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PRESENTATION
ON
ABHISHEK BORA
08ET402002FINAL YEAR,ECE
JECRC,JNU
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INTRODUCTION
Introduction
What is GPU?
It is a processor optimized for 2D/3D graphics,
video, visual computing, and display. It is highly parallel, highly multithreaded
multiprocessor optimized for visual computing.
It provide real-time visual interaction with computed
objects via graphics images, and video.
It serves as both a programmable graphics processorand a scalable parallel computing platform.
Heterogeneous Systems: combine a GPU with a CPU
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GPU Evolution
1980s No GPU. PC used VGA controller 1990s Add more function into VGA controller 1997s 3D acceleration functions:
Hardware for trianglesetup and rasterizationTexture mappingShading
2000 A single chip graphics processor(named GPU) 2005 Massively parallel programmable processors 2007 CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture)
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GPU Graphic Trends
OpenGL an open standard for 3D programming
DirectX a series of Microsoft multimedia
programming Interfaces
New GPU are being developed every 12 to 18 months
New idea of visual computing: combines graphicsprocessing and parallel computing
Heterogeneous System CPU + GPU
GPU evolves into scalable parallel processor
GPU Computing: GPGPU and CUDA GPU unifies graphics and computing
GPU visual computing application: OpenGL, and DirectX
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What is OpenGL?
OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a standard
specification defining a cross-language, cross-
platform applications that produce 2D and 3D computer
graphics.
The interface consists of over 250different function callswhich can be used to draw complex three-dimensional scenes
from simple primitives.
OpenGL wasdeveloped by Silicon Graphics Inc. (SGI) in
1992 and iswidely used in CAD, virtual reality,scientific
visualization, information visualization, flight simulation,and video games.
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What is DirectX ?
DirectX is a collection of application programming interfaces (APIs) for
handling tasks related to multimedia, especially game programming and
video, on Microsoft platforms.
Originally, the names of these APIs all began with Direct, such
as Direct3D, DirectDraw, DirectMusic, DirectPlay, DirectSound, and so
forth.
The name DirectXwas coined as shorthand term for all of these APIs
(the X standing in for the particular API names) and soon became the
name of the collection. When Microsoft later set out to develop a gaming console, the X was
used as the basis of the name Xbox to indicate that the console was
based on DirectX technology.
The first version ofDirectX was released in September 1995 (DirectX
1.0).
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GPU System Architectures
CPU-GPU system architecture
The Historical PC
Contemporary PC with Intel and AMDGPUs
Graphics Logical Pipeline
Basic Unified GPUArchitecture
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HISTORICAL PC
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INTEL ANDAMD CPU
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GRAPHICS LOGICAL PIPELINE
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BASIC UNIFIED GPU ARCHITECTURE
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Vertex shaders
Vertexshaders are run once for each vertex given to the
graphics processor. The purpose is to transform each vertex's 3D position in
virtual space to the 2D coordinate at which it appears on
thescreen (aswell as a depth value for the Z-buffer).
Vertexshaders can manipulate propertiessuch as position,
color, and texture coordinate, but cannot create newvertices.
The output of the vertexshader goes to the next stage in
the pipeline,which iseither a geometry shader if present
or the
raste
rize
r othe
rw
ise
.
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Geometry shaders
Geometry shaders are a relatively new type of shader,
introduced in Direct3D 10 and OpenGL 3.2; formerly
available in OpenGL 2.0+ with the use of extensions.
This type of shader can generate new graphics primitives,such as points, lines, and triangles, from those primitives that
were sent to the beginning of the graphics pipeline.
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Pixel shader
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Graphic cards
A video card, display card, graphics card, or graphics adapter is
an expansion card which generates output images to a display.
Most video cards offer various functions such as accelerated
rendering of 3D scenes and 2D graphics.
MPEG-2/MPEG-4 decoding, TV output, or the ability toconnect multiple monitors (multi-monitor).
Video hardware is often integrated into the motherboard,
however all modern motherboards provide expansion ports to
which a video card can be attached. In this configuration it is
sometimes referred to as a video controller or graphics
controller.
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This graphics chip usually has a small quantity of embedded
memory and takes some of the system's main RAM, reducing the
total RAM available.
This is usually called integrated graphics oron-board graphics,and is low-performance and undesirable for those wishing to run
3D applications.
A dedicated graphics card on the other hand has its own RAM and
Processor specifically for processing video images, and thus
offloads this work from the CPU and system RAM. Almost all of these motherboards allow the disabling of the
integrated graphics chip in BIOS, and have an AGP, PCI, or PCI
Express slot for adding a higher-performance graphics card in place
of the integrated graphics.
Graphic cards
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Graphics card manufacturers
Now these days there are many companies manufactures graphics card.
I. ATI
II. NVIDIA
III. ASUS
IV. Sapphire
V. EVGA
VI. GeCube
VII. POV (Point ofView), etc.
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Specifications for a good graphics card
1. It should support latest version ofOpenGL.
2. It should support latest DirectX.
3. It should have cop-up tendency.
4. Capability to work under high speed.
5. Compact in size.
6. Provide better 3D vision .
7. It should have multi display technology.
8. Less heating tendency.
9. Less consumption of electricity.10.Outputs will be both HDMI orVGA.
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