Post on 27-Mar-2015
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Thoughts from a different planet
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Thoughts from a different planet(Only slightly different).
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Some activities in parallel worlds.Some thoughts on metadata and models.
A contextual approach to metadata – 2 examples.Some thoughts on FRBR.
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
The nice thing about standards is that there are so many of them to choose from.
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
An appallingly inaccurate summary of the development
of metadata standards and identifiersfor content and media.
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
FRBR
Handle
Multimedia
ISRC
ISAN
ISMN CIS
Dublin Core
IMS
DOI
IIM
ISWC
url
urnSICI
Books
Audio
Audiovisual
Libraries
Copyright
Journals
Magazines
Newspapers
STANDARDS
Education
MARC
CAE
ISBN
ISSN
Music
Texts
EAN
Technology
Archives Museums
UPC
ISO codes
today1980s mid 90’s
ERMIIPI
UMIDISTCSMPTE
DMCS
EPICS
ONIX
LOM
abc
<indecs>
MPEG7
MPEG21
ISO11179
RDFXML schema
IPDA
PRISMeBooks
OeBF
NITFCIDOC
CrossRef
P/META
XrML
uri
BICIMPEG21 RDD/REL
MI3P
SCORMNewsML
GRidMPid
MWLI
SAN
V-ISANERMI
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
MI3P (Music Industry Integrated Identifiers Project) (www.mi3p.org)
Four year development funded by recording industry (RIAA/IFPI) and copyright societies (CISAC/BIEM), supported by DSPs (“Digital Service Providers”).Managed by Rightscom.Standard to be declared May or June this year.
25+ XML message schemas for- declaring new digital releases- declaring rights claims
- declaring deals - reporting sales
Three new identifiers:GRID (Global Release ID) (Release = “box” of digital resources)MWLI (Musical Work License Identifier)MPID (Mi3p Party ID)
Makes use of ISRC, ISWC, ICPN and any others needed.Releases may contain digital audio, text, audiovisual, image, software – doesn’t have to include music: so MI3p is a generic multimedia standard.
Ongoing development of many new messages and identifiers.
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
ONIX (Online Information Exchange) (www.editeur.org)
Five years of message standards for text publishers.Managed by publishing industry standards body EDItEUR.Being widely implemented globally – data quality mixed.Being used a reference model for systems development.
Messages –ONIX for Books v2.1 (v 3 expected).ONIX for Serials (SPS – Subscription Products, SOH – Online
Holdings) in development. ONIX for DOI Registration.ONIX for Multimedia?ONIX LicensingTerms Message (first draft April 2005).
A generic licensing terms message, but first implementation (we hope) by journal publishers and digital libraries (“ONIX/ERMI”).
Onix Products may contain digital audio, text, audiovisual, image, software: so ONIX is a generic multimedia standard.
Ongoing development of many new messages (and identifiers?).
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Why not one multimedia content metadata standard?
Different starting points.Different functional requirements.Different levels of granularity for different things.Different “views” of reality.
The days of “one size fits all” standards are over.
But domains are now overlapping and becoming “liquid”. MI3P will need to accommodate ONIX metadata, and vice versa.
The challenge now is interoperability and re-purposing.
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Ontologyx (pronounced “onto-logics”)
Ontologyx was formed in 2003 to provide solutions for data interoperability using contextual semantics.
Its core resource is Ontology_X - an ontology which can include schemes and terminology from any domain, mapped together through the use of its Context Model (which is really cool).
Ontology_X is being built to answer the question: how can I preserve meaning and re-purpose data when combining information from different data sources, whether internal and external?
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
<indecs> project (1998-2000) brought music, text, visual and audiovisual industry groups together to address metadata interoperability - <indecs> framework resulted.
(The <indecs> project compared notes with Tom Delsey and others on FRBR and with the CIDOC CRM developers).
MPEG-21 Rights Data Dictionary 2001-3, backed by consortium including IFPI/RIAA (recording), MPAA (film), IDF and EDItEUR (text).
Ontologyx created as a brand of Rightscom in October 2003 to develop services and IP based on Ontology_X.
Ontologyx background
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
ExpressionExpression
FixationFixation
Abstract
Spatio-Temporal
Tangible
Atoms/bits “I made it”
Actions “I did it”
Thoughts “I conceived it”
Identifiersinclude...ISWCISANPIIDOI
Fixed in
Abstracted to
Creation primary typesDiagram 5Generic Metadata Schema
Diagram 10
Identifiers include...ISBNISSNUPC/EANDOI
Identifiers
include...ISRC
UMIDDOI
AbstractionAbstraction
Expressed in
Abstracted to
<indecs>
Version 2.1 © MUZE Inc April 1999
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
27,000 terms.
c 23,000 of them are “Relators”.
It is half a million “triple” statements (everything is a relationship).
Can be expressed in different schemas and languages (eg SQL, RDF and OWL) but has its own underlying “neutral” syntax.
Has a dozen ontologies mapped within it (some under development) including MI3P, ONIX, MPEG21 RDD and (a draft) MARC21 ontology.
All terms in each mapped scheme have an “IsSameAs” counterpart in Ontology_X, so it grows as an “ontology of ontologies”.
All triples are “asserted” by at least one authority but can be asserted or denied by any number of authorities (“who sez?”).
Ontology_X can support conflicting world views. It is a deeply postmodern ontology.
Ontology_X structure
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Supports the MI3P and ONIX message developments, the IDF metadata profiles and will support the MPEG-21 Rights Data Dictionary.
Used as a basis for systems design by commercial clients – several initial implementations under way (it’s early days yet…).
Ontology_X includes schemas as well as simple term heirarchies. It can contain (for example) the complete specification for MARC21, including all syntactic components.
But it is a very polite ontology and keeps itself quietly out of the way while the message standards get the public attention.
Two projects in 2005 have brought us into the library domain:
- ONIX LicensingTerms Message
- JISC “TIME” project – eBook Metadata Testbed – transformation of eBook metadata between MARC21, ONIX, Dublin Core (and LOM?) schemes. Completing December 2005.
Ontology_X use
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Metadata is a set of relationships.
21HasAuthor
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Metadata is a set of relationships.
21HasAuthorHasTitleIsPriceOf
HasDescriptionHasForeword
IsColorOfIsPlaceOfCreationOf
IsAdaptationOfHasDateOfPublication
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Metadata is a set of relationships.
21HasAuthorHasTitleIsPriceOf
HasDescriptionHasForeword
IsColorOfIsPlaceOfCreationOf
IsAdaptationOfHasDateOfPublication
HasDateOfPublicationInGermany
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Metadata is a set of relationships.
21HasAuthorHasTitleIsPriceOf
HasDescriptionHasForeword
IsColorOfIsPlaceOfCreationOf
IsAdaptationOfHasDateOfPublication
HasDateOfPublicationInGermanyHasSmallTextualBitAtTheBeginningWhichMayOrMayNotBeWrittenBySomeoneEls
e
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Metadata is a point of view.
21HasAuthor
2 1IsAuthorOf
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Some things don’t matter too much to some people.So they get names rather than identifiers.
1 HasAuthor: John Smith
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Some things don’t matter too much to some people.So they get names rather than identifiers.
1 HasAuthor: John Smith
Don’t let that fool you.Names are just lazy identifiers who are averse to
forming committed relationships.
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Some things don’t matter too much to some people.So they get names rather than identifiers.
1 HasAuthor: John Smith
Don’t let that fool you.Names are just lazy identifiers who are averse to
forming committed relationships.Keep an eye on the underlying data model.
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
The universal data model.
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
The universal data model.
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
A point or portion of time which forms a temporal parameter of a Context.
A point or portion of three-dimensional or virtual space which forms a spatial parameter of a Context.
An intersection of time and place.
A Term which describes the nature of a relationship between one entity and another.
The characteristic activity or state of a Context
An Entity in a Context playing a role other than that of Time or Place.
Resource
Resource
Context
Time Place
Verb
1-n 1-n
0-n
RelatorRelator
Relator
Ontologyx™ semantics are based on the principle that meaning is derived from the specific roles which entities play in events.
This is expressed through the underlying Context Model to which all terms are related.
These are the primitive elements of the ontology.
Contexts are of two kinds: Events in which (or as a result of which) something changes, and States, in which they don’t.
The Ontologyx Context Model
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Contexts can deal with any kind of activity or state
egOriginatePayCopyTransformDigitizeDeleteAgreePublishProhibitRecordCommissionAggregate
EditJPGIssueInvoiceType99RunProgram123CropRectangularBitmapImageFilmWithCameraType12345DistributeInGermanyOnWednesdaysDanceWithNeighborWithGreenHat
The Ontologyx Context Model
Create Conceive CreatePerceivableOutput Express Perform Fix Say Write Speak ExpressAbout Assert Permit Prohibit Require Deny Agree Declare Ascribe MakeBinaryRelationship Specialize Classify SpecializeContextualClass SpecializeRelator Partition Represent Nominate Identify
These verbs are organized into an ontological hierarchy
NBThis is an illustrative subset of the OntologyX “Family Tree”
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
Time
Adaptor
Adaptation
Source of Adaptation
AdaptingEvent
Time ofAdapting
Place ofAdapting
#5 #6
#2
#1
#3
#4
Adapt
The Ontologyx Context Model
An Adaptation event
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
Time
Adaptor
Adaptation
Source of Adaptation
AdaptingEvent
Time ofAdapting
Place ofAdapting
#5 #6
#2
#1
#3
#4IsAdaptorInContext
#2 IsAdaptorInContext #1
#1 IsContextOfAdaptor #2
Adapt
The Ontologyx Context Model
An Adaptation event
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
Time
Adaptor
Adaptation
Source of Adaptation
AdaptingEvent
Time ofAdapting
Place ofAdapting
#5 #6
#2
#1
#3
#4
IsAdaptedBy
#3 IsAdaptedBy #2
#2 IsAdaptorOf #3
The Ontologyx Context Model
An Adaptation event
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
All possible statements about the simplest Adaptation event
Resource
Time
Adaptor
Adaptation
Source of Adaptation
AdaptingEvent
Time ofAdapting
Place ofAdapting
#5 #6
#2
#1
#3
#4
#1 icoAdaptor #2#1 icoAdaptation #3#1 icoSourceOfAdaptation #4#1 icoTimeOfAdapting #5#1 icoPlaceOfAdapting #6#2 IsAdaptorInContext #1#3 IsAdaptationInContext #1#4 IsSourceOfAdaptationInContext #1#5 IsTimeOfAdaptingInContext #1#6 IsPlaceOfAdaptingInContext #1#2 IsAdaptorOf #3#3 IsAdaptedBy #2#2 IsAdaptorFrom #4#4 IsSourceOfAdaptationUsedBy #2#2 IsAdaptorAtTime #5#5 IsTimeOfAdaptingBy #2#2 IsAdaptorInPlace #6#6 IsPlaceOfAdaptor #2#3 IsAdaptedFrom #4#4 IsSourceOfAdaptationOf #3#3 IsAdaptationAtTime #5#5 IsTimeOfAdaptation #3#3 IsAdaptationInContextWithPlaceOfAdaptor #6#6 IsPlaceOfAdaptation #3#4 IsSourceOfAdaptationAtTime #5#5 IsTimeOfAdaptingFromSource #4#4 IsSourceOfAdaptationInPlace #6#6 IsPlaceOfAdaptingFromSource #4#5 IsTimeOfAdaptingInPlace #6#6 IsPlaceOfAdaptingAtTime #5
The Ontologyx Context Model – Family Relational View
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
Time
Adaptor
Adaptation
Source of Adaptation
AdaptingEvent
Time ofAdapting
Place ofAdapting
#5 #6
#2
#1
#3
#4
#1 icoAdaptor #2#1 icoAdaptation #3#1 icoSourceOfAdaptation #4#1 icoTimeOfAdapting #5#1 icoPlaceOfAdapting #6#2 IsAdaptorInContext #1#3 IsAdaptationInContext #1#4 IsSourceOfAdaptationInContext #1#5 IsTimeOfAdaptingInContext #1#6 IsPlaceOfAdaptingInContext #1#2 IsAdaptorOf #3#3 IsAdaptedBy #2#2 IsAdaptorFrom #4#4 IsSourceOfAdaptationUsedBy #2#2 IsAdaptorAtTime #5#5 IsTimeOfAdaptingBy #2#2 IsAdaptorInPlace #6#6 IsPlaceOfAdaptor #2#3 IsAdaptedFrom #4#4 IsSourceOfAdaptationOf #3#3 IsAdaptationAtTime #5#5 IsTimeOfAdaptation #3#3 IsAdaptationInContextWithPlaceOfAdaptor #6#6 IsPlaceOfAdaptation #3#4 IsSourceOfAdaptationAtTime #5#5 IsTimeOfAdaptingFromSource #4#4 IsSourceOfAdaptationInPlace #6#6 IsPlaceOfAdaptingFromSource #4#5 IsTimeOfAdaptingInPlace #6#6 IsPlaceOfAdaptingAtTime #5
Modified
IsVersionOf
LastChanged
TerritoryOfUse
EditedBy
The Ontologyx Context Model – Family Relational View
The statements map to commonplace descriptive semantics
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
Time
Adaptor
Adaptation
Source of Adaptation
AdaptingEvent
Time ofAdapting
Place ofAdapting
#5 #6
#2
#1
#3
#4
The Ontologyx Contextual transformation
Each Context has two “views” – the contextual view…
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
Time
Adaptor
Adaptation
Source of Adaptation
AdaptingEvent
Time ofAdapting
Place ofAdapting
#5 #6
#2
#1
#3
#4
Each Context has two “views” – the contextual view…and the relational view.
The Ontologyx Contextual transformation
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
Time
Adaptor
Adaptation
Source of Adaptation
AdaptingEvent
Time ofAdapting
Place ofAdapting
#5 #6
#2
#1
#3
#4
An Adaptation event
Each Context has two “views” – the contextual view…and the relational view.
The relationship between the two provides the basis of Ontologyx transformation capability (“contextual transformation”).
The Ontologyx Contextual transformation
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
Time
Adaptor
Adaptation
Source of Adaptation
AdaptingEvent
Time ofAdapting
Place ofAdapting
#5 #6
#2
#1
#3
#4
An Adaptation event
Statements like this made in the relational view:
X MadeBy John Smith
X AdaptedFrom Y
X TimeOfCreation 1996
X MadeIn London
means that there was an event Z like this (shown in the contextual view):
Z icoAdapter John Smith
Z icoAdaptation X
Z icoSourceOfAdaptation Y
Z icoTimeOfAdaptation 1996
Z icoPlaceOfAdaptation London
The Ontologyx Contextual transformation
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
Time
Resource
Verb
Recording Session 1Songs (1) Someday (2) NeverProducer Bill BrownEngineer Jim ScarlettStartTime 2004-06-27 14:30EndTime 2004-06-27 16:20Place Clapham Studios AVocal Sue WhiteBacking Vocal Ian GreenKeyboards Bert Blue
Recording Session 2Songs (1) Someday (2) AnydayProducer Bill BrownEngineer Ann PinkStartTime 2004-06-28 10:30 EndTime 2004-06-28 13:55Place Clapham Studios BVocal Sue WhiteKeyboards Sally PlumFlute Ian Green
Song: SomedayProducer Bill BrownEngineer Jim Scarlett, Ann PinkVocal Sue WhiteBacking Vocal Ian GreenKeyboards Bert BlueRecorded 27-28 June 2004Recorded at Clapham Studios A, Clapham Studios B
Contextual semantics
Song: NeverProducer Bill BrownEngineer Jim ScarlettVocal Sue WhiteBacking Vocal Ian GreenKeyboards Bert BlueRecorded 27 June 2004Recorded at Clapham Studios A
Song: AnydayProducer Bill BrownEngineers Ann PinkVocal Sue WhiteFlute Ian GreenKeyboards Sally PlumRecorded 28 June 2004Recorded at Clapham Studios B
Resource semanticsSimple transformation example…
The Ontologyx Contextual transformation
Contextual transformation can be carried out to any level of complexity and granularity
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
COA (“Contextual Ontologyx Architecture”) Framework
The COA Framework is an “ontology starter pack”: a basic ontology which provides a complete Semantic framework within which all data elements can be placed. All Ontologyx client ontologies are based on this.
Attribute Types(All entities may have these)
(“strings”)Descriptor Name Identifier Annotation
(“controlled values”)Category Class Characteristic Quantity Quality TruthFlag
(“bags”)Composite
Element Classes (Context Model)(All entities belong to one of these)
Key Relators
(“parent/child”) IsSubClassOf IsSubRelatorOf
(“class/instance”) IsA
(“equivalence”) IsSameAs IsSubstitutableFor
(“part/whole”) IsPartOf
(“reverse links”) IsReciprocalOf
(“type/value”) IsOneOf
(“representation”) HasValue HasElement HasDatatype HasCardinality
Agent
PlaceTime
Resource
Context
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
The ERMI problem: how to deconstruct things like this…
and reconstruct them into something a computer can deal with.
The right to use licensed materials in collections or compilations of materials assembled in a print format by faculty members for use by students in a class for purposes of instruction
Or this…
[The Licensee may supply to an Authorised User of another library {within the same country as the Licensee}a copy of an individual document being part of the Licensed Materials by post, fax or electronic transmission via the Internet or otherwise, for the purposes of research or private study and not for Commercial Use.]
[The Licensee may supply to an Authorised User of another library {within the same country as the Licensee}(whether by post or fax [or secure transmission, using Ariel or its equivalent, whereby the electronic file is deleted immediately after printing]), for the purposes of research or private study and not for Commercial Use, a single paper copy of an electronic original of an individual document being part of the Licensed Materials.]
Or this…
Contextual approach to licensing and rights metadata
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Contextual approach to licensing terms
LicensingEvent UsagePermits (MAY)
1-n
Usage
Prohibits (MUST NOT)
0-n
Payment
Activity Report
etc
Requires (MUST)
0-n
Has Exception
Has Condition
This structure allows for whatever level of flexibility or granularity may be required now or in the future.
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
Time Place
Party
Use
<UsageParty> (1-n) <UsedResource> (1-n)
<Tool> (0-n)<Medium> (0-n)<OtherResource> (0-n)
<UsageTime> (0-n) <UsagePlace> (0-n)
<Exception> (0-n)<Condition> (0-n)<ChainedUsage> (0-n)
Act
<PartyRole> (1-n)
UsagesONIX Usage
Compositestructure
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
Time Place
Party
Use<PartyRole> (1-n)
10 basic usesSearchAcquireAccess
PossessIncludeRecordDerive
ProvideRelate
Destroy
Usages Allowed values
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
Time Place
Party
Use<PartyRole> (1-n)
10 basic usesSearchAcquireAccess
PossessIncludeRecordDerive
ProvideRelate
Destroy
Copy eCopy CopyPart Adapt AdaptText Translate Transform etc
Each of these uses has differentspecialized “children”
Usages Allowed values
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
Time Place
Party
Use<PartyRole> (1-n)
10 basic usesSearchAcquireAccess
PossessIncludeRecordDerive
ProvideRelate
Destroy
Copy eCopy CopyPart Adapt AdaptText Translate Transform etc
Each of these uses has differentspecialized “children”
You can go as far as you like with verbs…“ProvideLimitedNumberOfPrintOrDigitalCopiesForAuthorizedUserOfAnotherLibraryInTheSameCountryToAccessAndPossess”
Usages Allowed values
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
Time Place
Party
Use<PartyRole> (1-n)
10 basic usesSearchAcquireAccess
PossessIncludeRecordDerive
ProvideRelate
Destroy
Copy eCopy CopyPart Adapt AdaptText Translate Transform etc
Each of these uses has differentspecialized “children”
You can go as far as you like with verbs…“ProvideLimitedNumberOfPrintOrDigitalCopiesForAuthorizedUserOfAnotherLibraryInTheSameCountryToAccessAndPossess”…but better to keep the verb simple and look at the other variables in the event.
Usages
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
ERMI modelling at present
Complex element: Permission• Permitted Use: ILL
• Method: Print or Fax• Constraint: Record-keeping required
This slide adapted from ERMI presentation
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
Time Place
Party
Use
<Medium> Fax, Post
<Condition> Record Keeping
Act
<UseType> ILL
Usages ERMI Usage example in ONIX
model
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
TimePlace
3 Verbs3 Parties 2 Resources2 Usages1 Purpose1 Place
InterLibraryLoan_1 (example #27)
ONIX Message Usage Model examples
PartyParty
[Cox] Clause 4.1 (alternative b) [The Licensee may supply to an Authorised User of another library {within the same country as the Licensee}a copy of an individual document being part of the Licensed Materials by post, fax or electronic transmission via the Internet or otherwise, for the purposes of research or private study and not for Commercial Use.]
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
TimePlace
Party
3 Verbs3 Parties 2 Resources2 Usages1 Purpose1 Place
InterLibraryLoan_1 (example #27)
{P1}AcademicLibrary
ONIX Message Usage Model examples
PartyParty
[Cox] Clause 4.1 (alternative b) [The Licensee may supply to an Authorised User of another library {within the same country as the Licensee}a copy of an individual document being part of the Licensed Materials by post, fax or electronic transmission via the Internet or otherwise, for the purposes of research or private study and not for Commercial Use.]
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
TimePlace
Party
3 Verbs3 Parties 2 Resources2 Usages1 Purpose1 Place
{P1}Provide
InterLibraryLoan_1 (example #27)
{P1}AcademicLibrary
Resource {R2}DigitalResource,Printed Resource
ONIX Message Usage Model examples
PartyParty
[Cox] Clause 4.1 (alternative b) [The Licensee may supply to an Authorised User of another library {within the same country as the Licensee}a copy of an individual document being part of the Licensed Materials by post, fax or electronic transmission via the Internet or otherwise, for the purposes of research or private study and not for Commercial Use.]
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
Time
Party
3 Verbs3 Parties 2 Resources2 Usages1 Purpose1 Place
{P1}Provide
{R1}DigitalResource
InterLibraryLoan_1 (example #27)
Resource {R2}DigitalResource,Printed Resource
ONIX Message Usage Model examples
PartyParty
{R2}PartCopyOf{P1}{P1}AcademicLibrary
[Cox] Clause 4.1 (alternative b) [The Licensee may supply to an Authorised User of another library {within the same country as the Licensee}a copy of an individual document being part of the Licensed Materials by post, fax or electronic transmission via the Internet or otherwise, for the purposes of research or private study and not for Commercial Use.]
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
TimePlace
Party
3 Verbs3 Parties 2 Resources2 Usages1 Purpose1 Place
{P1}Provide
{R1}DigitalResource
InterLibraryLoan_1 (example #27)
{P2}Access,Possess
Resource {R2}DigitalResource,Printed Resource
ONIX Message Usage Model examples
PartyParty
{R2}PartCopyOf{P1}
{P2}
{P1}AcademicLibrary
[Cox] Clause 4.1 (alternative b) [The Licensee may supply to an Authorised User of another library {within the same country as the Licensee}a copy of an individual document being part of the Licensed Materials by post, fax or electronic transmission via the Internet or otherwise, for the purposes of research or private study and not for Commercial Use.]
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
TimePlace
Party
3 Verbs3 Parties 2 Resources2 Usages1 Purpose1 Place
{P1}Provide
{R1}DigitalResource
InterLibraryLoan_1 (example #27)
{P2}Access,Possess
Resource {R2}DigitalResource,Printed Resource
ONIX Message Usage Model examples
PartyParty
{R2}PartCopyOf{P1}
{P2}
Purpose>NonCommercialUse
{P1}AcademicLibrary
[Cox] Clause 4.1 (alternative b) [The Licensee may supply to an Authorised User of another library {within the same country as the Licensee}a copy of an individual document being part of the Licensed Materials by post, fax or electronic transmission via the Internet or otherwise, for the purposes of research or private study and not for Commercial Use.]
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
TimePlace
Party
3 Verbs3 Parties 2 Resources2 Usages1 Purpose1 Place
{P1}Provide
{R1}DigitalResource
InterLibraryLoan_1 (example #27)
{P2}Access,Possess
Resource {R2}DigitalResource,Printed Resource
ONIX Message Usage Model examples
Party{P2}AuthUseOfLibrary{P3}Party
{R2}PartCopyOf{P1}
{P3}AcademicLibrary
{P2}
Purpose>NonCommercialUse
{P1}AcademicLibrary
[Cox] Clause 4.1 (alternative b) [The Licensee may supply to an Authorised User of another library {within the same country as the Licensee}a copy of an individual document being part of the Licensed Materials by post, fax or electronic transmission via the Internet or otherwise, for the purposes of research or private study and not for Commercial Use.]
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Resource
TimePlace
Party
3 Verbs3 Parties 2 Resources2 Usages1 Purpose1 Place
{P1}Provide
{R1}DigitalResource
InterLibraryLoan_1 (example #27)
{P2}Access,Possess
Resource {R2}DigitalResource,Printed Resource
ONIX Message Usage Model examples
Party{P2}AuthUseOfLibrary{P3}Party
{L1}Country
{P1}HasPlaceOfPremises{L1}
{P3}HasPlaceOfPremises{L1}
{R2}PartCopyOf{P1}
{P3}AcademicLibrary
{P2}
Purpose>NonCommercialUse
{P1}AcademicLibrary
[Cox] Clause 4.1 (alternative b) [The Licensee may supply to an Authorised User of another library {within the same country as the Licensee}a copy of an individual document being part of the Licensed Materials by post, fax or electronic transmission via the Internet or otherwise, for the purposes of research or private study and not for Commercial Use.]
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
An ontology provides the semantic building blocks for a data model or implementation model.
It can also provide tools for managing allowed values and mapping data from different schemes.
Dublin Core is an example of a metadata scheme without an ontology. There is no clear model of the relationships between its terms. This has made consistent implementation problematic and limited the potential of DC.
FRBR would benefit from an ontology, especially with the emphasis being placed on relationships.
The value of ontologies
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
The FRBR systems you are designing now will be mainstream in several years time. Is your world going to get simpler or more complex? Can you predict the functional requirements you will have for 2010 or 2015? If not, then focus on the underlying flexibility of the model. Settle the model and put the change management into an ontology.
Use what is useful in other people’s standards and metadata, and find ways of helping them make them better so that you can get more benefit.
FRBR thoughts from a slightly different planet…
Godfrey Rust, FRBR Workshop, Ohio May 4 2005© Rightscom 2005
Things should be as simple as possible, but not simpler.(Einstein)