooooooooooooooo .
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 2-3C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 7 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Empires of the SouthDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. The Maya
A. The Maya were extremely skilled
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
who produced so much food thatthey had plenty to trade.
B. The Maya were also master
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .At the center of most of their cities
were ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
C. The most important people in the
empire were oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo . They studied the sky and developed
two oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooto keep track of time.
D. The Maya developed a system of
writing using ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
II. The Aztec
A. The Aztec built their capital,Tenochtitlán, at the site of present-
day ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. Three large ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooconnected the island capital withthe mainland around the lake.
C. Another engineering accomp-lishment of the Aztec were
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,or channels for flowing water.
D. Wealth flowed into the Aztec
empire from oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
peoples.
E. The Aztec had a rigid social system
with ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooat the top.
III. The Inca
A. Unlike the Aztec, the Inca con-quered many of their subjects by
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
means.
B. The Incan ruler governed from the
capital city of ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
C. The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooowned all the food that was grown.
D. The government used the labor ofthe people to build a large system
of oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 3-1
Guided Reading Activities ★ 8 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
A Changing EuropeDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks In the space provided, write the word orwords that best complete the sentence. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. Trader and sailor ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
convinced other Norse to go to theNorth American coast.
2. The Norse called their settlement
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
3. Written evidence of the Norse journeysexists only in Norse legends
known as oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
4. The fall of the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
in 476 marked the beginning of theMiddle Ages.
5. Landowners called oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ruled their lands, called oooooooooooooooooooo ,like kingdoms.
6. As part of the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooosystem, small farmers and landownersturned over all their land to a feudal
lord in exchange for ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
7. Beginning around the year 1000, manyworkers who had been tied to themanors began to long for
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
8. The growth of towns began the fall ofthe feudal system. The disaster thatbroke down the last of the feudal
system was called the oooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
9. Life in towns caused the growth of a
new ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo class.
10. Around 1071 the Catholic Churchcalled for warriors to free Palestine, or
the oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo
from the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
11. New knowledge and goods returned
to Europe with the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
12. Starting in the 1200s, new countries
began to form, such as ooooooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , and others.
13. The Renaissance was a time of
creativity. Artists such as oooooooooooooooooooo
and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo created
paintings. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
produced many great poems and plays.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 3-2C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 9 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Portugal and the Age of ExplorationDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: Prince Henry of Portugal wasaffected by the Renaissance search forknowledge. He also wanted to spreadthe Catholic faith.
1. Detail: Prince Henry wanted to find
an ocean route around ooooooooooooooooooooo
to ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
2. Detail: He also wanted to locate thesource of the gold that came from
lands far south in oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
3. Detail: To accomplish his goals, PrinceHenry realized that sailors needed toknow more about
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , or the science of piloting ships.
4. Detail: Prince Henry helped
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooolead the rest of Europe into the Age ofExploration.
Main Idea: During Europe’s Middle Ages,three large kingdoms controlled traderoutes that ran from North Africa tothe West African coast.
5. Detail: The people of ooooooooooooooooooooootraded gold, salt, dates, and ivory.
6. Detail: The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooootrading city of Timbuktu became aleading center of Islamic culture.
7. Detail: The largest of the three
empires, oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , grew rich from trade in gold and ivory.
Main Idea: Portugal’s search for richesaffected Africa and Africans.
8. Detail: The Portuguese named three coastal areas of Africa:
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
9. Detail: The Portuguese capturedAfricans and sold them. An
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
is forced to serve another person inways decided by a slaveholder.
Main Idea: Portuguese navigators contin-ued to seek a route around Africa thatwould lead to Asia.
10. Detail: Explorer ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooorounded the southern tip of Africa;The king of Portugal named this tip the
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
11. Detail: Explorer ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooorounded Africa and crossed the IndianOcean. He landed on the west coast of
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 3-3
Guided Reading Activities ★ 10 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Columbus Reaches the AmericasDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. Who wrote the Description of the Worldthat formed the basis of ChristopherColumbus’s geography?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. What island group attractedColumbus’s attention?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. Who taught Columbus sailing skillsand theories about geography?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. What country refused to finance awestward voyage toward Asia byColumbus?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. What country refused Columbus’srequests at first but eventually sup-plied his voyage?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. Where did Columbus and his crewfirst arrive and claim land?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. Where did Columbus believe he hadlanded?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. What group of island people didColumbus meet?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. What two additional islands did
Columbus explore? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. When Columbus returned to Spain,what interested the Spanish monarchsmost about Columbus’s reports?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. How many return voyages didColumbus make to the Americas?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. What was the name of the first perma-nent European colony in the WesternHemisphere?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. What did the Italian explorer AmerigoVespucci claim to have discovered?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
14. Where did the name America firstappear?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 3-4C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 11 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Early European Claims to the AmericasDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. Spain Conquers the Caribbean
A. The first workers on Spanish
plantations were oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. When the Spanish needed more
workers, they brought oooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo to the islands.
C. A priest who asked the Spanishgovernment to help the Native
Americans was oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
II. Balboa and the Pacific/Magellan SailsAround the World
A. Vasco Núñez de Balboa and hismen crossed a narrow strip of land
called the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. Although Ferdinand Magellan was
not the first to see the ooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , he named it.
C. On his voyage around the world,Magellan’s final stop was the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo . Only 18 of the original 241-personcrew completed the trip.
III. The English Sail West
A. Like Columbus, John Cabotassumed he had reached Asia, buthe actually landed off the coast of
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,in what is present-day
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. What happened to the captain,
ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo , is still a mystery.
C. His voyages, however, gave
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo its first claim toland in North America.
IV. The French and the NorthwestPassage
A. While searching for the Northwest
Passage, oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooobecame the first European to sailinto the harbor of present-day NewYork City.
B. Jacques Cartier claimed present-
day ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooofor France.
C. The ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooowere not interested in a NorthwestPassage and continued to explorein the South.
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 4-1
Guided Reading Activities ★ 12 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
The Fall of Two EmpiresDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read thesection and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. Who was the Aztec emperor?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. What god did Montezuma believemight have come to reclaim his
throne? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. What did Hernán Cortés tell Monte-zuma’s messengers that he wanted?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. Who served as interpreter for Cortés?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. What languages did Cortés’s
interpreter use? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. When did Cortés and his allies arrive
at Tenochtitlán? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. Whom did the Spaniards immediatelytake as prisoner?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. When did the Aztec unite and drivethe Spaniards from Tenochtitlán?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. What caused the deaths of manyAztec?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. Where was Mexico City built?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. Who led the attack against the Inca?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. Whom did the Spaniards take captive?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. What promise did Francisco Pizarrobreak?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
14. Where did Pizarro set up his capital?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
15. Why did Pizarro send out expeditionsfrom his newly established capital?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 4-2C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 13 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Spain Builds a Vast EmpireDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks In the space provided, write the word orwords that best complete the sentence. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. The friars’ influence over HernánCortés was just one sign that
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo played animportant role as Spain continued tostrengthen and enlarge its empire inthe Americas.
2. Spain divided its empire into two
parts, the southern part was called
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
and the northern part— oooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
3. Each part of Spain’s empire was put in
charge of a oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
4. Spanish law called for three types ofsettlements in the Americas:
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
5. The highest positions in Spanishcolonial society were held by
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
6. People who had Spanish parents buthad been born in New Spain were
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
7. People of mixed Spanish and Native
American descent were oooooooooooooooooooo .
8. Although Spain passed laws to end
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
in 1542, they were hard to enforce.
9. The oldest city in the United States
started by Europeans is oooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
10. Two survivors of the lost Spanish expe-dition through the borderlands were
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
11. ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo
who organized a large expedition tofind the Seven Cities of Cibola,explored much of the present-daysouthwestern United States.
12. Another explorer in search of gold was
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , who traveled to large parts of present-day southeastern United States.
13. Spain set up hundreds of oooooooooooooooooo .
Some oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooenjoyed the benefits they provided, butothers rebelled against them.
14. Native Americans were expected to
accept the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
faith, practice Spanish customs, andwork at the missions.
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 4-3
Guided Reading Activities ★ 14 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
French, Dutch, and Swedish ColoniesDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. Establishing New France
A. On the lands that had been first
explored by oooooooooooooo oooooooooooooo , French fur companies sent
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo
and others.
B. Unlike the Spanish, French settlers
tried to ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooNative American ways.
C. The economy of New France was
based on the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
D. Traders sent ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , otter, and fox skins back to France.
II. Exploring the Mississippi
A. The Mississippi was explored by
ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo and
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. Robert de La Salle claimed all the
lands of the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo for France.
C. He named it ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
for the French king.
III. Attracting French Settlers
A. To encourage settlement, King
Louis XIV set up a ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. A network of forts connected
Canada with ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooand French claims along the
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo River.
IV. Arrival of the Dutch and Swedes
A. The Dutch established the settle-
ment of ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
on Manhattan Island.
B. Sweden settled an area just southof New Netherland that they called
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
C. The Dutch in New Amsterdamwere troubled by the presence of
New Sweden because oooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 5-1C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 15 ★ Guided Reading Activities
English Settlers in VirginiaDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. When sailors from England came toRoanoke Island in 1590, they foundthat the colonists left there two yearsbefore had
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
2. As a way of sharing the costs of start-ing a colony, what two companies didEnglish merchants form?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. Who actually paid the costs of
settlement? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. After whom did the first colonists inVirginia name their settlement and the river that led to it?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. As English “gentlemen” the Jamestowncolonists did not have the practical
skills they needed for ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
6. Who took charge of the troubledJamestown settlement?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. Who supplied the corn and freshwaterthat helped the colony survive?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. What crop made the economy of thecolony successful?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. How did planters treat the firstAfricans brought to America?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. What group sailed into Jamestown in
1620? ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. The Native Americans mistrusted theEnglish. What else did NativeAmericans resent?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. Who first granted colonists a voice inrunning the colony’s government?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. When King James I took back theVirginia Company of London’s charter,
who controlled Virginia? oooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 5-2
Guided Reading Activities ★ 16 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Pilgrims Found Plymouth ColonyDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read thesection and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. What did both the Puritans and theSeparatists have strong feelings about?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. How did the Puritans differ from theSeparatists concerning religion?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. Where in Europe did the Separatistsseek religious tolerance?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. What name did groups of Separatistswho moved for the sake of religioustolerance call themselves?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. Where were the Separatists grantedpermission to set up a colony?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. Who arranged financial backing andfound a seaworthy ship for the
Pilgrims? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. Why did Pilgrim leaders decide towrite the Mayflower Compact?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. Where did the Pilgrims settle?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. What brought hardship and death tothe Plymouth Colony?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. What Native American group helpedthe English?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. What Native American taught theEnglish to hunt, to plant corn, and tofish?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. When was the first Thanksgivingheld?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 5-3C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 17 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Settling the New England ColoniesDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. The year oooooooooooooooooooooooooo marked thebeginning of the Great Migration.
2. Because Charles I despised the
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , they petitionedfor a colony and formed the
oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo .
3. John Winthrop called the colony
“a ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo” becauseit was to be a model for the world.
4. The colony’s capital was
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
5. The first General Court, which made
the laws, included only oooooooooooooooooooooowho were investors, but later all adultfreemen were included if they were
oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
6. The Puritans sought freedom of reli-gion, but they did not believe in
religious ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
for others.
7. Roger Williams belived in separation
of ooooooooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooooooooooo ,which became a basic principle ofAmerican government.
8. Banished from the Massachusetts BayColony, Williams spent a winter with
the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
9. He bought land from them for a
a community called ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
10. Williams accepted everyone into hiscommunity. Nearby towns eventuallyjoined, and started the colony of
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
11. Others left Massachusetts Bay and
settled the oooooooooooooooooooooo River valley.
12. oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
had a government plan called theFundamental Orders of Connecticut.
13. In 1622 John Mason and Sir FernandoGorges receive a land grant in the area
that is today oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
14. Because the English pushed the
oooooooooooooooooo in Connecticut from theirland, violence arose.
15. The Wampanoag chief ooooooooooooooooooooooo
joined with allies to make a war. It came to an end with his
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 5-4
Guided Reading Activities ★ 18 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Settling the Middle ColoniesDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: The Dutch West TradingCompany set up a colony in NorthAmerica.
1. Detail: It was located in territory that
had been explored by oooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and claimed for
the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
2. Detail: The center of the Dutch colony
was ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: The Dutch West IndiaCompany wanted to attract settlers toits colony and protect its trade.
3. Detail: The company gave huge tracts
of ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooto anyone who would bring 50 newsettlers to New Amsterdam.
4. Detail: The Dutch governor ooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , seized the colony
of ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooobecause it was a trade rival.
Main Idea: Changes in England causedchanges in North America.
5. Detail: Charles II realized that only
the colony of oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo kept Englandfrom holding all of the Atlantic coast.
6. Detail: He sent his brother James,
Duke of oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , to seize the Dutch colony.
7. Detail: The territory was renamed
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
for the king’s brother.
Main Idea: Other Middle Colonies formed.
8. Detail: The Duke of York gave awayland between the Hudson and
Delaware Rivers. It became oooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
9. Detail: oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo became ahome for the Quakers.
Main Idea: William Penn, a champion oftolerance for all, influenced the devel-opment of two colonies.
10. Detail: Penn named his new colony in
honor of ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo .
11. Detail: Penn’s plan of government
was based on ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
12. Detail: Penn governed three lowercounties along the Delaware River thateventually formed the colony of
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 5-5C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 19 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Settling the Southern ColoniesDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. Maryland, a Religious Refuge
A. Lord Baltimore wanted to establisha colony where he and otherpeople could safely practice
ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. Lord Baltimore was granted acharter for the colony of
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
C. To protect both the Catholics andthe Protestants who outnumbered
them, ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo
issued the Toleration Act in 1649.
II. The Two Carolinas
A. King Charles II granted oooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo nobles piecesof land that came to be called
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. The northern part was settledmostly by people from
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .They settled on farmland andmade a profit on products from the
thick oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .
C. Settlers from the West Indies,England, and other parts of Europesettled the southern part andfounded the major city of
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Settlers from the West Indies intro-
duced the growing of ooooooooooooooooo ,a plant that produces a blue dye.
Some settlers grew oooooooooooooooooooooooon plantations.
III. Georgia, a Colony for the Poor
A. The colony of Georgia was founded
by oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. He wanted to help people who had
landed in ooooooooooooooooooooooooo prison.
C. The king, however, wanted the
colony to be a ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooobetween South Carolina andSpanish Florida.
D. The colony of Georgia was named
in honor of oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 6-1
Guided Reading Activities ★ 20 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
The New England ColoniesDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: New Englanders made theirliving in many ways—not just byfarming.
1. Detail: Because of poor oooooooooooooooooooooand a short growing season, NewEnglanders generally produced only
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo crop per season.
2. Detail: New Englanders caught
enough fish to be able to ooooooooooooooooo it.
3. Detail: Nantucket and other com-munities became centers of the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo industry.
4. Detail: Forest resources helped NewEngland become a center of
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
5. Detail: By 1740 Boston was the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
city in the colonies.
6. Detail: Three stops on the triangulartrade routes were the West Indies, New
England, and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
7. Detail: On the final leg of the route,
the ships carried oooooooooooooooooooooooooo tothe planters in the West Indies.
Main Idea: New Englanders valuededucation.
8. Detail: Children could be seen reading from a shared book at
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
9. Detail: The first public school system
was set up under the ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
10. Detail: The first college in the
colonies, ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , was in New England.
Main Idea: The town, the family, and reli-gion were central to New Englandcommunity life.
11. Detail: Another name for a church
was the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
12. Detail: The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo wasimportant in New England; manywere close and devoted to each other.
13. Detail: The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
was a high point of the week.
14. Detail: The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
was held to deal with communityproblems and other issues.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 6-2C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 21 ★ Guided Reading Activities
The Middle ColoniesDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks In the space provided, write the word orwords that best complete the sentence. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. The people in the Middle Colonies
were more ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
in background than those in NewEngland.
2. Cash crops included oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and other grains, and beef and
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
3. Because they produced so much grain,the Middle Colonies became known as
the “ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .”
4. Two key port cities were ooooooooooooooooooooo
and ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
5. In New York State tenant farmersworked the lands of wealthy
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
6. An upper class of wealthy oooooooooooooooooofamilies grew up in New York andPhiladelphia.
7. The two largest cities in the Middle
Colonies were ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and
oooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo .
A third city, ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , grew quickly.
8. Most people belonged to one of several
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo denominations.
A minority were oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo or ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
9. The German custom of ooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooo along with sheepshearing,
cornhusking, and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooowere events that settlers often shared.
10. Children in the Middle Colonies wereeducated by private tutors, or at
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
schools or charity schools.
11. In the 1600s the frontier of the MiddleColonies was the eastern foothills of
the oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
12. Frontier families developed a spirit of
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo becauseof the common dangers and hardshipsthey faced.
13. Unlike in the cities, few oooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooo distinctions were common inthe frontier.
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 6-3
Guided Reading Activities ★ 22 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
The Southern ColoniesDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. An Agricultural Economy
A. Farmers in the Southern Colonies
grew three cash crops: oooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , and
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. Using the Potomac, James, and
York Rivers, oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
farmers shipped their crop down-stream to the coast and thendirectly to England. For this reasonSouthern Colonies had fewer
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo cities than NewEngland and the Middle Colonieshad.
C. Planters used the swampy coastal
lands near the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo for growing rice.
D. The ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo cropbecame an important second cropfor Carolina planters.
II. The African Population
A. The Middle Passage was the route
between oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. Under the slave codes enslaved people were regarded as
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
C. Rebellions and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooby the enslaved people occurredboth on slave ships and onplantations.
D. Some enslaved Africans became
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo ,such as carpenters or seamstresses.
E. Eventually a few slaveholders gave
trusted servants their ooooooooooooooooooo .
III. The Southern Plantation
A. The wealthy upper class in the
South consisted of oooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooo , who developed theirown way of life on their plantations.
B. A plantation often consisted of a
family mansion called the oooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
C. With so many workers, oooooooooooooooooplantations tended to be
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 6-4C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 23 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Democracy Takes RootDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. How did Charles II change the chartersof Massachusetts and New
Hampshire? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. What areas did James II try to unite asthe Dominion of New England?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
and oooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. Who served as the dominion’s
governor? ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. Who came to power during the
Glorious Revolution? ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. What kind of action did Nathaniel
Bacon lead? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. Whom did Bacon’s volunteers fight
later? oooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. What did the first of the Navigation
Acts say? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. According to the Navigation Acts,what was the only country in whichthe colonists could sell some of theirgoods, including tobacco, cotton, and
indigo? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. What two rights did the colonists haveas English citizens that they would nothave had as citizens of most European
countries? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. Most colonial governments had anappointed governor. What other gov-ernment body did they have?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. What were four requirements for voting in most colonies?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 7-1
Guided Reading Activities ★ 24 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
An American Way of Life DevelopsDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks In the space provided, write the word orwords that best complete the sentence. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. In Great Britain social standing wasbased on family and tradition; in the
colonies, it depended on oooooooooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
2. Because colonists could move from one class to another, lower classes
could improve their ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooo . Only oooooooooooooooooooooo
did not enjoy social mobility.
3. By the 1700s religious leaders believedthat colonists were becoming moreinterested in wealth and success than
in ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
4. The Great Awakening marked a
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
in religion.
5. The movement emphasizing scienceand reason was called theEnlightenment. It was also known as
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
6. John Locke believed the purpose ofgovernment was to protect people’s
“natural rights”: oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
oooooooooooooooooooooooo , and oooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
7. The ideas and methods of scientists
such as ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
encouraged interest in science in the colonies.
8. One important figure in the develop-ment of American science was
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
9. Two women who became well-knownas poets in the colonies were
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
10. oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo sparkedincreased political activity.
11. Ben Franklin published oooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,a colonial best-seller.
12. By 1760 ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo weretraveling on the roads that linkedmajor cities.
13. Improvements to the mail serviceamong the colonies were made by
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 7-2C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 25 ★ Guided Reading Activities
The French and Indian WarDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read the sectionand answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. Where were Russia’s fur-trading
posts? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. What country claimed a large part of
the Southwest? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. Where was New France located?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. What two countries claimed the landwest of the thirteen colonies?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo and ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. Where did the English and the Frenchcompete for control of land?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. Who was more successful at forminggood relations with the NativeAmericans—the French or the English?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. Whom did the Iroquois support?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. What larger conflict was the French
and Indian War part of? oooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. Who ordered an attack on a Frenchscouting party near Great Meadows?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. Who built Fort Necessity?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. Who presented the Albany Plan?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. How would the Albany Plan of Union
have united the colonies? ooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. When did British and colonial troopsset out to capture Fort Duquesne?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
14. When did France and Britain formally
declare war? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
15. Why did William Pitt send the military
to America? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
16. Whom did James Wolfe defeat in
Quebec? ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo
17. What treaty officially ended French
power in North America? ooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 7-3
Guided Reading Activities ★ 26 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Taxes and BoycottsDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: Great Britain faced problemsafter the French and Indian War.
1. Detail: A Native American alliance,
led by ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , capturedforts and frontier settlements.
2. Detail: The Proclamation of 1763 for-bade colonists to settle west of the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
3. Detail: After the French and Indian
War, Britain turned to the oooooooooooooooooooto solve its money problems.
Main Idea: Britain made harsh new lawsto raise money in the colonies.
4. Detail: The ooooooooooooooooooooo Act of 1764 taxed foreign molasses and sugar.
5. Detail: The ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo , required colonists to pay for housingand feeding British soldiers.
Main Idea: When Britain passed theStamp Act, the colonists protested.
6. Detail: A small angry group called
the oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo
formed and the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
was held in New York City.
7. Detail: In 1766 Britain oooooooooooooooooooooooothe Stamp Act.
Main Idea: Parliament still wanted toraise money in the colonies and thecolonists were angry.
8. Detail: The Townshend Acts placed
ooooooooooooooooooooooo taxes on goods cominginto America, and allowed offcials to
obtain blank oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
9. Detail: Colonial women organized as
the oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo .
10. Detail: ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo , leader of the Sons of Liberty, stirred uppublic anger against Britain.
11. Detail: British soldiers fired into anangry crowd in Boston in an event
called the oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: The colonists organized.
12. Detail: Passage of the ooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo in 1773 angeredcolonists.
13. Detail: In protest colonists dumpedtea into the Boston Harbor in an action
that is now called the ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 7-4C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 27 ★ Guided Reading Activities
On the Brink of WarDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. Punishing the Colonies
A. The colonists called the
ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo theIntolerable Acts. These acts closed
the oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo until the teadestroyed at the Boston Tea Partywas paid for.
B. In response the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
united the colonies more than ever before.
II. The First Continental Congress
A. Among other things the oooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , proposed byPaul Revere, demanded an end totrade with Great Britain and itsWest Indian colonies.
B. The colony of oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
proposed forming a militia.
C. The colonists asked the king to
make ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo betweenParliament and the Americans.
III. Moving Toward a Crisis
A. As tensions rose, the English writer
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
called for compromise.
B. In a speech to the House of
Burgesses, oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo
said the choice was liberty ordeath.
C. The British planned to seize
oooooooooooooooo and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooostored in Concord and to arrest two
colonial leaders, oooooooooooo oooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo .
D. On April 18, 1775, oooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooo and ooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo warned that theBritish were coming.
E. Which side fired the first shot at
Lexington? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
F. By day’s end, the ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
retreated.
IV. The Second Continental Congress
A. The congress chose oooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo to builda Continental Army.
B. The colonists also tried to avoidwar by sending the king an
oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo .
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 8-1
Guided Reading Activities ★ 28 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Main Idea: The Second ContinentalCongress acted as a central govern-ment that put together the colonies’defense.
1. Detail: The Olive Branch Petitionassured the king that most colonistswere still loyal both to him and to
ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo . Nevertheless,
colonists named oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooiiiiioooo as commander ofthe Continental Army.
2. Detail: Colonists knew the country-
side and wilderness and ooooooooooooooooooooin their cause.
Main Idea: The British army had manystrengths.
3. Detail: The British had the world’s
most powerful ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
4. Detail: The British hired professional
soldiers called ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: The colonists enjoyed someearly victories.
5. Detail: Ethan Allen joined with
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
to lead a successful attack on
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
6. Detail: Most of the Battle of Bunker
Hill took place on oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: Several factors led to thedeclaring of independence.
7. Detail: oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo ’s
pamphlet, ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo , said England was taking advantage ofthe colonies.
8. Detail: Supporters of a resolution put
forth by ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooiiiiooo formed a committee to
prepare a formal oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo wrote it.
Main Idea: The Declaration of Indepen-dence divided the country.
9. Detail: People who supported ties
with Great Britain were oooooooooooooooooooo .
10. Detail: People who favored separation
were ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
11. Detail: The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
were Loyalists who concentrated onpreparing for the fight that was sure to come.
Declaring IndependenceDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 8-2C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 29 ★ Guided Reading Activities
The Colonies at WarDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks In the space provided, write the word orwords that best complete the sentence. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. Forces led by oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo
captured Montreal, but oooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and his troops were unsuccessful in their attack on
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
2. When George Washington aimed cannons at
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , theBritish fled.
3. Washington tried to defend New York,
but his troops failed at the oooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo .
4. Washington launched a successful sur-prise attack on the British camp at
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , New Jersey.
5. The victory at oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , New Jersey, gave the ContinentalArmy hope.
6. The British planned to stop the Ameri-
cans, but the Battle of ooooooooooooooooooooooooowas a key victory for the Patriots.
7. After this victory, oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
signed the Treaty of Alliance.
8. Washington’s army had to endure a
harsh winter at ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo .
9. Europeans who helped the colonists
included oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , who helped train troops at Valley Forge, and
ooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo , who fought with Washington in Pennsylvania.
10. Three other Europeans who contrib-uted to the American cause were
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo , and
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
11. Leading volunteers, ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
weakened British influence in the Ohio Valley.
12. Although the Continental Congressestablished the Continental Navy in1775, the colonists relied on armed
private ships, or ooooooooooooooooooooooo , toprotect their ports.
13. After a battle between the AmericanBonhomme Richard and the BritishSerapis, the American captain,
oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo ,became known as the “Father of theAmerican Navy.”
Copyright ©
by The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 8-3
Guided Reading Activities ★ 30 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
The War Moves SouthDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. War in the South
A. Patriot forces crushed a Loyalist
uprising at oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo , North Carolina.
B. In addition to heavy losses in the South, George Washington
was unhappy that oooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooo joined the British.
C. “Swamp Fox”, or oooooooooooo ooooooooooo , became known for successful raidson the British.
D. At the Battle of Cowpens, General
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
defeated the British.
E. The Battle of Guilford Courthouse took place in
oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
II. African Americans and the War
A. The ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooffered enslaved persons their free-dom in return for military service.
B. The first African American to diefor the revolutionary cause hadbeen
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
C. Fellow soldiers recommended thatthe Continental Congress
recognizeoooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooo for his bravery.
D. As a result of the war efforts of
African Americans, oooooooooooooooooooo ,
oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , and
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo attempted toend slavery in their states.
III. Women and the War
A. With men away at war, women ran
family oooooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooo .
B. One woman who carried waterpitchers to soldiers came to be
known as oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
C. Two other women who helped the war effort were the spy
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and the
journalist ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 8-4C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 31 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Victory at YorktownDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read the sectionand answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. Who was the British commander at
Yorktown? ooooooooooooo oooooooooo ooooooooooooooo
2. What geographic feature of Yorktownmade it a good military site?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. Who was the commander of the
French fleet? ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. How did François de Grasse keep theBritish from getting supplies?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. What four commanders and their
troops met at Yorktown?
oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. When did the British request a cease-
fire? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. Where were the official details of theterms of peace worked out?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. What three delegates from theContinental Congress representedAmerica at the negotiations?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. Where were the new boundaries of theUnited States in the West?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. Where were the boundaries of theUnited States in the North?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. Where were the boundaries of theUnited States in the South?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. Where did George Washington goafter the war ended?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 9-1
Guided Reading Activities ★ 32 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Forming a UnionDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: Because the colonists felt con-cerned about giving too much powerto too few, they divided power amongbranches of government.
1. Detail: The legislative branch became
the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo branch.
2. Detail: All states except oooooooooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
created bicameral, or two-house,legislatures.
3. Detail: A state ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooheaded each executive branch.
4. Detail: Rights spelled out in a bill of
rights included ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: Although many states wereunwilling to turn power over to anational government, the congressfinally drafted the Articles ofConfederation.
5. Detail: At first the state of
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
would not ratify the Articles becauseof land claims such as those made byVirginia.
6. Detail: The Articles established aloose alliance among the states rather
than a strong ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
7. Detail: The Articles made the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
the national lawmaking body.
Main Idea: The national government wasextremely weak under the Articles ofConfederation.
8. Detail: The national government had
no authority over oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
9. Detail: The Articles made no
provision for a ooooooooooooooooooooooo system.
10. Detail: All states had ooooooooooooo vote(s).
11. Detail: The government could not
collect ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
12. Detail: Without the power to raise
money, congress’s oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooopowers proved useless.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 9-2C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 33 ★ Guided Reading Activities
The Confederation EraDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. Settling the West
A. During the Confederation period,the West lay just beyond the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. The ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo
divided land into townships andprovided the first federal aid for
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
C. The ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
made provisions for governing thenew territory and was the first lawin United States history to restrict
the practice of oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
D. The five states that arose from theNorthwest Territory were
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooo ,
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooo ,
and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
II. A Failing Economy
A. Worthless money and disputesabout the value of each state’s
currency made oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooamong the states difficult. Some
resorted to a system of oooooooooooooooo .
B. The country entered an economicdepression in which business
activity ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and
unemployment oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
C. After the American Revolution,demand for farm products
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
D. Farmers who viewed governmentauthorities as tyrants took part in a
rebellion led by oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
E. More than 1,000 upset farmers
attacked an arsenal in ooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
F. This rebellion and other problemscaused state leaders to call for aconvention to discuss ways of
revising the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 9-3
Guided Reading Activities ★ 34 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
The Constitutional ConventionDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. Where did the first ConstitutionalConvention take place?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. Which state did not send a delegate?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. What name was given to those whoattended the convention?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. Who presided over the proceedings?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. Who arrived with a draft of a completely new framework of
government? ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo
6. Why did the delegates decide to keepthe proceedings secret?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. By what name did James Madison’sproposal come to be known?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. In Madison’s proposal, what threebranches would the national govern-
ment have? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. Which provision of the Virginia Plancaused concern among the smaller
states? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. According to the Virginia Plan, whowould choose the President and
national judges? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. Who presented the New Jersey Plan?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. Which states tended to favor the New
Jersey Plan? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. What was the compromise that calledfor two senators from all states but avarying number of representatives?
oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo
14. What was the compromise that deter-mined how enslaved persons would becounted for both taxation and represen-
tation? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
15. What three delegates refused to sign
the new Constitution? oooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 9-4C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 35 ★ Guided Reading Activities
A More Perfect UnionDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. One model for the Constitution
was the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , in which member nations governed their ownaffairs but joined together for defense.
2. The idea of limiting the power of aruler was taken from England’s
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
3. Another influence was ooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , who said a government is a contractbetween the ruler and the ruled.
4. The concept of separation of powers
had been proposed by ooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
5. Although the Articles gave the statesmore power, the Constitution dividedpower between the states and the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
6. Among the powers of the federalgovernment are the powers to
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
and ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
7. State powers included regulating
oooooooooooooooooooooo within their borders.
8. Overlapping powers include the right to
ooooooooooooooooooo , to try ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
and to build oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
9. The legislative branch of the national
government is called oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
10. The executive branch consists of the
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo, oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , and advisers.
11. The highest court in the land is the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
12. Instead of citizens directly electing the
President, the ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo votes.
13. On the question of ratification,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
favored the Constitution, and
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo did not.
14. To respond to objections, people whofavored the Constitution promised to
provide a oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo to protect the people.
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 10-1
Guided Reading Activities ★ 36 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Establishing the New GovernmentDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. Shaping a New Government
A. Members of the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooo unanimously elected
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
as President. They elected
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
as Vice President.
B. Among the many challenges theUnited States faced was its
inability to raise ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
II. The Branches of Government
A. The sponsor of the Bill of Rights
was ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. As part of the executive branch, the
office of oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooowas created by the Judiciary Act of 1789.
C. George Washington appointed
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
as secretary of state,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
as secretary of the treasury, and
oooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo as thefirst chief justice.
III. A Nation in Debt
A. The country had borrowed heavily
to finance the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. In favor of paying these huge debts
was ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .Others, disagreed. In particular,
people from the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
opposed paying the debts becausemost of their states had alreadypaid off their debts and did notwant to see the power of the stategovernments weakened.
C. A special territory, the oooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
was created so no one state couldclaim the capital city.
IV. The Bank of the United States
A. Alexander Hamilton favored the establishment of a national
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooRebellion challenged the power ofthe new federal government tocollect taxes.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 10-2C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 37 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Dealing With Other NationsDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. Where did Great Britain still have forts
in the 1790s? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. What three Native American groups formed an alliance to resist the takeover of their
lands? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. In what battle did General AnthonyWayne finally crush Native Americanresistance in present-day Ohio?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. In what treaty did Native Americans inpresent-day Ohio agree to surrender
most of their lands? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. With what country did Americansargue over the right to use theMississippi River and the port of New
Orleans for trade? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. Why did the United States pay tributeto pirates of the Barbary Coast States?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. What treaty did France cite when itcalled on the United States for aid?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. Although George Washington recog-nized the new French Republic, whatdid he issue that made it clear that he
gave no support? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. What French diplomat plotted toignore Washington’s order of neutrality?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. In what two ways did the British government challenge American
neutrality at sea? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. As a result of the Jay Treaty, signed in1794, from what part of North America
did Britain withdraw? ooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. What treaty allowed American ships touse the lower Mississippi and to tradethrough the port of New Orleans?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. In his Farewell Address, what course ofaction in world affairs did Washington
suggest? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
14. What two developments did Washington
warn against? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 10-3
Guided Reading Activities ★ 38 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Political Parties DevelopDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: Differences divided the newcountry.
1. Detail: A group led by oooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,whose followerssupported most decisions made by thegovernment, was known as the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
2. Detail: The opposition group, knownas Democratic-Republicans, was led by
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo and
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: Some issues deeply dividedthe Framers of the Constitution.
3. Detail: George Washington and
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo favored
a ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
federal government while oooooooooooooooooo
favored a ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo one.
4. Detail: While the Federalists drewmuch of their support from wealthy
people and those living in oooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
the Democratic-Republicans drewmuch of their support from those
living in the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
5. Detail: A champion of the farmer,
ooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooo saw cities as evil.
6. Detail: The editor and publisher of theFederalists’ newspaper, the Gazette of
the United States, was oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
7. Detail: Thomas Jefferson and James
Madison choseooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
to start a rival newspaper, the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: Politics dominated the electionof 1796.
8. Detail: The Federalists supported
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo for
President and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo for Vice President.
9. Detail: The Democratic-Republicans
supported oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo for
President and ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooofor Vice President.
10. Detail: The two candidates whoreceived the highest number of votes
were ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 10-4C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 39 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Troubled Times for John AdamsDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete thesentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. The French were unhappy with the
oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo whichprotected trade with Great Britain.
2. To avoid war with France, John Adams sent
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo,and Elbridge Gerry to Paris.
3. When France offered a treaty for aprice and the affair became public, thetwo countries moved closer to oooooooooooo .
4. In response to the tensions, Congress
quickly voted to enlarge the ooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
5. When oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
came to power in France, the situation
changed. In the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , France and the United States agreed onterms for peace.
6. Three laws, known as the oooooooooooooooooooActs, supposedly were passed to protectthe country from foreigners living inthe United States. Among other things,these acts gave the President power todeport any foreigner who was
considered oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
7. The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Act made it a crime to speak or writecritically about the government orthose who ran it.
8. The Sedition Act violated the ooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo tothe Constitution.
9. The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Resolutions were based on the theoryof states’ rights.
10. As Adams lost support, ThomasJefferson gained it. In many people’sminds, Jefferson stood for more
ooooooooooooooooo and less ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
11. In the election of 1800, both oooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo received anequal number of votes.
12. The oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo calledfor separate ballots for President andVice President.
13. After the election of oooooooooooooooooooooooooo , the Federalist party lost power. Amongits many accomplishments was thecreation of Washington, D.C., planned
by ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 11-1
Guided Reading Activities ★ 40 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Jefferson Takes ControlDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: Thomas Jefferson regarded hiselection to the presidency as a peacefulrevolution.
1. Detail: Jefferson was sworn in by
Chief Justice ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
2. Detail: Jefferson pleaded for national
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
after the bitter election.
Main Idea: Jefferson wanted to simplifythe government.
3. Detail: To cut spending, Jefferson
appointed oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooas secretary of the treasury. He wanted
to avoid the high costs of ooooooooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
4. Detail: Jefferson also ended all
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo taxes.
5. Detail: Jefferson did not renew the
oooooooooooooooooooooo and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Acts, and he oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooothe journalists and others who hadbeen convicted under them.
Main Idea: Jefferson clashed with thejudicial branch.
6. Detail: Jefferson repealed the
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
7. Detail: Republicans tried to remove
Federalist judges by ooooooooooooooooooooooooooothem.
8. Detail: When Jefferson clashed withMarshall over the judgeship of WilliamMarbury, the Supreme Court ruled thatit could declare a law passed by
Congress to be ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
9. Detail: The Marbury v. Madison
decision oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
the power of the Supreme Court.
10. Detail: Although the Constitution saidnothing about the Court’s new power
of ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo , Jefferson and Congress accepted the ruling.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 11-2C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 41 ★ Guided Reading Activities
The Louisiana PurchaseDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. Why was Spain able to stop Americanshippers from using the lower
Mississippi?ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. What country had granted the Louisiana
Territory to France? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. Where did Thomas Jefferson fear thatNapoleon Bonaparte would want tobuild an empire?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. Whom did Thomas Jefferson send toFrance to negotiate a purchase of land?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. Where did rebels gain and regain theirfreedom from France?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. Why did Napoleon Bonaparte needthe money that selling the LouisianaTerritory would bring him?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. When did the United States purchase
the Louisiana Territory? ooooooooooooooooooooo
8. How much did the United States payfor it?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. What group criticized the Louisiana
Purchase? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. Whom did Jefferson appoint to explore
the territory? ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. Where did the expedition begin?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. Who served as guide and interpreteras the expedition crossed the Rocky
Mountains? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. When did the expedition reach the
Pacific coast? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
14. What United States’s claim did the
expedition strengthen? oooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
15. Who discovered Pikes Peak?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
16. Why did Aaron Burr challengeAlexander Hamilton to a duel?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 11-3
Guided Reading Activities ★ 42 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Troubles With France and BritainDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. Piracy in the Mediterranean
A. Pirates from the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
interfered with American trade.
B. War broke out when the UnitedStates refused to pay an increased
amount of oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
C. When war was declared on theUnited States, Thomas Jeffersonordered a blockade of the port of
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
D. An American officer, oooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , led the raidon this port.
E. The war that resulted showed thatthe United States needed a
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
II. American Neutrality Challenged
A. Jefferson declared that the UnitedStates was neutral in the
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo Wars.
B. The British practice of impressing
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo
angered the United States government.
C. The British claimed that these
captives were the ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
D. When the British attacked the American warship the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , both sides were outraged.
III. A Ban on Foreign Trade
A. Jefferson placed an embargo on
trade with ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo
and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. The Embargo Act was a disasterfor American trade and for
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo popularity.
C. In the election of 1808, oooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooo won the presidency.
D. The ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo replaced the Embargo Act.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 11-4C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 43 ★ Guided Reading Activities
The War HawksDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. To what two regions of the country did James Madison mainly owe his
presidential victory? oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. In whose footsteps had Madison
planned to follow? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. Who often assisted Native Americansin their fight against white settlers?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. Who united Native Americans east of
the Mississippi River? oooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. Which Native American leader wasknown as “The Prophet”?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. Who was the governor of the Indiana Territory at the time of the
confederation? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. What battle took place between theconfederation and the United States
Army? ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. Whose death destroyed the dream of aNative American confederation?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. What name was given to people whowanted to go to war against Britain?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. In what two regions of the countrywere anti-British feelings thestrongest?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. Who called for war to protect freetrade and the rights of sailors?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. Who called for the conquest of allBritish land in North America?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. Why did Madison ask Congress for a declaration of war against Britainwhen Great Britain had already decidedto stop interfering with American shipping?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 11-5
Guided Reading Activities ★ 44 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
The War of 1812DIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete thesentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. When President James Madison sent hiswar message to Congress, he blamedthe British for frontier warfare with
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
2. The United States entered the war at a
great ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
3. In the first year of the war, Congressfailed to authorize the building of
badly needed oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo . The government had to hire armed
ships called ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
4. One major goal of the war was the
conquest of ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
5. William Hull surrendered oooooooooooooooooo
to the British.
6. By joining forces with the ooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , theBritish gained control of much of theNorthwest Territory.
7. The Constitution earned the nickname,
oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo , whenit held out against the British attack.
8. A naval officer named ooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo became a herowhen he attacked British warships.
9. A large American army defeated asmaller British and Native American
force at the oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo .
10. When the British attacked Washington,
D.C., oooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
acted quickly to save many historicgovernment papers.
11. The troops at Fort McHenry protected
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and its harborfrom British attack.
12. During the attack on the fort, oooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
wrote the poem that was later set tomusic as the national anthem.
13. At the oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo , AndrewJackson won a stunning victory overthe British.
14. Delegates to the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooo talked about forming aconfederacy of New England states.
15. The ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ended the fighting.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 12-1C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 45 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Industries Take RootDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. A Revolution in Industry
A. The Industrial Revolution began in
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
in the middle of the 1700s.
B. The first industry to be affected bythe Industrial Revolution was the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo industry.
C. Revolutionary inventions included
James Hargreaves’s oooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooo , Richard Arkwright’s
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo -powered devicefor producing thread, EdmundCartwright’s steam-powered
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , Eli Whitney’s
ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo, James Watt’s improved design of the
ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo , and
Oliver Evans’s first high-pressure
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo
for powering machinery.
II. Industry in the United States
A. Before the American Revolution,the colonies had depended on
ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo for manufactured goods.
B. The first successful cotton mill inthe United States was established
through the efforts of ooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , who carried production secrets from England.
C. Francis Cabot Lowell built powerlooms and a new factory at
oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
D. One of the early supporters of theuse of interchangeable parts was
inventor ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo .
III. Industrial Working Conditions
A. Factory workers worked ooooooooooooooo
to oooooooooooooooo hours a day, six days a week in unsafe and unhealthyworking conditions.
B. In response to their working condi-tions, workers organized into
oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
C. The spread of the factory system
caused oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo to grow.
D. Cities were still troubled by
problems with oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooo
fire protection, and oooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 12-2
Guided Reading Activities ★ 46 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Moving WestDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: Americans and newcomerswent west for land.
1. Detail: Pioneer families often carried
everything in ooooooooooooooooooooooo wagons.
2. Detail: Survival of the pioneersdepended on the long-handled ax and
the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: Pioneers traveled by differentroutes.
3. Detail: Some traveled the WildernessRoad, which had been cleared by
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and 30 lumberers.
4. Detail: Others made their way
through the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
over rough wagon roads.
5. Detail: New Yorkers sometimes
traveled across the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooo valley to ooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: Many improvements in roadtravel were made at this time.
6. Detail: Private companies began
constructing oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , or toll roads.
7. Detail: The building of the National
Road was paid for with oooooooooooooooooooooofunds.
Main Idea: Rivers were an importantmeans of travel, but challenges of rivertravel had to be overcome.
8. Detail: Robert Fulton’s oooooooooooooooooooooomarked the beginning of a new era inwater travel.
9. Detail: For moving heavy goods,
Americans depended on oooooooooooooooooo .
10. Detail: The ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooconnected the Great Lakes with theMohawk and Hudson Rivers. It was sosuccessful that other, similar water-ways were built.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 12-3C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 47 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Nationalism and SectionalismDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. The ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo
stirred strong feelings of nationalism.
2. At the time a Republican President and Congress, and support for theRepublican party united the nation. It was the Era of
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
3. President ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo
was reelected without opposition.
4. oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
proposed a national system forimproving the country called the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
5. State banks had made too many loansand placed too much money in
circulation. The result was oooooooooooooooo .
6. Tariffs made oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooogoods more expensive and protectedAmerican industries.
7. Three Supreme Court cases supportedthe powers of the national government
over oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo governments.
8. In the early 1800s, three distinct sec-tions developed in the country: the
oooooooooooooooooooooooo , the ooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
and the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
9. Henry Clay represented the ooooooooooooooi
interests; John C. Calhoun represented
the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo interests; and
ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo represented New England’s interests.
10. Sections of the country disagreed over
tariffs, which ooooooooooooooooooooooo disliked.
11. Statehood for Missouri hinged on the
issue of ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo . Southerners feared that they wouldlose power if there were more
oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooo than slave states.
12. The Missouri Compromise, was
proposed by oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
13. The presidential candidates in the election of 1824 represented different
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo of the country.
14. The winner by the most popular votes
was ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo , but
ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo
became President. The new adminis-tration was charged with having
made a oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .
15. Andrew Jackson and his supporters
formed the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo party.
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 12-4
Guided Reading Activities ★ 48 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Monroe and Foreign AffairsDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. Which governor of Canada advisedParliament to unite Upper and LowerCanada and to allow Canadians to
control local affairs? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. Whose military actions focused atten-tion on Florida?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. Under what treaty did Spain cedeFlorida to the United States?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo
4. Mexico won its freedom from
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo in 1821.
5. By 1825 Spain lost all its colonies in
Latin America except ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
6. The United States granted
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo tothe new countries of Latin America.
7. Spain planned to recapture its colonieswith the help of its European allies.
The oooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,however, opposed this plan.
8. Whom did the Monroe Doctrine sug-gest would protect both of theAmerican continents from Europeancolonization?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. What country in Europe supported theMonroe Doctrine?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. Why was a proposal for cooperationbetween the United States and thiscountry turned down?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. Why did the Monroe Doctrine startleother European nations?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. Which countries in Europe challengedthe Monroe Doctrine?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 13-1C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 49 ★ Guided Reading Activities
The People’s PresidentDIRECTIONS: Using Headings and Subheadings Locate each heading in yourtextbook. Then use the information under the correct subheading to help youwrite each answer.
I. Broadening Political Power
A. Explain how more people got morepolitical power in the early 1800s.
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
B. Who lost political power at thistime, and in what way?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
C. Explain why nominating conven-tions gave more people morepower in politics than caucuseshad given them.
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
III. The Disputed Election of 1824
A. Which four Democratic-Republicansran for office in the election of 1824?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
B. Who won the popular vote?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
C. Why didn’t Andrew Jacksonbecome President?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
D. How did John Quincy Adamsbecome President?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
III. New Political Parties
A. Write the name of each party afterthe candidate(s) it supported.
1. Adams and Henry Clay
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. Jackson
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
B. Who ran for President in 1828?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
C. Jackson won a landslide victory inthe election of 1828. Where did hissupport come from?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 13-2
Guided Reading Activities ★ 50 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
A New Spirit in the White HouseDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Use yourtextbook to identify key ideas in this section.
The Spoils System
1. What were the spoils of a political vic-tory according to Andrew Jackson?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. Who gave out the “spoils,” orrewards?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. Who received the “spoils,” or rewards?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. When did the spoils system come intobeing?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. How did Jackson justify the spoils system?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. What was the kitchen cabinet?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
War with the Bank
7. Who fought whom in the “war withthe Bank”?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. Why didn’t Jackson like the Bank ofthe United States?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. How did Henry Clay get involved inthe “war”?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. Who won the “war”?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. Where did the money go?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. What role did Roger Taney play?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. What happened when Nicholas Biddlerestricted the flow of money?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 13-3C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 51 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Crisis and ConflictDIRECTIONS: Identifying Main Ideas and Details Read each main idea. Useyour textbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: Because the Tariff ofAbominations taxed imports, people indifferent parts of the country had dif-ferent responses to it.
1. Detail: The Northern manufacturersand Western farmers liked the tariff
because oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
2. Detail: The Southerners hated the tariff because
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: The Tariff of Abominationsbrought forth two basic and opposingideas about government.
3. Detail: The argument for states’ rightssaid
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
4. Detail: The argument in favor of theUnion said
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: Andrew Jackson and JohnC. Calhoun disagreed sharply on theissue of states’ rights.
5. Detail: Calhoun believed
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
6. Detail: Jackson believed
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: South Carolina wanted toleave the Union if the federal govern-ment challenged its right to nullify thetariff, or to say it was not a law.
7. Detail: Congress responded by
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
8. Detail: In response to Congress’saction, South Carolina
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: Jackson believed NativeAmericans should give up their landsto settlers.
9. Detail: He ignored a Supreme Courtruling that said
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
10. Detail: He convinced his supportersto pass
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
11. Detail: The Cherokee were removedfrom their lands and sent on a longjourney that has come to be known as
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
12. Detail: Resistance to federal troops bythe Seminoles was led by
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 13-4
Guided Reading Activities ★ 52 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
The End of the Jacksonian EraDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Use your textbook to write an answer to each question.
1. Who was Andrew Jackson’s hand-picked successor?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. Why was the printing of so muchpaper money a problem?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. Why did land prices keep going up?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. What caused land prices to fall quickly?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. What event in the South worsened theeconomic crisis?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. What event in the West worsened theeconomic crisis?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. What happened in the Panic of 1837?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. What step did Martin Van Buren taketo prevent bank crises in the future?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. Who was the Whig candidate in theelection of 1840?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. What untruthful symbol misrepresentedWilliam Henry Harrison to the public?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. Which two people does the slogan,“Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” refer to?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. How did John Tyler become President?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 14-1C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 53 ★ Guided Reading Activities
The Oregon CountryDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where and How Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. What landform bounded the Oregon
Country on the east? oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. What body of water bounded theOregon Country on the west?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. How did Europeans and Americansrespond to Native American claims to
land in the Oregon Country? oooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. What four nations tried to take control of the Oregon Country?
ooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo
5. Who named the Columbia River andprovided the basis for the United
States’s claim? ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo
6. What two countries agreed to share theOregon Country for 10 years?
ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo
7. Why did mountain men head to ameeting place called the rendezvous?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. Who explored what is now Yellowstone
National Park? oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo
9. Where, along what river, did Manuel Lisa found Fort Manuel?
oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo
10. Why did mountain men find themselves out of work in the late
1830s and 1840s? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. Where did the Oregon Trail begin and
end? oooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooo ; oooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooo oooooooooooooo oooooooooooooo
12. How did families travel on the Oregon
Trail? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. What diseases killed many travelers on
the Oregon Trail? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
14. Who used the campaign slogan “Fifty-
four forty or fight”? ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo
15. When did Oregon become a territory?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 14-2
Guided Reading Activities ★ 54 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Texas IndependenceDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. Colonizing Texas
A. In 1820, Texas was settled by a fewAmericans, many Native
Americans, and about 3,000
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo persuadedthe Mexican government to let himbring settlers to the area.
C. Those settlers became citizens of
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
D. One source of conflict between theOld Three Hundred and theMexican government arose over
the right to hold ooooooooooooooooooooooo .
E. In 1833, Stephen Austin petitionedthe Mexican government for the
creation of a oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooo .
II. The Fight for Independence
A. Austin was imprisoned by the newhead of the Mexican government,
oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo .
B. In October 1835, Antonio López deSanta Anna sent troops to the Texas
town of ooooooooooooooooooooooo . Thisaction began the Texas war forindependence.
C. ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo took command of the Texas army.
D. Defenders at the oooooooooooooooooooincluded William Travis, JimBowie, and Davy Crockett.
E. In the ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo ,about 350 Texans were executed byMexican firing squads.
F. Tejano leader, ooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooo fought at the Alamoand the Battle of San Jacinto.
G. After the war, Sam Houstonbecame president of a new independent nation named the
oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo .
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 14-3C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 55 ★ Guided Reading Activities
War With MexicoDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: Although the United Statesrecognized the Republic of Texas in1837, Texas was not immediatelyannexed.
1. Detail: Like some Texans, manyAmericans felt their country had a
ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo , or an obvious future of expansion.
2. Detail: Because of the slavery issue,
ooooooooooooooooooooo favored annexing Texas,
while ooooooooooooooooooooo did not.
3. Detail: When Texas was admitted, its
border with oooooooooooooooooooooooo was stillundetermined.
Main Idea: President James K. Polk ledthe nation into the war with Mexico.
4. Detail: United States troops were sent to set up posts just north of the
Rio Grande. ooooooooooooooooooooooo claimedthis area as its southern boundary, but
ooooooooooooooooooooooo disputed the claim.
5. Detail: Among other critics of the war,
ooooooooooooooooooooooo considered the war aSouthern plot to add more slave statesto the Union.
Main Idea: The war led American forces in several directions and hadsignificant territorial results.
6. Detail: General oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo
headed toward Monterrey;
General oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo pushedsouth to Mexico City; and General
oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo went to NewMexico and California.
7. Detail: Rebels against the Mexicangovernment announced the creation of
the oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo
in California in 1846.
8. Detail: Under the terms of the Treaty
of oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo , Mexicansgave up all the area known as Californiaand New Mexico. This area has since
become known as the oooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooo .
9. Detail: As a result of the oooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooo , in which the United Statesacquired still more territory fromMexico, the country stretched from theAtlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
10. Detail: Mexicans living in the newlyacquired territory became American
oooooooooooooooooooooo , but they still faced abattle in protecting their rights.
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 14-4
Guided Reading Activities ★ 56 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Spanning a ContinentDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. Who led his followers to Utah’s Salt
Lake Valley? oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo
2. What term did most people use to referto the group that called itself theChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter-
day Saints? oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. Who founded this new Christiangroup that eventually made its home
in Utah? oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo
4. What caused these settlers to seek a
location in the Far West? oooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. Where was gold first discovered in
California in 1848? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. Gold seekers who went to California
became known as the oooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooo , for the year, 1849.
7. By what two routes did gold seekers
sail to San Francisco? ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. By what two overland trails did goldseekers travel to California?
ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo
9. Who often took the law into their own
hands in mining towns? ooooooooooooooooooooo
10. What did the California constitution
prohibit? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. What did the national government create in 1824 to attempt to reduceNative American land claims?
ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo
12. How did the state of California discriminate against Chinese miners?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. What city within a city did the Chinese
create in San Francisco? oooooooooooooooooooooo
14. Why did so many ghost towns come
into being in California? ooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 15-1C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 57 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Literature, Art, and ScienceDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. Published in 1820, oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo Sketch Book, included
oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo
and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.”
2. James Fenimore Cooper created
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo , the first American fictional hero.
3. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novels includedThe House of the Seven Gables and
ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo .
4. Moby Dick was written by
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
5. The first African American to publish
fiction was oooooooooooo ooooooooooooooo oooooooooo .
6. An early American horror writer was
oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo .
7. Writer oooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooinfluenced the women’s movement;
serial writers included ooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo .
8. The poet oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo recreated Americanlegends.
9. Important poets were oooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo , who cried outagainst slavery; Walt Whitman, who
wrote Leaves of Grass; and oooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooo , who was widely readafter her death.
10. oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo
regarded Ralph Waldo Emerson as his “spiritual father.”
11. Hudson River School painters
were ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo and Asher Durand. Famous genre painterswere George Caleb Bingham and
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
12. Painter oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo
painted Native Americans.
13. Scientists of the era included oooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooo , who discovered a comet;
ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo , who inventedan electromagnetic motor; and
ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo , who developed ways to predict winds and ocean tides.
14. Medical pioneers were Dr. Crawford
Long and Dr. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooo , who developed ether.
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 15-2
Guided Reading Activities ★ 58 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Calls for Widespread EducationDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. Early Education in the United States
A. Few oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo
were allowed to attend school.
B. The educational system was differ-ent in different parts of the country.
In New England the ooooooooooooooooooooo
paid for the schools. In the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , few townsexisted to provide schools.
C. In the South wealthy planters
hired oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooofor their children and later sent
them to oooooooooooooooooooo to finishtheir education.
II. Educational Reform
A. The campaign for common schools
was led by oooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo .
B. The first state board of education
was established in oooooooooooooooooooooo .
C. Among the schoolbooks that wereused to introduce American values to immigrants were
ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
III. Women, Minorities, and Schools
A. Reformers oooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo , and
oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo started schools that taught serious subjectsto women.
B. Quaker ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo
opened her school in Connecticutto African American girls from allover the Northeast.
C. Almost none of the institutions ofhigher learning allowed AfricanAmericans to attend. Two excep-
tions were ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo .
D. The first free school for hearing-impaired students was opened by
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo
in Hartford, Connecticut.
E. Hired by the state of Massachusetts,Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe organized
the oooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooo .
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 15-3C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 59 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Social and Cultural ChangeDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: Reformers such as DorotheaDix worked to change American think-ing about prisons and their inmates.
1. Detail: Reformer ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooo
led a pamphlet crusade against crueltyin New England prisons.
2. Detail: In Boston and other places,
oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo
began taking in child offenders.
3. Detail: As a result of a report written
by oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo , Massachusetts passed a law to buildmental hospitals where mental illnesscould be treated as a disease ratherthan a crime.
Main Idea: Reformers also targeted theabuse of alcohol.
4. Detail: The crusade for the nation-wide prohibition of alcohol was led by
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
of Virginia.
5. Detail: Northern and Southern tem-
perance societies used ooooooooooooooooooo towin support for their cause.
6. Detail: The first state to ban the manufacture and sale of alcoholic
drinks was oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: A reawakening of religiousfaith and social feeling occurred in theearly 1800s.
7. Detail: As part of the Second GreatAwakening, preachers urged listenersto renew their faith and cure the evils
of ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
8. Detail: Ideal communities werefounded. Among these was a commu-nity at New Harmony, Indiana,founded by
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
9. Detail: The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
established communal living in Ohio
and later in Utah. The oooooooooooooooooooooo , founded by Ann Lee, also establishedcommunal living.
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 15-4
Guided Reading Activities ★ 60 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
The Antislavery MovementDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questionsbelow. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. What group organized the first anti-slavery society?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. What society recruited AfricanAmericans to settle in Liberia?
oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo
3. Who started the first African American
newspaper? oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo
and ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. Who directly addressed enslaved per-sons in his pamphlet An Appeal to theColoured Citizens of the World?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. Who founded the antislavery news-paper called The Liberator?
ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo
6. Unlike earlier antislavery societies,what did societies formed in the 1830sdemand?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. What do Sisters Angelina and SarahGrimké, Elijah Lovejoy, HoraceGreeley, and Wendell Phillips have incommon?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. Who was born into slavery in NewYork, gained her freedom, and becamean antislavery crusader?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. What African American edited the abolitionist journal called the North
Star? ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. Enslaved African Americans escapedto the North or Canada by traveling on
the ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
11. Who was the most famous conductoron the Underground Railroad?
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. Many Northerners who disapproved ofthe abolitionist movement dependedon what product from the South?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. What abolitionist was killed by angry
Northerners? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
14. What way of life did the antislavery
movement threaten? oooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 15-5C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 61 ★ Guided Reading Activities
The Women’s Rights MovementDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read the sectionand answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. Why did many female abolitionistsbecome crusaders for women’s rights?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. When did women actually have fewerrights than they had had in colonial
times? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. Who observed that “there exists in theminds of men a tone of feeling towardwomen as towards slaves”?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. Why did audiences criticize femaleantislavery speakers?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. Where were women barred fromattending the World Anti-Slavery
Convention? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. What two women, who were notallowed to attend that convention,decided to form a society to work forwomen’s rights?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. When did the first women’s rights
convention open? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. Where was it held? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. What proposed right caused a heateddebate at the convention?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. What did the Seneca Falls Conventionmark the beginning of?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. How did most politicians treat theissue of women’s rights?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. Who became known as “the morningstar of the women’s rights movement”?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. Who became one of the first women tourge full participation of AfricanAmericans in the women’s rights
movement? ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo
14. What female African American abolitionist also spoke in defense of
women’s rights?oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 16-1
Guided Reading Activities ★ 62 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
The Changing NorthDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. Before steamboats what kinds of boatsdid Americans depend on to carry passengers and goods downriver?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. Who built the steamboat that was ableto carry goods and passengers long
distances? ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo
3. What two inventors made improve-ments to the design of the Clermont?
ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo and
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. What were the swift sailing ships thatmade the trip from China to the United
States in six months? ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. Who designed the first clipper ship?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. Who was the builder of the fastest clipper ships?
ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. What canal shortened the voyagebetween New York and China by 4,000
miles? ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. What means of transportation quickly
replaced steamboats? ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. The first successful use of a steam loco-motive in the United States occurred on
the oooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooorailroad line.
10. Who invented the telegraph?
oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooo ooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo
11. What two inventors pioneered newtypes of farm machinery, and what dideach invent?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. What labor-saving invention wasdeveloped by both Walter Hunt andElias Howe?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. Who joined up with Elias Howe tomass-produce this invention?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
14. The sewing machine helped business
move from the ooooooooooooo to ooooooooooooooo .
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 16-2C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 63 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Life in the NorthDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. The ooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo
in Lawrence, Massachusetts, collapsedin 1860.
2. In the early textile mills in NewEngland, owners liked to hire oooooooooooo .
3. When the demand for goods increased,
factories multiplied. Wages oooooooooooooooo
and working hours oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
4. The Pemberton Mill tragedy showed the
owners’ lack of oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooofor workers.
5. The oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooodelayed progress in the labor unionmovement.
6. Most early strikes oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
7. In 1842 a ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooocourt declared that workers had a legalright to strike.
8. One out of every ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Americans was born in a foreign country by 1860.
9. When a revolution in ooooooooooooooooooooooooofailed, thousands of its citizens fled tothe United States.
10. About 40 percent of all immigrants
came from ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
11. Most Irish immigrants settled near theeastern coast in cities such as
oooooooooooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooooooooo .
12. Two leaders of the labor movement
were Irish American oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and Irish-born
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
13. Nativists feared new immigrants. Theyespecially distrusted those who
practiced the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooreligion.
14. Nativists formed the oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooo to try to pass laws thatwould keep immigrants from partici-pating in politics.
15. African Americans in the North werefree, but they were not treated fairly.For example, they could not serve on a
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , be elected to
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , or work in the same building with whites.
16. Despite the obstacles, one AfricanAmerican who established a successful
sail-making factory was ooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 16-3
Guided Reading Activities ★ 64 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
The Cotton KingdomDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. The Southern Economy
A. The South purchased most of itsmanufactured goods from the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. The South had few cities and its
cities were small; only oooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo compared insize with Northern cities.
C. The ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooowere a class of Southern citizenswho lived on small farms.
D. The South was a land of chiefly
small oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and large ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
II. The Cotton Gin
A. After the American Revolution,Southern cotton was in demand
from ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooo .
B. The cotton gin was invented by
ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo , with the help of a suggestion from
oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
C. By the time Whitney received apatent for the cotton gin, Southern
planters already had oooooooooooooooooooohis invention.
D. After the invention of the cottongin, cotton became the South’sbiggest cash crop and the chief
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo of theUnited States.
E. As cotton production increased,plantations moved west and southand sprang up in southern
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooooo ,
and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
F. The invention of the cotton gin
made oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
labor once again profitable in theSouth.
G. By 1860 the number of enslaved persons in the South was
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
H. The demand for enslaved workersoutstripped the supply and caused
an increase in ooooooooooooooooo from theWest Indies.
I. As prices for enslaved workersspiraled upward, the large invest-ments made Southern plantationowners even more reluctant to
oooooooooooo enslaved workers.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 16-4C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 65 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Life in the SouthDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: Different classes of peoplemade up Southern society.
1. Detail: Only about one- ooooooooooooooooooooo
of all white Southerners held slaves.
2. Detail: Wealthy oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
cultivated the best land and enslaved50 to 200 or more people.
3. The yeomanry were ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo who made up a large part of the South’spopulation.
4. A small percentage of the Southern
population consisted of oooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooo , who rented their landor lived on the rugged frontier.
5. Free African Americans had to liveseparate from whites. They also had to
register, wear special oooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
and pay special ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: Enslaved African Americansfaced endless work, regulations, anddeprivation.
6. Detail: Most enslaved African Ameri-
cans labored in the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
7. Detail: Even young oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
had to labor and faced punishmentfrom overseers.
8. Detail: Slave codes denied slaves basichuman rights. For example, African
Americans could not own oooooooooooooooooo
or ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
9. In most states it was oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo to teach anAfrican American to read or write.
10. Detail: Enslaved persons were oftenseparated from their families at
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: African Americans gainedstrength through families and religion;they showed strength through resis-tance and rebellion.
11. Detail: Enslaved persons adapted
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo to fit their needsand expressed hope through spirituals.
12. Detail: In 1822 oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooo organized an unsuccessfulrevolt that led to his execution.
13. Detail: In 1831 oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo led a bloody revoltin Virginia.
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 17-1
Guided Reading Activities ★ 66 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Settling DifferencesDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete thesentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. The question of ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooin the Mexican Cession divided thecountry.
2. The House of Representatives passed
the oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo ,which tried to outlaw slavery in allterritory acquired from Mexico, but the Senate defeated it.
3. The debate over slavery in the terri-tories strengthened feelings of
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo in the country.
4. Senator ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo ofMichigan recommended that voterswho lived in a territory should decidewhether the states they formed shouldbe slave or free.
5. Democrat oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo ,
Whig oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo , and
Free-Soiler oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooran for President in the election of
1848. oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo won.
6. Leaders from the ooooooooooooooooooo threat-ened to leave the Union if it admittedCalifornia as a free state.
7. Early threats of secession came from
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo ofSouth Carolina.
8. ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo proposed theCompromise of 1850.
9. The Compromise of 1850 admitted
oooooooooooooo to the Union as a free state;organized New Mexico and Utah as
territories with oooooooooooo oooooooooooo;
paid ooooooooooo for giving up some terri-tory in New Mexico; ended the slave
trade in the oooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooo; and passed a strict law
enforcing the return of ooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooo .
10. Daniel Webster, an opponent of slavery,agreed with the Compromise of 1850
because he wanted to save the ooooooooooo .
11. The proposals that made up theCompromise of 1850 were guided into
law by ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo .
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 17-2C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 67 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Moving Closer to ConflictDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: The Fugitive Slave Actaroused deep anger in the North.
1. Detail: In response to the new law,Underground Railroad conductor
oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo beganguiding runaway slaves all the way toCanada.
2. Detail: One of the famous “slave
narratives,” written by ooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooo and published by WilliamLloyd Garrison, helped gain supportfor the abolitionist movement.
3. Detail: The novel ooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo , by HarrietBeecher Stowe, swayed Northernersagainst slavery and turnedSoutherners against the North.
Main Idea: The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act further divided the country.
4. Detail: Northerners were outraged bythe Kansas-Nebraska Act because it
effectively canceled the oooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooo and opened the oooooooooooooto the possibility of slavery.
5. Detail: Proslavery groups moved toKansas. Free-Soilers responded.
Settlers built the town of oooooooooooooooooo .
6. Detail: Groups of drifters known as
ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo crossed theborder and voted illegally for aproslavery government.
7. Detail: When proslavery Kansanskilled abolitionists, the abolitionist
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo took revenge.
8. Detail: Violence even erupted in the
Senate, where ooooooooooooo oooooooooooo beatSenator Charles Sumner with a canebecause he had viciously denouncedSouthern slaveholders.
Main Idea: The Dred Scott decision alsodivided the country.
9. Detail: Dred Scott was a slave whohad lived in free territory. With thehelp of antislavery lawyers, his suit for freedom eventually was judged
by the ooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo .
10. Detail: Chief Justice oooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooo delivered the opinion that
Scott had ooooooooooooo oooooooooooo to sue ina federal court.
11. Detail: The Court also ruled that theMissouri Compromise ban on slaverynorth of the 36°308 line was unconstitu-
tional; this meant that the ooooooooooooooooooprotected slavery.
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 17-3
Guided Reading Activities ★ 68 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
A New Political PartyDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questionsbelow. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. From what groups did the Republican
party form? oooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo
2. Whom did the Republicans nominateas their first presidential candidate in
1856? oooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo
3. Whom did the Democratic party nomi-nate in the same election?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. What party nominated formerPresident Millard Fillmore in the same
election? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. Who won the election, and from whatregion did he gain most of his support?
oooooooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. To which party did Abraham Lincolnbelong before joining the Republicans?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. For which office did Lincoln runagainst Stephen A. Douglas?
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. What was Douglas’s nickname?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. What did Douglas label Lincoln and
his party? ooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooo
10. Douglas ridiculed one of Lincoln’spositions on African Americans.
Which position was it? ooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. What question did Lincoln askDouglas during the debates that
trapped Douglas? ooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. What answer did Douglas give to the
question above? ooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. What did Douglas’s answer come to be
called? ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo
14. Who won the 1858 senatorial election?
ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 17-4C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 69 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Election of 1860 and SecessionDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. An Uneasy Decade
A. A serious depression hit the
oooooooooooooooo in 1857.
B. John Brown and his men invaded a
federal armory in oooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooo , Virginia, in 1859.
C. Many Northern abolitionistsbelieved that Brown’s execution
would give their cause a oooooooooooooooo
and a ooooooooooooo . Many Southernersbecame more fearful about the pos-
sibility of a ooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooo .
II. The Election of 1860
A. The Democratic Convention held
in ooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooo split theDemocratic party. Northern
Democrats nominated oooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooo for President. Southern
Democrats chose oooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooo .
B. The Republicans nominated
ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo forPresident.
The Republican platform also
called for a oooooooooooo oooooooooooo , a
ooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo , and a
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo .
C. In the election, Abraham Lincolncarried every free state except
ooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
III. Moving Toward Secession
A. A few days after the election,United States senators from
ooooooooooooo resigned from Congress.
B. Among Southerners who tried to
save the Union were ooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooo of Georgia and
oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo ofKentucky, who proposed severalconstitutional amendments. Lincolnopposed his ideas, which were
known as the oooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo .
C. The first state to secede in ooooooooooo
was ooooooooooooo oooooooooo . After morestates seceded, the new nation of
the oooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooo was formed.
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 18-1
Guided Reading Activities ★ 70 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
The War BeginsDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete thesentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. Federal property included ooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooo , and oooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo .
2. Major ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo was the
federal officer in charge of ooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooo in the harbor ofCharleston, South Carolina.
3. General oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooosurrounded the fort with cannons.
4. When the general learned of anapproaching Union fleet, a bombard-ment began. On the second day,
ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo surrendered.
5. Almost immediately, the oooooooooooooooooo
declared war on the oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
6. Abraham Lincoln did not make aboli-tion the goal of the war because not allNortherners agreed on the issue. Healso wanted to hold on to the
ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
7. The state of oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooowas formed as a result of Southernsecession.
8. One reason why Lincoln held so firmly
to the border state of ooooooooooooooooo wasthat its secession would leave theUnion capital in enemy territory.
9. Lincoln also wanted to hold onto the
states of oooooooooooooooooo and ooooooooooooooobecause they controlled the Mississippiand Ohio Rivers.
10. Advantages of the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooincluded a tradition of military excel-lence and the goal of protecting theirway of life.
11. Advantages of the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooincluded a larger population and manyfactories and railroads.
12. For the most part, amateurs led amateurs
in the oooooooooooooooooooooo army.
13. At first the Union army was led by
oooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo . Eventually,Lincoln discovered his best leader,
ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo .
14. Jefferson Davis chose oooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo to lead the
battles in the West and oooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo in the East.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 18-2C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 71 ★ Guided Reading Activities
The War in the EastDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read thesection and refer to your textbook to write the answers to the questions.
1. Who commanded the Confederatetroops at the First Battle of Bull Run?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. What was another name for the Union army?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. How did General Thomas Jackson earn
the nickname “Stonewall”? oooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. Who won the First Battle of Bull Run?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. Who led the Union troops on a cam-paign that had as its goal the capture
of Richmond? oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo
6. What series of battles in June 1862 led
to George McClellan’s retreat? ooooooooo
oooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo
7. Who won the Second Battle of Bull
Run? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. How did some goods slip through theblockade to reach the South?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. What battle occurred near Sharpsburg,Maryland, and resulted in huge casual-
ties on both sides? oooooooooooo oooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooo
10. Why did Abraham Lincoln make thedecision to end slavery?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. When did the Emancipation
Proclamation take effect? oooooooooooooo
12. How did the EmancipationProclamation discourage foreignpowers from aiding the South?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. What permitted African Americans to
fight for the North? ooooooooooo oooooooooooooo
14. What Union generals did Robert E. Leedefeat at Fredericksburg and
Chancellorsville? ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo ,
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo
15. What speech reminded Americans thattheir government “of the people, by thepeople, and for the people, [would] notperish from the earth”?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 18-3
Guided Reading Activities ★ 72 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
The War in the WestDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. Taking the Mississippi Valley
A. The North and the South both
fought to control the oooooooooooooooooo .
B. ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo began theUnion advance by attacking twoconfederate forts.
C. Ulysses S. Grant demanded anunconditional surrender at
oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
D. Troops led by oooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooo attacked Grant’s troopson the Tennessee-Mississippi border.
II. Surprise at Shiloh
A. The two-day battle of ooooooooooooooo
in ooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooo , slowedthe Union advance.
B. Confederate General ooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooosurprised and attacked Grant’stroops.
C. Grant’s troops had stopped theConfederates from retaking
western oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
III. Capturing the South’s Highways
A. The city of oooooooooooooooooooooooooo wasimportant to the South becausesupplies from the West poured intothe South through it.
B. Grant’s strategy was to capture
ooooooooooooooooo , Mississippi, beforecapturing Vicksburg.
C. To capture Vicksburg, Grant laid
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo to it, and shelledthe city day and night for morethan six weeks.
D. The oooooooooooooooo surrendered at
Vicksburg on oooooooooooooo , oooooooooooo .
E. The Confederates’ last importantvictory in the Civil War was at
ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
F. The Union victory at ooooooooooooooooooooosignaled the defeat of the South inthe West.
IV. Success in the West
A. After the Confederate army retreated to Georgia, the Union had achieved two of its three goals.Now Northerners had to carry outthe final step—invading the
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo .
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 18-4C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 73 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Behind the LinesDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: Both Union and Confederateleaders increased their powers to raiseand supply their armies, finance thewar, and suppress antiwar opinions.
1. Detail: A faction of Northern
Democrats, called ooooooooooooo oooooooooooo ,or Copperheads, called for an end tothe war at any price.
2. Detail: Abraham Lincoln silencedsome opposition newspapers by deny-
ing the use of the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .He used the army to shut down others.
3. Detail: Many Southerners resisted acentral government and refused to pay
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: Both sides faced the challengeof raising armies.
4. Detail: Both the North and the South
enforced ooooooooooooooooooooooo , or a draft.
5. Detail: In the North, a man couldexcuse himself from the draft by
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo or by hiring a substitute.
6. Detail: In the North, opposition to the
draft led to ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo inseveral cities.
Main Idea: While the North’s economygrew stronger during the war, theSouth’s economy weakened.
7. Detail: The North paid for the war by
collecting oooooooooooooooooooooooo , and by
issuing oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo .
8. Detail: When the South printed paper
money, this drastically oooooooooooooooo theprice of everyday goods.
9. Detail: The South lacked the
ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo toprovide some necessities toConfederate soldiers.
Main Idea: War brought suffering,disease, and death.
10. Detail: More than half of those whodied in the Civil War died from
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo and not frombattle injuries.
11. Detail: Among the many women whoplayed a vital role in the care of the
wounded and dying were ooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo , and oooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo .
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 18-5
Guided Reading Activities ★ 74 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Surrender at AppomattoxDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questionsbelow. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. What war policy meant thatConfederate civilians would suffer as much as Confederate soldiers?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. Who carried out the destruction of theShenandoah Valley of Virginia?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. Who marched across Georgia toSavannah and the sea, destroyingeverything in the Union army’s path?
oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo
4. After destroying Savannah, whatSouthern city did the Union soldiers
head north to destroy? ooooooooooooooooooooo
5. What name did the Republicans givethemselves in the election of 1864?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. Who ran against Abraham Lincoln inthe election of 1864?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. Who won the election of 1864?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. While part of the Union army marchedto the sea, at what three sites inVirginia did Ulysses S. Grant and
Robert E. Lee’s armies fight? oooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo ,
and oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo
9. Why was the Southern defense ofPetersburg crucial to the defense of
Richmond? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. What military strategy did Grant use
to take Petersburg? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. Where did Lee’s surrender to Grant
take place?oooooooooooo oooooooooooo oooooooooooo
12. In the terms of the surrender, what threethings did Grant give Lee’s soldiers, or
permit them to keep? ooooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooo , and a ooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooo
13. When did the Civil War finally end?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
14. How many days after Lee’s surrenderwas President Lincoln assassinated?
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 19-1C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 75 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Restoring the UnionDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. Planning for Reconstruction
A. Among the provisions of Abraham
Lincoln’s oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo was a call for amnesty, or officialforgiveness.
B. Lincoln also supported adding a
ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo to permanently abolish slavery.
C. The oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooconsidered Lincoln’s Reconstructionplan too mild. Congress instead
passed the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , which proposed putting the South undermilitary rule.
D. The oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooowas at first rejected by the Houseof Representatives, but eventuallybecame law in December 1865.
II. Extending the Olive Branch
A. At ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo secondinauguration, in 1865, he gave thefamous speech that included thephrase “with malice toward none.”
B. ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooobecame the first African Americanto attend an inaugural receptionand exchange opinions with thePresident.
III. The Assassination
A. Actor ooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo shot Lincoln in the head.
B. Although most viewed Lincoln’s
death as a tragedy, some oooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooo viewed his death withrelief.
C. Thousands of men, women, andchildren watched and wept asLincoln’s funeral train traveledfrom Washington, D.C., to
ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 19-2
Guided Reading Activities ★ 76 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
President and Congress ClashDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete thesentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. Following Abraham Lincoln’s
assassination, ooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo
became President.
2. The new President cared little about the
rights of oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo ,a point on which he clashed withRadical Republicans.
3. Under Johnson’s Reconstruction plan,Southerners were asked to sign an oath
of loyalty, to ratify the oooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooo , to declare oooooooooooooooooooooillegal, and to agree not to pay
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
4. Black codes were designed to reestablish white control over
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
5. Radical Republican leaders oooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooo and oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo
fought for African Americans’ rights.
6. When Johnson vetoed a bill tostrengthen the Freedmen’s Bureau,Radical Republicans passed the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo .
7. According to the FourteenthAmendment, citizenship includes
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and denied the oooooooooooooooooooooo to mostformer Confederate leaders.
8. The election of 1866 was a landslide for
the oooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,who gained control of both the Houseand Senate.
9. The Reconstruction Act of 1867 placedthe South under
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
10. In 1867 Congress also passed the
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo Act,which severely limited the President’spower as commander in chief.
11. When Johnson dismissed
oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo , secretaryof war, Thaddeus Stevens asked the
oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo
to impeach Johnson. The impeachment
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
12. ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,presidential candidate of the RadicalRepublicans, won the 1868 election.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 19-3C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 77 ★ Guided Reading Activities
The South During ReconstructionDIRECTIONS: Recalling Information Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. What did many Southerners lose afterthe war because they could not pay
their debts or taxes? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. What two types of farming did landlessAfrican Americans and whites do?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. At first the Freedman’s Bureau gavefood and clothing to all families in theSouth. In addition to these services,what were at least four other ways inwhich the Bureau tried to help African
Americans? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. For whom was Howard Universitynamed, and why was it named after
him? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. Who organized the Ku Klux Klan?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. Who used the Civil Rights Act of 1871to arrest Klansmen and attempt torestore law and order in the South?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. To whom did the Fifteenth Amendment
extend the right to vote? oooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. What two African Americans didMississippi elect to the Senate?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. What African American Civil War herodid South Carolina elect to the House
of Representatives? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. To what two groups of people, manyof whom truly wanted to help theSouth, did Southerners give insulting
names? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. What bill introduced by CharlesSumner and opposed by AlexanderStephens of Georgia, and others,offered civil freedom to African
Americans? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. When was this bill ruled
unconstitutional? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 19-4
Guided Reading Activities ★ 78 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Reconstruction EndsDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: As former Confederatesregained the right to vote, they tried to destroy the Republican party.
1. Detail: In ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooohundreds of white Democrats provokedriots and killed African Americans.
2. Detail: President ooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooo
refused to stop the violence. FormerAfrican American state senator
ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo led aneffort to distribute weapons to a militiaof whites and African Americans.
3. Detail: In other Southern states,
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
terrorized and murdered AfricanAmericans to prevent them from voting.
Main Idea: The Republicans also facedproblems from the economy.
4. Detail: The party was hurt by
oooooooooooooooo in the Grant administration.
5. Detail: A ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo in 1873caused most Republicans to focus onthe economy rather than on civil rights.
Main Idea: The election of 1876 produceda violent struggle between the parties.
6. Detail: By 1876 in the South,Republicans remained in power only in
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooooo , and ooooooooooooooooooooooo .
7. Detail: Political violence became so
extreme in oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo
that President Ulysses S. Grant sent infederal troops.
8. Detail: Election boards that countedvotes were still headed by
ooooooooooooooooo . They declared oooooooooooooooothe presidential winner.
9. Detail: To resolve the disputed vote,
Congress created an oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , which declaredRutherford B. Hayes President.
10. Detail: A Southern filibuster broughtforth a compromise in which Hayes
agreed to remove oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo from the South,
appoint a oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo to hiscabinet, and grant economic help.
11. Detail: After Reconstruction, Southern
states passed “oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo” laws, which sepa-rated African Americans from whites.
12. Detail: In Plessy v. Ferguson, theSupreme Court declared that
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo was legal.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 20-1C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 79 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Westward ExpansionDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. When and where was the firsttranscontinental railroad completed?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. Who were three Americans who grewrich and powerful from the construction
of railroads? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. Where did most of the railroad workers
come from? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. What name was given to towns thatemptied when miners moved on?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. Why was there so much opportunity
for profits in cattle raising? ooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. How did the Goodnight-Loving Trail
get its name? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. Why did Kansas railroad centersbecome known as cow towns?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. What are two reasons that the cattle
industry declined? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. What legislation encouraged farmers
to move to the West? oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. What were some solutions that pioneerfamilies used to adapt to life on the
Great Plains? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. Who led the Sioux off the reservation
in the Black Hills? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. When did the Americans capture
Geronimo? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. What legislation abolished collectiveland ownership for Native Americans?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
14. When and where did the final defeatof the Native Americans occur?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 20-2
Guided Reading Activities ★ 80 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
New American IndustriesDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: The United States changedfrom a nation of farmers to a modern,industrial nation.
1. Detail: Four resources, other than natural resources, that made expansionof American industry possible were
ooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooooooooo , and ooooooooooooooooooooooo .
2. Detail: Natural resources such as ironore, lead, zinc, and copper formed the
base of oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo
in the United States.
3. Detail: Important inventions includeda transatlantic cable laid by
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
4. oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo
developed the telephone.
5. oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo
led in the building of the first largepower plants.
6. oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo drilled thefirst oil well.
Main Idea: Wealth became concentratedin the hands of a few.
7. Detail: Business empires in oil, steel,and meatpacking were created by
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo , and
oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo .
8. Detail: Rockefeller’s Standard OilCompany, a corporation that controlled90 percent of the oil business in theUnited States by 1878, is an example
of a ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: Workers faced difficult working conditions and diminishingcontrol over their own lives.
9. Detail: The first national union toinclude skilled and unskilled workers
was the oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooo .
10. Detail: The ooooooooooooooooooooooooo becamethe most successful labor group in thecountry.
11. Detail: Few strikes succeededbetween 1865 and 1900. In general the public viewed labor unions in a
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo manner.
12. Government authorities usually sided
with ooooooooooooooooooooooooo rather than with
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 20-3C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 81 ★ Guided Reading Activities
New Immigrants, Modern CitiesDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. Starting Over
A. After 1870 more than one-half ofthe immigrants came from
oooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooo ,
oooooooooooooooooooo , and oooooooooooooooooooo .Most arrived in New York.
B. Most of the immigrants whoentered the country at San
Francisco came from oooooooooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooo .
II. Immigrants Face Discrimination
A. Immigrants became the target ofhostility. Some people, especiallyworkers, blamed immigrants for
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. Immigrants became easy targetsfor Americans who were disturbed
by rapid oooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooo .
III. Strangers in the City
A. Most immigrants settled in
American oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. African Americans congregated inan area of New York called
oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
C. Terrible living conditions existed in the cities. Americans wereshocked by the photographs that
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo
took of New York slums.
D. Some ministers demanded thatchurches help slum dwellers. They called this action the
“ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .”
E. Reformers campaigned for
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
better oooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooo and demanded
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo
and plumbing.
F. Fewer people died from diseases
like oooooooooooooooooooooooo and
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo
because of mandatory vaccinations.
G. Settlement houses provided food,education, and health care to immigrant families. The leader ofthe movement to establish these
houses was oooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooo . She established
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo
in Chicago in 1889.
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 20-4
Guided Reading Activities ★ 82 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Rural and Urban ReformsDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. In response to farmers’ problems,
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
founded the Patrons of Husbandry, or
the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , in 1867.
2. In 1891 farmers created their own
political party called the ooooooooooooooooooo ,
or oooooooooooooooooooooo , party.
3. Farmers called for nationalization in
hopes of ending oooooooooooooooooooooooooooohigh rates.
4. Farmers also wanted ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooo to pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes
than ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .
5. In addition, farmers wanted oooooooooooooo ,along with gold, to become the basisfor money.
6. “Goldbugs,” who were oooooooooooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooo pressured Congress tokeep the gold standard because itmeant enormous profits for them.
7. In the election of 1892, Democrat
ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo defeated
Populist oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo .
8. In the election of 1896, the Populistand Democratic candidate
oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooo
was defeated by the Republican
goldbug candidate, ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
9. The years between 1890 and 1917,
known as the ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo era,brought the realization of manyPopulist goals.
10. Progressive President oooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooo took office afterWilliam McKinley’s assassination.
11. Progressives won an important victorywhen their goal of ending the manu-facture, sale, and transportation ofliquor in the United States passed into
law as the ooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooo .
12. This was later repealed, however, by the
oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooo .
13. Another important Progressive goalwas realized with the ratification of the
ooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooo , which
gave ooooooooooooooooooooooo the right to vote.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 21-1C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 83 ★ Guided Reading Activities
World War I EraDIRECTIONS: Outlining Read the section and complete the outline below.Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
I. Becoming a World Power
A. In the late 1800s, the United Statessaw Asia and Latin America as
sources of new ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. In 1898 the United States annexed
oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo ,to oversee trade with China andJapan.
C. As a result of the Spanish-AmericanWar, the United States gained
oooooooooooooooooooo , oooooooooooooooooooo , and
oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo .
D. Theodore Roosevelt used his “bigstick” policy to gain control over the
oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo ,and helped the Panamanians over-
throw the oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
II. World War I
A. The Central Powers were
ooooooooooooooooooooo , the ooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooo, and ooooooooooooooooooooo .
B. In 1914 the Allies were ooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooo ,
ooooooooooooooooo , and ooooooooooooooooo , aswell as many smaller nations.
C. Loans to the ooooooooooooooooooooo , the
sinking of the oooooooooooooooooooooo in1915, the possibility of a secretalliance between Germany and
oooooooooooooooooooooo , and the sinking ofthree American ships in 1917 allhelped lead the United States to war.
D. The arrival of ooooooooooooooooooooootroops turned the tide of battle infavor of the Allies.
III. War’s Aftermath
A. By the end of the war, the worldlooked to the United States for
political, as well as ooooooooooooooooooooo ,leadership.
B. Woodrow Wilson’s oooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooo demanded freedom of the seas and a reduced militaryspending. It also suggested form-ing a
oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo .
C. After the war, France, Italy, andBritain wanted to punish
oooooooooooooooooooooo .
D. The United States rejected the
oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooo
on the grounds that the United Statesshould control its own decisions.
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 21-2
Guided Reading Activities ★ 84 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
Between Two WarsDIRECTIONS: Identifying Supporting Details Read each main idea. Use yourtextbook to supply the details that support or explain each main idea.
Main Idea: Between 1921 and 1929, someAmericans lived better than anypeople ever before in history.
1. Detail: Earlier inventions such as trolley cars, typewriters, and sewingmachines give Americans more
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
2. Detail: The decade of the 1920s
became known as the oooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
3. Detail: Americans enjoyed new forms
of entertainment such as oooooooooooooooooooo
and oooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: While some Americansenjoyed the roaring twenties, economicand social problems affected large segments of society.
4. Detail: Farmers were hurt by falling
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo prices.
5. Detail: Some Americans blamed thecountry’s problems on people whoseemed different, including Jews,
Roman Catholics, ooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooo , and ooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Main Idea: America’s economy skiddedto a halt in late October 1929.
6. Detail: The oooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooo crashed when prices dropped, people panicked, andinvestors who had bought on margincould not pay for their stock.
7. Detail: The Great Depression hit
workers in oooooooooooooooo especially hard.
8. Detail: A drought turned parts of the
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo intoa “dust bowl.”
9. Detail: Many blamed President
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo fortheir hard times.
Main Idea: President Franklin DelanoRoosevelt pushed revolutionary lawsthrough Congress to help the needyand aid economic recovery.
10. Detail: FDR promised Americans a
“ooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooo .”
11. Detail: FDR’s programs producedlasting effects, which included thegreatly increased power of the
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo and the greatly
increased size of the oooooooooooooooooooooooooo
oooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 21-3C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 85 ★ Guided Reading Activities
World War II EraDIRECTIONS: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Read the section and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. What form of government existed in
Italy, Germany, and Japan? ooooooooooooooooo
2. Who made up the Axis powers?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ,
and ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
3. When did the German army invade
Poland? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. Why did Great Britain and Franceappease the aggressive countries?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. Why did the United States declare waron Japan on December 8, 1941?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. What day is known as D-Day? ooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. Who became President when Franklin
Delano Roosevelt died? ooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. Where was the atomic bomb dropped?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. When did Japan surrender? ooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. How did the United States government
raise funds for the war? ooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. How did the American workforce
change during the war? ooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. Who was “Rosie the Riveter”? oooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. What group of people did the UnitedStates move to relocation camps?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
14. Whom did Hitler and the Nazi party blame for Germany’s economic
problems? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
15. Why was the United Nations formed?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Copyright ©
The M
cGraw
-Hill C
ompanies.
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 21-4
Guided Reading Activities ★ 86 ★ American History: The Early Years to 1877
The Cold War YearsDIRECTIONS: Recalling Facts Read the section and answer the questionsbelow. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.
1. What two countries emerged fromWorld War II as the world’s most
powerful nations? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
2. Why was the rivalry between thesetwo nations called a “cold war”?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
3. What part of what continent did theSoviet Union control after World War II?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
4. What military alliance against theSoviets did the United States join?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
5. What military alliance did the SovietUnion form with other Soviet-
controlled countries? ooooooooooooooooooooooooo
6. Why did America send its troops to
Korea? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
7. Who was President at the time?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
8. Who were the Vietcong? oooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
9. Which American President begansending troops to Vietnam?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
10. What happened in the United States asmore and more troops were sent to
Vietnam? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
11. At the end of the war, who took control
of Vietnam? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
12. Who led a nonviolent struggle for civilrights beginning with a bus boycott in
1955? oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
13. What tragedy occurred on November
22, 1963? ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
14. What piece of legislation guaranteedcertain rights to African Americans?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
15. What happened at the Watergate apart-ment building in Washington, D.C.?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
16. Why did Watergate shake American
confidence in government? oooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
17. Why did the cold war come to an end?
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Name ____________________________________ Date ________________ Class __________
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
Guided Reading Activity 21-5C
opyr
ight
© b
y T
he M
cGra
w-H
ill C
ompa
nies
.
American History: The Early Years to 1877 ★ 87 ★ Guided Reading Activities
Toward a New CenturyDIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Read the section and complete the sentences below. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks.
1. In response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, President George Bushassembled an international militarycoalition that he called Operation
oooooooooooooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
2. The war ended quickly. The ground
assault freed oooooooooooooooooooooooo .
3. By the late twentieth century, more Americans worked in
ooooooooooooooooooooooo than in manufacturing.
4. In the 1994 elections, the ooooooooooooooooooooogained control of both houses ofCongress for the first time in 40 years.
5. Bloody wars erupted around the world.
President ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo senttroops to Somalia, but President
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo withdrew them because he felt they were notadequately protected.
6. In 1991 the largest of the republics inthe former country of Yugoslavia,
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo , began wagingwar against the republics that haddeclared independence.
7. In the Middle East on September 13,1993, a historic peace agreement wasreached between Israeli Prime Minister
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
and Palestinian LiberationOrganization leader
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
8. Later, Israel worked out a peace treaty
with oooooooooooooooooooooooo , ending the stateof war that had existed between thetwo countries for nearly half a century.
9. To stay competitive in the world mar-ketplace, the United States agreed to the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo .
10. At home, Republicans and Democratsagreed on the need for reforms to the
ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo system, but argued
over ways to reduce the ooooooooooooooooooooo
ooooooooooooooooooooo causing temporary government shutdowns.
11. In 1996 oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo soughtreelection.
12. Americans approached the twenty-firstcentury as a free country committed to the truths expressed in the
oooooooooooooooooooo ooooooooooooo oooooooooooooooooooo .