Post on 31-Dec-2015
Graphics,Graphics, Hypermedia, Hypermedia,
and and MultimediaMultimedia
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Focus on Computer Graphics
• Computer graphics include:
– Painting Software
– Digital Image Processing
– Drawing Software
– 3-D Modeling Software
– CAD/CAM
– Presentation Software
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Painting Software
GrAphicS
Pixels: tiny dots of white, black or color arranged on the screen
Bit-Mapped Graphics: pictures that are simple maps showing how the pixels should be arranged on the screen
J a r g o n
Resolution: the number of pixels (dots) per inch
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Use pointing devices to “paint” objects, shapes or freehand script on the screen
Painting Software
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Painting Software
Painting tools are used to create drawings
A variety of special effects can be added
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Outlinedshapes can be filled with colors
Painting Software
Windows Paint
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Digital Image Processing:Photographic Editing by
Computer
Why Digital Imaging Software?
Provides a powerful way to edit high resolution images captured by digital cameras and scanners
Allows photographs to be edited and combined (think of the supermarket tabloids)
Offers a way to touch up pictures and make them look more professional and polished
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Digital Image Processing
Start with this photo…
Combine it with other images to create this… Or this…
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Digital Image Processing:Software
Adobe Photoshop
Acquires images
Manipulates pixels
Layers – edited and stored independently
Used by professionals
Saves in other formats
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Digital Image Processing:Software
Coral PhotoPaint
Adobe Photoshop Elements
Microsoft Picture It!
Jasc Paint Shop
Apple iPhoto
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Drawing:Object-Oriented Graphics
Object-Oriented Software offers drawing tools similar to painting software
Pointing devices are used to create various shapes
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Drawing
Shapes in Object-Oriented Software:– Are stored as formulas (not pixels)
that describe how to draw that shape
– Drawings are smoother and require less memory than bit-mapped drawings
– Resolution is not fixed
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Drawing: Software
• Adobe Illustrator
• Macromedia Freehand
• Corel Draw
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Painting Pixels vs.Drawing Object Shapes
– You have more control over textures, shading, and fine detail
– Use for creating screendisplays (for video games, multimedia presentations, and Web pages)
When painting with pixels:
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Painting Pixels vs.Drawing Object Shapes
When painting with pixels:
– Use for simulatingnatural paint media
– Use to embellishphotographic images
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Painting Pixels vs.Drawing Object Shapes
When drawing object shapes:
– shapes and lines are cleaner and smoother
– use for creating printed graphs, charts, and illustrations
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Graphics File Formats
• Tiff – bit-mapped, images from scanners, widely supported
• EPS – encapsulated postscript
• Native file formats
• For commercial printing
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Graphics File Formats
• BMP – Windows bit-map
• PICT – Macintosh, both bit-mapped and object-oriented
Platform dependent Paint programs
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Graphics File Formats:for the WEB
GIF
• 256 possible colours
• Lossless compression
JPEG
• Photo-realistic
• Lossy compression
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Presentation graphics software is used to create visual aids for:
– Lectures
– Training and education sessions
– Sales and product demonstrations
– Meetings
Presentation Graphics:Bringing Lectures to Life
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Presentation Graphics:Bringing Lectures to Life
– Users can Enter textin outline form
– Enhance text with font and style changes, clip art, audio, and videoclips
– Add Special effects and transitions to computer “slide shows”(like this one)
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CAD/CAM: From Picturesto Products
Engineers,architects, and designersuse CAD/CAMsoftware to designor manufactureproducts
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CAD/CAM: From Pictures to Products
– CAD (computer-aided design) is a modern drafting tool for designers
• Designs can be tested under various conditions before being built
– CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) is a program that controls the manufacturing of parts• CAM uses data from a CAD program
to build the part that was designed
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• Modern media often contains dynamic information that changes over time or in response to user input
Dynamic Media:Beyond the Printed Page
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Animation: Graphics in Time
Create the illusionof animation fromstill images with animated graphics
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Animation: Graphics in Time
• Tedious tasks have been automated with computers and animation software
• Toy Story was the first full-length animated movie created on a computer
• Artist draws the key frames only
• In-between frames are computer-drawn
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3-D Modeling Software
Illustrators and designers use this software to add depth to two dimensional objects
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Objects can be stretched…rotated … and combined with other objects
3-D Modeling Software
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3-D Modeling Software
Volume based
• Medicine and scientific visualization
Surface based
• Photo-realistic
• TV, movies, computer games
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3-D Modeling Software
Surface based
• High performance computers and custom software
• E.G. Jurassic Park: dinosaurs are 6.5 minutes
• Required 50 people, 18 months and $15 million equipment
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3-D Modeling Process
Model description
– Solids
– Polygon surface
– Wire-frame
• Artist models (defines) a 3-D actor
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3-D Animation
• Places the 3-D actor into the scene
• Scene is composed of multiple actors and background and timing and camera movement
• Scenes are rendered: computer software does the lighting, shading, perspective, hidden surface removal
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Desktop Video:Computers, Film and TV
Video digitizers allow you to capture analog video images as digital data that can be stored and manipulated in the computer’s memory
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Interactive Multimedia:Eye, Ear, Hand, and Mind
Combine text, graphics, animation, video, music,
or sound effects in such a way that the user takes an active part in the experience
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Multimedia Authoring:Making Mixed Media
Create and edit multimedia projects.
– Begin with source documents (text, graphics, video clips, music, and sound files)
– Multimedia authoring software allows you to combine the individual sources
– Authoring software allows the project to be interactive (requiring the user to take an active role)