Globally Coordinated Distributed Storm WaterManagement System

Luis A. Montestruque, Ph.D., EmNet, LLC

Michael D. Lemmon, Ph.D., University of Notre Dame

CySWater, 2015

Combined Sewer Overflows

Size of the Problem

� 772 cities

� 46,000,000 people

� 3,300,000,000 m^3/yr

� $100,000,000,000

San Francisco, CA

Seattle, WA

Chicago, IL

New York, NY

South Bend, IN

Population: 100,886Established: 1865Treatment Plants: 1 (260,000 m^3/day)Outfalls: 36CSO Overflow: 7,500,000 m^3/yearAbatement Plan: $700,000,000

South Bend, Indiana

Possible SolutionsPassive Active

Wastewater plant expansion

Separation

Atlanta 27% separation @ $900M

In-Line Storage

Chicago TARP $3.2B

Off-Line Storage

Problem Characteristics

Problem Characteristics� Saint Venant 1-D equation

��

��+ �

��

��+ �

��

��+ � � − � = 0

acc. conv. pres. grav. fric.

� Highly non-linear dynamics: pumps, overflow structures, runoff

� Non deterministic dynamics:manual operation, precipitation

Problem Characteristics

Problem Characteristics

CSS SCADA Points: 17CSOnet® Points: 110

Real Time Monitoring System: INode

Composite Manhole CoverHS20 rated, corrosion resistant

Embedded AntennaRadiate signal out of manhole cover

Explosion Proof BoxClass 1 Div 1 Safe, corrosion resistant

Chasqui ProcessorMica2-based, rugged IO, 2ppm RTC

4 D-size Lithium Battery1 Yr Life, Temperature Resistant

Max Stream Radio1 Watt, 900MHz SS, 115kbps

Cam Lock Mechanism Prevent cover from popping out

Permanent PowerAlways on

Real Time Monitoring System: GNode

ARM SBC running LinuxHigh level network maint. & comm.

Max Stream RadioCommunicate with sensor network

Cellular ModemWide Area Network

Real Time ClockSynched with NIST clocks

Traffic Light Pole Mounted3 – 6 m above grade

12

Name: R.3b.1, Portage and BlaineNode Number: 04643Gradient: 20Sensors: NAPower: N

Name: I.3a.2, TMP 2-1Node Number: 42041Gradient: 20Sensors: 1 pressurePower: N

Name: R.3a.1, Kinyonand ShermanNode Number: 19013Gradient: 10Sensors: NAPower: N

Name: I.3b.2, TMP 4-1Node Number: 33983Gradient: 30Sensors: 1 pressurePower: N

Name: G.3a.1, CSO 3Node Number: 19892Gradient: 0Sensors: 1 existing, A/V meterPower: Y

Name: I.3b.1, for CSO 4Node Number: 19067Gradient: 20Sensors: 1 pressurePower: N

Name: I.3a.1, for CSO 2Node Number: 03516Gradient: 30Sensors: 1 pressurePower: N

Name: G.3a.2, CSO 2Node Number: 32309Gradient: 20Sensors: 1 pressurePower: N

Name: G.3b.1, CSO 4Node Number: 30514Gradient: 10Sensors:1 pressurePower: N

Real Time Monitoring System

Real Time Monitoring System� 800 km of sewers

� 50 km2 of CSO area

� 111 sensors

� Monitor: � 36 outfalls,

� 27 interceptor sites

� 42 trunkline sites

� 5 basins

Visualize

Watchdog

Distributed Control

CSO Structure

St. Joseph River

WWTPInterceptorTrunkline

Dry Weather

50%cap.

Wet Weather: On SetDowntown

60%cap.

Suburbs

Wet Weather: Mid Storm

100%cap.

DowntownSuburbs

Wet Weather: End of StormDowntown

80%cap.

Suburbs

Consumer Supplier Algorithm� Agent-Based control

� Network nodes trade capacity

� Downstream nodes are suppliers

� Upstream nodes are consumers

� Consensus problem

capacity

cost

gallons

cost

Local Optimization

Minimize cost

Compete for WWTP

• Default is closed• Likelihood of overflow• Interceptor Capacity

• Downstream• At “time of impact”

• Calc. Additional Flow• Compete for Int. Capacity• Open Valve

Distributed Control

Control Valves

Interceptor

Existing Throttle

Trunk Line

Diversion Structure

Overflow Line

New Throttle

GnodeControlled

Valve

Results

� ~70% CSO reduction

� ~25% due to CSOnet

� Cost Reduction: $150M

Future WorkUrban Water Cycle Management

� Drinking Water• Energy• Security• Leak Detection

� Stormwater• Flood Protection• Harvesting

� Receiving Water• Nutrient Loading due to agricultural ops.• Climate Change

� Green Infrastructure• Maintenance through crowd sourcing• Sensor fusion

Thank You

Luis A. Montestruque

lmontest@emnet.net

Michael D. Lemmon

lemmon@nd.edu

Other Research Initiatives

� Drinking Water Management

� Real Time Drainage Tile Management

� BTEX monitoring of ground water

� River Water Quality Monitoring

Impact

100% DWO Reduction from 2008-2011

30

Combined Sewer Overflows