Post on 22-Oct-2015
What is Grid Computing?
• Grid Computing is the combination of computer resources from multiple administrative domains.
• Computational Grids
– Homogeneous
– Heterogeneous
• “The Grid: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure”, Kesselman & Foster
Criteria for a Grid*:
1. Coordinates resources that are not subject to centralized control.
2. Uses standard, open, general-purpose protocols and interfaces.
3. Delivers nontrivial qualities of service.
Grid Computing Concept
1. Many heterogeneous computers over the whole world can be used to provide a lot of CPU power and data storage capacity
2. Applications can be executed at several locations
3. Combining geographically distributed services
4. Collaboration5. Seamless access, Web
services
Computational Grids• A network of geographically distributed resources
including computers, peripherals, switches, instruments, and data.
• Each user should have a single login account to access all resources.
• Grids are typically managed by gridware. • Gridware can be viewed as a special type of
middleware that enable sharing and manage grid components based on user requirements and resource attributes (e.g., capacity, performance, availability…)
ResourcesAnything that your application might need
1. Computing – CPU type and speed, memory size
2. Data Centers – capacity, sharing
3. Communications Network – connectivity, bandwidth
4. Software and Licences – OS, local tools and libraries
5. Special equipment, services
Non-Technical Characteristics
1.Authorisation Policies
– for example: for medical use only
2. Accounting
Grid MiddlewareSoftware that connects other software components orapplications to provide the following functions:(1) Run applications on suitable available resources – Brokering, Scheduling
(2)Provide uniform, high-level access to resources – Semantic interfaces – Web Services, Service Oriented Architectures
(3)Address inter-domain issues of security, policy, etc. – Federated Identities
(4)Provide application-level status – monitoring and control
Human Interfaces of Grid
1.User portal or client tools – Job definition, submission, control, monitoring and
resultcollection – Available grid capacity monitoring2. Resource Provider – Sharing based on characteristics – Installation, administration and maintenance.3. Administrator – Grid status monitoring – User and resource management – Middleware and server maintenance
Grid Topologies
1)Intragrid – Local grid within an organization – Trust based on personal contracts2) Extragrid – Resources of a consortium of organizations
connected through a (Virtual) Private Network – Trust based on Business to Business contracts3)Intergrid – Global sharing of resources through the internet – Trust based on certification
Methods of Grid Computing
1. Distributed Supercomputing
2. High-Throughput Computing
3. On-Demand Computing
4. Data-Intensive Computing
5. Collaborative Computing
6. Logistical Networking
Cousins of Grid Computing
• Parallel Computing
• Distributed Computing
• Peer-to-Peer Computing
• Many others: Cluster Computing, Network Computing, Client/Server Computing, Internet Computing, etc...
Grid Computing Benefits
1. Exploitation of Under-Utilized Resources
2. Reduces Computational Time
3. Provide Information Access
4. Reduces cost by optimizing existing IT infrastructure
5. Offers improved reliability
6. Effective management of resources
Conclusion…
• Hardware acceleration is offered to both local and remote users.
• Resources are available through an efficient and easy-to-use interface.
• A development environment is provided for devising and testing a wide variety of software, hardware and hybrid solutions.
• It is especially beneficial for applications with high demands for processing and storage, such as modeling, animations, Engineering, digital video production, or biomedical studies.