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Growth of rural settlements

What is counter urbanisation?

• The movement of people and employment away from large cities to smaller settlements within rural areas (urban-rural migration).

• Common in MEDC, opposite to LEDC.

Why do people move away from cities?

1) Relocation of industries

• Traditional industries such as steel and textiles have closed.

• People move away from the city areas and move to the countryside where the quality of life is higher and they are near work.

Why do people move away from cities?

2) Pollution.

• The urban areas have a higher level of air and noise pollution than the rural areas from industry, traffic etc.

Why do people move away from cities?

3) Crime

• There are higher crime rates in the urban areas due to a higher population size. Crime rates can also be linked to unemployment.

Why do people move away from cities?

4) Congestion

• The urban areas are congested and it can take along time to get anywhere. Parking is often a problem for residents in urban areas eg Cambridge.

Why do people move away from cities?

5) Lack of Open Space

• As land is expensive in the urban areas, there is limited space for children to play etc. The rural areas have unlimited space for children etc.

Why do people move away from cities?

6) Improved transport links

• Since transport links (eg buses, trains) have improved and developed, people do not need to live near their work. They can live in the rural areas and still get to work in the urban area easily.

Why do people move away from cities?

7) Improved quality of life

• People generally believe that their quality of life is improved by living in rural areas as they do not live as near to other people, they believe it is safer and quieter and houses are larger with gardens etc.

Who moves out?

• Wealthy urban residents. These groups have the money to afford the cost of travel to work and to use the services / amenities nearby by car or public transport.

• Families who want more open space and a safer, less polluted environment to bring their children up in.

• Elderly people

What are the Effects of Counterurbanisation (growth of rural

settlements) ?1) Population.• The number of people and type of people change. • There is often friction between the locals and the ‘commuters’.2) Settlement size and shape. • New houses are built which often change the traditional character of the

village.3)Function. • The rural villages were mainly homes for agricultural workers and had

limited services and amenities eg local shop, church. • Now as the population increases, villages are becoming

SUBURBANISED. This means that they have many more services eg restaurants, hairdressers and the villages seem like urban areas. The functions of the settlement are therefore increasing eg residential, industrial, entertainment etc.

4) Environment• The rural roads become congested and noisy

Bottisham Case Study

• Population- 2000• 5 miles east of Cambridge• In 1800 Bottisham village had 55 houses.The

total number of inhabited houses rose to 255 by 1831 and c. 330 in the 1850s

• The later 20th century saw rapid growth, c. 60 houses were built both in the 1950s and the 1970s, over 200 in the 1960s. A sewage works to cater for 3,070 people begun west of Bottisham park in the late 1950s was finished by 1964. The largest development was the Park Estate of over 150 houses begun c. 1960

• Describe the problems or benefits that change has brought to the local community.