Post on 27-May-2020
© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Daniel Brooks
Speaker’s Job Title
Sept 2016 Advisory Committee
2016 Sept 19: Hollywood, FL
Grid Operations & PlanningR&D Area Overview
2© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Grid Operations & Planning R&D Area at a Glance
Grid Operations • Advanced Operator Visualization
• Alarm Management
• Synchrophasor Applications
• Operating Limit Assessment
• VAr/Voltage Management & Control
• System Restoration Support
Grid Planning • Modeling & Model Validation
• System Protection
• Risk-Based Planning
• Contingency Screening
• Cascading Event Analysis
• Special Studies (GMD, TOV, etc.)
Model Development & Validation
Reliability Analysis Methods/Tools
Economic Analysis Methods/Tools
Decision Support Methods/Tools
Operator/Planner Reference Guides
Common approach to all programs
Market Operations
• Market Design
• Market Software Implementation
• Price Formation
• Energy, Ancillary Services, FTRs,
Capacity
Bulk Renewables Integration
• Modeling & Protection
• Flexibility Planning
• Op Tools for Variability & Uncertainty
• Voltage & Frequency
• DER Impacts on Bulk System
3© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
F
3.9
2.3
1.9
4.1
1.92.2
4.1 3.9
2.4
0
1
2
3
4
P39 P40 P173
2014
2015
2016
Collaboration, Leverage, & Member Engagement
Task Force Participation
R&D Area Funding Trend Program Funding/Leverage Trends
0.0
4.0
8.0
12.0
2014 2015 2016 YTD
8.1 8.310.4
2.1 2
0.9
Supp
ARP
$M
$M
0
50
100
150
200
2014 2015 2016 YTD
38 48 48
140
170151
Companies
Participants
New in 2016 Total ARP Funders
32
37
42
Total GO&P
40
36
44
2014 2015 2016• ESB Networks
• Exelon
• Georgia Trans. Co.
• ITC
• LADWP
• National Grid
• Portland General
• PSE&G
• Xcel Energy
4© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Key GO&P Research Areas
Resiliency and Restoration
Situational AwarenessRenewables/DER Integration
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
1.20
1.30
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Vol
tage
(p.u
.)
Time (s)
pHVRT ORaHVRT - "as you were"
Tripped
1.30 p.u. 1.30 p.u.0.16 s
13 s
1.10 p.u.1.20 p.u.
0.00 p.u.
0.88 p.u.
0.00 p.u.
0.50 p.u.
21 s
Continuous Operation
aLVRT - "as you were"
aLVRT - "as you were"
OR
pLVRT
Tripped
0.16 s
0.32 s2 s
2 s
21 s
1
2
1
Legend
range of adustability
default value
must-trip zones
voluntary ride-through
mandatory ride-throughand operating regionsdescribing performance
Ride-through or trip is allowed(voluntary ride-through)
voluntaryride-through
Ride-through ortrip is allowed
(voluntary ride-through)
0.88 p.u.
NERCPRC-024-2
0.15 s
Category II(EPRI Proposal)
Modeling & Model Validation
LD1PAC
model
5© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Key GO&P Research Areas – T&S Relationship
Resiliency and Restoration
1. GMD study guidelines
2. Resiliency investment
decision framework
3. Optimized restoration plans
& real-time ops
Situational Awareness
1. Alarm management
2. Ops protection visualization
3. Integrating equipment health
into ops
Renewables/DER Integration
1. Protection models for
inverter-based resources
Modeling & Model Validation
1. HVDC models
6© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
GO&P Transmission System Protection Research
System Protection
Tools (40.18)
•Modeling protection in Planning
•Post-Fault Analysis tools
•Emerging protection guidelines
•Relay setting Evaluation Tools
Station A Station B
Station C (tapped)
Wind/PV Protection
Impacts (173.09)
•Wind/PV short-circuit models
•Protection Guideline for systems
with high wind/PV penetrations
Gearbox
Grid
Step down
transformer
Wind
turbine
iPMSG
Stator-Side
ConverterGrid-Side
Converter
ig
IL , PL
Online Protection
Security Assessment (39.11)
•Operator awareness of protection
system status change/failures
•Ops support engineer fault
analysis
Station A
Station B
Station C
Station D
Backup
Protection
Operates
Relay trips, CB opens
• 0.055 s: Station D: Station A TRIP
• 0.350 s: Station B: Station A TRIP
• 0.350 s: Station C: Station A TRIP
• Station A load lost
Standalone distance relay fails in service
EMS Alarm: “Station A - Station B Main 1 Relay Fail”
7© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Protection Relay Settings Evaluation Tool
Evaluate coordination of
protection across whole grid
– Applies multiple fault types
across all lines on a grid
Flags relay misoperations,
fast/slow trips, uncleared faults
View results in web browser &
store in database for simple
reporting, trending over time
Proactively identify & avert
potential mis-operations!
CAPE Macro released 2015, ASPEN Macro due 2016
8© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Define Fault Study and Protection Criteria
Study grid by voltage
class, region, or # buses
of a selected busbar
Study various fault
scenario combinations:
• System scenarios
• Fault Types
• Fault Locations
Define critical protection
performance metrics
9© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
System Simulator
Station A
Station B
Station C
Station D
Fault occurs
10© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
System Simulator – First CB opens
Station A
Station B
Station C
Station D
Relay trips, CB opens
Fault occurs
• 0.055 s: Station D: Station A, GR_IOC
11© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
System Simulator – Second CB opens (mis-op)
Station A
Station B
Station C
Station D
Misoperation of
Protection
Fault occurs
Relay trips, CB opens
• 0.055 s: Station D: Station A, GR_IOC
• 0.075 s: Station C: Station A, GR_IOC
12© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
System Simulator – Third CB opens, fault cleared
Station A
Station B
Station C
Station D
Fault occurs
Relay trips, CB opens
• 0.055 s: Station D: Station A, GR_IOC
• 0.075 s: Station C: Station A, GR_IOC
• 0.418 s: Station A: Station D, Z2_G
Misoperation of
Protection
13© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
CAPE/ASPEN Macros – Results – Web Browser
• Output file in XML file format; View
in Web Browser, Excel, Access
• High-level results per fault; index to
details if issues identified
14© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Grid Ops & Planning HVDC Research
2016 HVDC Ops & Planning Activities
162-D: apply planning guide in example studies
– Update planning guide base on studies
P40.016 dynamic (stability) model development work on Sched
39.015: HVDC as actuator for Power Oscillation Damping
HVDC Ops & Planning Activities Going Forward
40.016: Complete VSC model; multi-terminal HVDC
39.013: HVDC as blackstart resource
40.018: System protection with HVDC
15© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
EPRI HVDC Modeling Efforts -- P40.016 Modeling & Validation
Power-flow – Previously existed
Dynamics (95% done)
– PowerTech Labs TSAT Beta complete
– Siemens PTI PSS®E Beta near complete
– GE PSLF Beta near complete
– PowerWorld Beta near complete
+
_
-
+
Id1
Id2
Id1 – Id2
(ground return current)
Rectifier Station
To ac system To ac system
Filter Banks Filter Banks
Inverter Station
1:Tr
1:Tr 1:Ti
1:Ti
Idc
To ac system To ac system
Filter Banks Filter Banks
Vdcr
Rdc
Vdci
P (MW)
Q (MVAr)
Capacitive VarsInductive Vars
Inverter action
Rectifier action
MW
into grid
MW
from grid
Conventional Line-Commutated
VSC-HVDC
First Tackling Point-to-Point HVDC Models
Power-flow – Complete in all platforms
Dynamics (95% done)
– Prelim. specs discussed at WECC TF
– Initial feedback: ABB, Siemens and GE
– Draft model specs by Nov 2016
16© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Equip planners to evaluate HVDC for
economic & reliability transmission
Summary of HVDC technologies
Potential Applications & benefits
HVDC Interaction with AC grid
Guidance on required studies
Scope and Objective:
Point-to-point & Multi-terminal
Highlight and explain important HVDC
planning/study considerations
Doesn’t cover all aspects in great
detail
PS162-D: HVDC Planning Guidelines
2015 Concise report that outlines HVDC planning considerations
2016+ Case study to apply report for various study efforts
17© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity