Post on 03-Jan-2016
Global Studies ReviewGlobal Studies ReviewFamous PeopleFamous People
Nicolaus CopernicusNicolaus Copernicus
Challenged the Challenged the belief that Earth belief that Earth was at the center was at the center of the universe. of the universe.
Using Using mathematical mathematical
formulas, formulas, suggested that the suggested that the
universe was universe was heliocentricheliocentric, sun-, sun-
centered.centered.
BORN IN BORN IN POLANDPOLAND
Galileo GalileiGalileo Galilei Provided further Provided further
evidence to support evidence to support the heliocentric the heliocentric
theory. He did this theory. He did this by observing the by observing the
skies with a skies with a telescope he had telescope he had
constructed. constructed. Challenged by the Challenged by the
Church, he was put Church, he was put on trial and forced on trial and forced
to take back his to take back his ideas publicly.ideas publicly.ITALYITALY
Isaac NewtonIsaac NewtonBuilt on the knowledge of Built on the knowledge of Copernicus and Galileo by Copernicus and Galileo by
using mathematics to using mathematics to prove the existence of a prove the existence of a force that kept planets in force that kept planets in
their orbits around the their orbits around the sun. Newton called the sun. Newton called the force gravity, the same force gravity, the same
force made objects fall to force made objects fall to earth. He eventually earth. He eventually theorized that nature theorized that nature follows uniform laws.follows uniform laws.
GREAT BRITIANGREAT BRITIAN
John LockeJohn Locke Believes all people Believes all people possess natural rights possess natural rights
(life, liberty, & property). (life, liberty, & property). People form People form
governments to protect governments to protect their rights. If the their rights. If the
government fails to government fails to protect these rights – protect these rights –
people have the right to people have the right to overthrow it.overthrow it.
GREAT BRITIANGREAT BRITIAN
Baron de MontesquieuBaron de Montesquieu
Government powers Government powers should be separated should be separated into three branches: into three branches: legislative, judicial, & legislative, judicial, & executive. This system executive. This system would create checks would create checks and balances. Prevent and balances. Prevent tyranny and keep one tyranny and keep one branch from getting branch from getting too powerful.too powerful.
FRANCEFRANCE
VoltaireVoltaire Believed in free Believed in free
speech.Criticized the speech.Criticized the French government French government and the Catholic. and the Catholic. Church for their Church for their failure to permit failure to permit
religious toleration religious toleration and intellectual and intellectual
freedom.freedom.FRANCEFRANCE
Jean-Jacques RousseauJean-Jacques Rousseau
Wrote the book Wrote the book The The Social Contract.Social Contract. By By
choosing a government choosing a government people choose to give up people choose to give up
their own interests for their own interests for the common good. The the common good. The
will of the majority. will of the majority. Majority should work for Majority should work for
the common good.the common good.
FRANCEFRANCE
Thomas HobbesThomas Hobbes
Wrote the book Wrote the book THE THE LEVIATHAN.LEVIATHAN. People People
are greedy and are greedy and selfish. Only a selfish. Only a
powerful powerful government can government can
create a peaceful, create a peaceful, orderly society.orderly society.
GREAT BRITIANGREAT BRITIAN
Mary WollstonecraftMary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay Published an essay called A called A
VINDICATION FOR VINDICATION FOR THE RIGHTS OF THE RIGHTS OF
WOMAN.WOMAN. Fought for Fought for the education of the education of
women and equality women and equality in marriage.in marriage.
GREAT BRITIANGREAT BRITIAN
Adam SmithAdam Smith Wrote the book Wrote the book The The
Wealth of Nations.Wealth of Nations. Explained how Explained how
competition and the competition and the division of labor division of labor
guides a free guides a free economic system economic system
based on self-based on self-interest.interest.
SCOTLANDSCOTLAND
Maria TheresaMaria Theresa Austrian ruler - Austrian ruler -
Improved tax system Improved tax system by forcing nobles and by forcing nobles and clergy to pay taxes. clergy to pay taxes.
Made primary Made primary education available education available
for children. An for children. An enlightenment enlightenment
despot.despot.
AUSTRIAAUSTRIA
Joseph IIJoseph II Son of Maria Theresa. Son of Maria Theresa.
Continued and Continued and expanded his mother’s expanded his mother’s reforms. Modernized reforms. Modernized Austria’s government Austria’s government
and selected officials on and selected officials on merit instead of status. merit instead of status.
Practiced religious Practiced religious toleration, ended toleration, ended censorship, and censorship, and
abolished serfdom.abolished serfdom.AUSTRIAAUSTRIA
GHANAGHANA
He used strikes and He used strikes and boycotts to battle boycotts to battle
the British. In 1957, the British. In 1957, the British granted the British granted
the Gold Coast the Gold Coast independence – independence –
Nkrumah became Nkrumah became the prime minister the prime minister and a marxist and and a marxist and allied with China & allied with China &
U.S.S.RU.S.S.R..
Kwame Nkrumah
INDIAINDIA
First leader of First leader of India after India after
Gandhi. Set up Gandhi. Set up a consitution a consitution similar to U.S. similar to U.S.
after Great after Great Britian granted Britian granted
India’s freedom.India’s freedom.
Jawarharlal Nehru
CUBACUBA
Led a Led a communist communist
revolution in revolution in Cuba in 1959 Cuba in 1959 and set up a and set up a communist communist
government.government.
Fidel Castro
CHINACHINA
Leader after Leader after Mao’s death, Mao’s death,
started China on started China on the road to the road to
industrialization, industrialization, limited limited
capitalism and capitalism and set up one child set up one child
policy. policy.
Deng Xiaoping
INDIAINDIA
Leader for Leader for freedom from freedom from Great Britian. Great Britian.
He used He used passive passive resistanceresistance and and
civil civil disobediancedisobediance..
Mohandas Gandhi
PORTUGALPORTUGAL
Explored India, Explored India, East Indies, and East Indies, and China-for- Silks China-for- Silks
& Spices. & Spices.
Vasco Da Gama
BORN INBORN IN
GERMANYGERMANY
Wrote the Wrote the Communist Communist
Manifesto and Manifesto and ideas were the ideas were the
blueprint for the blueprint for the Russian Revolution Russian Revolution
and the Chinese and the Chinese Communist Communist Revolution.Revolution.
Karl Marx
U.S.A.U.S.A.
Helped opened Helped opened up Japan up for up Japan up for trade with the trade with the United States.United States.
Matthew Perry
INDIAINDIA
Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)
He developed a He developed a religion that religion that
spread from India, spread from India, China, & Southeast China, & Southeast Asia. He taught all Asia. He taught all of man’s suffering of man’s suffering comes from selfish comes from selfish
desiresdesires
U.S.A.U.S.A.
Douglas MacArthur
He led U.S. He led U.S. forces in the forces in the allied victory allied victory over Japan in over Japan in
WWII.WWII.
CHINACHINA
Sun Yat-Sen
He led the He led the Nationalist Nationalist
Chinese Chinese Revolution to Revolution to overthrow the overthrow the LAST Manchu LAST Manchu
Emperor.Emperor.
CAMBODIACAMBODIA
Pol Pot Communist Communist
Khmer Rouge Khmer Rouge leader who led a leader who led a
movement of movement of genocide in genocide in Cambodia.Cambodia.
BORN INBORN IN
ALBANIAALBANIA
Mother Theresa
She started a She started a movement in movement in
Calcutta, India to Calcutta, India to help the sick and help the sick and
dying of the world.dying of the world.
SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA
Nelson Mandela
The leader of the The leader of the African National African National Congress, who Congress, who became the first became the first
black president of a black president of a free South Africa in free South Africa in 1994. Established a 1994. Established a
Democratic Democratic Government.Government.
KENYAKENYA
Jomo Kenyatta
Nationalist Mau-Mau Nationalist Mau-Mau leader who achieved leader who achieved freedom from Great freedom from Great
Britian in 1963. Britian in 1963. Established a Established a
democratic democratic government.government.
ANCIENT CHINAANCIENT CHINA
Confucius
A Philosopher who A Philosopher who taught the 5 taught the 5
relationships and the relationships and the group is more group is more
important than the important than the individual.individual.
U.S.A.U.S.A.
Woodrow Wilson
U.S. President U.S. President during WWI. during WWI. Authored the Authored the
Fourteen Points Fourteen Points for Peace. for Peace.
Highlights – self-Highlights – self-determination, determination,
League of League of Nations.Nations.
PAKISTANPAKISTAN
Mohammed Ali Jinnah
The first leader of The first leader of a Muslim a Muslim
dominated dominated Pakistan after Pakistan after independence independence
from Great from Great Britian in 1947.Britian in 1947.
CHINACHINA
Mao Zedong
First communist First communist leader of China leader of China who defeated who defeated
Chiang Kai-Shek Chiang Kai-Shek and the and the
Nationalists Nationalists
MECCA, MECCA, SAUDI ARABIASAUDI ARABIA
Mohammed
Founder of Founder of Islam. Gave the Islam. Gave the world the Qu’ran world the Qu’ran (holy book) and (holy book) and monothesism. monothesism. Islam worships Islam worships
the God – Allah. the God – Allah.
Established first Established first overland route to overland route to
China. Started China. Started European European
interest in China. interest in China.
Marco Polo
ITALYITALY
VIETNAMVIETNAM
Ho Chi Minh
The The communist communist
leader of North leader of North Vietnam who Vietnam who
eventually eventually took over all of took over all of
Vietnam. Vietnam.
JAPANJAPAN
Emperor Hirohito
The Emperor The Emperor of Japan of Japan
during WWII. during WWII.
JAPANJAPAN
Emperor Meiji
Boy Emperor Boy Emperor who set Japan who set Japan on the road to on the road to modernization, modernization,
industrialization industrialization and imperialism.and imperialism.
RUSSIARUSSIA
Peter the Great
Tsar who Tsar who wanted to wanted to modernize modernize
Russia Russia (Windows to the (Windows to the
West) and West) and expand territory expand territory into warm water into warm water
ports.ports.
SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA
Frederick W. De Klerk
Last white leader Last white leader of the of the
Afrikaaners who Afrikaaners who practiced practiced Apartheid.Apartheid.
SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA
Desmond Tutu
Used non-Used non-violence to end violence to end
Apartheid in Apartheid in South Africa. In South Africa. In 1984 he won the 1984 he won the
Nobel Peace Nobel Peace Prize.Prize.
PAKISTANPAKISTAN
Benazir Bhutto
The first woman The first woman leader of a leader of a
Muslim country. Muslim country. In 1990 she was In 1990 she was dismissed from dismissed from
office on office on corruption corruption charges.charges.
INDIAINDIA
The daughter of The daughter of Nehru. Improved Nehru. Improved India’s economy, India’s economy, birth control and birth control and
led with led with Authoritarian rule. Authoritarian rule.
She was She was assassinated in assassinated in
1984 by Sikh 1984 by Sikh
bodyguards.bodyguards.
Mrs. Indira Gandhi
PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINES
Fidel Ramos
The present leader The present leader of Philippines. He of Philippines. He succeded Corazon succeded Corazon Aquino. His tenure Aquino. His tenure has been marred has been marred by problems with by problems with
unemployment and unemployment and poverty.poverty.
INDONESIAINDONESIA
Achmed Sukarno
First president of First president of Indonesia in Indonesia in
(1954). Guided a (1954). Guided a democracy in democracy in
which the army which the army and Communists and Communists
suported him.suported him.
VENEZULAVENEZULA
Simon Bolivar
Liberator of Liberator of Venezuela, Venezuela,
Columbia, Ecuador Columbia, Ecuador & Panama from & Panama from Spanish rule. Spanish rule.
Used Used Enlightenment Enlightenment
ideas.ideas.
NICARAGUANICARAGUA
Daniel Ortega
Established Established Marxist Marxist
SANDINISTA SANDINISTA government. government.
Fought the U.S. Fought the U.S. supported anti-supported anti-
communist group communist group called the called the
CONTRAS.CONTRAS.
NICARAGUANICARAGUA
Violetta Charmorro
Opposition leader Opposition leader to Communist to Communist
Sandinista rule. Sandinista rule. Took over Daniel Took over Daniel Ortega. She is a Ortega. She is a Democratic ruler.Democratic ruler.
HAITIHAITI
Toussaint L’Overture
In 1801 led revolt In 1801 led revolt against French. against French.
Haiti was the first Haiti was the first Latin American Latin American nation become nation become independent.independent.
ARGENTINAARGENTINA
Jose de San Martin
Helped win Helped win independence from independence from
Spain along with Spain along with Bernardo Bernardo
O’Higgins.O’Higgins.
PALESTINEPALESTINE
Yasir ArafatThe leader of the The leader of the P.L.O. who used P.L.O. who used
terror against terror against Israel, and wants Israel, and wants an independent an independent
Palestinian nation. Palestinian nation. In 1993 Palestine In 1993 Palestine
granted autonomy granted autonomy in Gaza Strip and in Gaza Strip and
Jericho.Jericho.
TURKEYTURKEY
Mustafa Kemal-ATATURK
Drove the Greeks from Drove the Greeks from Turkey. Made Turkey a Turkey. Made Turkey a free republic in 1923. free republic in 1923.
Westernized and Westernized and Industrialized Turkey. Industrialized Turkey. Established separation Established separation
between Islam and between Islam and government.government.
ISRAELISRAEL
Golda Meir
First Woman First Woman Prime Minister in Prime Minister in Israel. Won the Israel. Won the Six Day War in Six Day War in
1967. 1967.
EGYPTEGYPT
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Wanted Pan-Wanted Pan-Arabism, land Arabism, land
reform for reform for peasants, state peasants, state
control of industry. control of industry. Took aid from Took aid from
U.S.S.R. and hated U.S.S.R. and hated Israel.Israel.
EGYPTEGYPT
Anwar Sadat
He was President He was President of Egypt 1970-of Egypt 1970-
1981. Made peace 1981. Made peace with Israel in 1979. with Israel in 1979.
He was He was assassinated by assassinated by fundamentalist fundamentalist
muslims in 1981.muslims in 1981.
ISRAELISRAEL
Menachem Begin
Signed Camp Signed Camp David peace David peace accord with accord with
Sadat of Egypt in Sadat of Egypt in 1979. President 1979. President
Cater (U.S.A.) Cater (U.S.A.) was the middle was the middle
man. man.
IRANIRAN
Ayatollah Khomeini
Fundamentalist Fundamentalist Muslim who Muslim who
overthrew SHAH overthrew SHAH Mohammed Riza Mohammed Riza Pahlavi in 1979. Pahlavi in 1979. Khomeini set up Khomeini set up
strict SHIITE strict SHIITE muslim state muslim state
GERMANYGERMANY
Used “Blood & Used “Blood & Iron” to unite all of Iron” to unite all of
Germany. Germany. Defeated Austria Defeated Austria and France and and France and was called “Iron was called “Iron
Chancellor”.Chancellor”.
Otto Von Bismarck
Brains of Italy Brains of Italy wanted wanted
“Risorgimento” “Risorgimento” or unification of or unification of
Italy. Italy.
Camillo Cavour
ITALYITALY
Sword of Italy Sword of Italy unified Sicily unified Sicily with Sardinia-with Sardinia-
Piedmont Piedmont against Austria. against Austria.
Guiseppe Garibaldi
ITALYITALY
Soul of Italy – Soul of Italy – inspired inspired
nationalism nationalism against Austria. against Austria.
Guiseppe Mazzini
ITALYITALY
Facist Dictator Facist Dictator during WWII – during WWII –
allied with Hitler allied with Hitler he favored he favored
AGGRESSIVE AGGRESSIVE NATIONALISM. NATIONALISM.
Benito Mussolini
ITALYITALY
NAZI GERMANYNAZI GERMANY
Started WWII by Started WWII by invading Poland. invading Poland.
Killed Jews - Killed Jews - (Holocaust) – failed (Holocaust) – failed invasion of Russia. invasion of Russia.
Rule called the Rule called the Third Reich.Third Reich.
Adolf Hitler
GREAT BRITIANGREAT BRITIAN
English Prime English Prime Minister during Minister during
WWII.WWII.
Winston Churchill
U.S.A.U.S.A.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
U.S. President U.S. President during WWII. during WWII.
Declared war on Declared war on Japan after Japan after
Japanese attack Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor.at Pearl Harbor.
U.S.A.U.S.A.
Harry Truman
U.S. President at U.S. President at the conclusion of the conclusion of
WWII. Made WWII. Made decision to drop decision to drop Atomic Bomb on Atomic Bomb on
two cities in two cities in Japan.Japan.
GREAT BRITIANGREAT BRITIAN
Iron Lady Prime Iron Lady Prime Minister. Minister.
Conservative party Conservative party moved Great Britian moved Great Britian
from Socialism. from Socialism. Supporter of Supporter of Nationalism. Nationalism.
Succeeded by John Succeeded by John Major in 1990.Major in 1990.
Margaret Thacher
SOVIET UNIONSOVIET UNION
Man of Steel – Man of Steel – Totalitarian leader Totalitarian leader
who wanted Russia who wanted Russia to improve to improve
militarily and militarily and industrially. Killed industrially. Killed millions (Siberia) & millions (Siberia) & took over Eastern took over Eastern Europe after WWII.Europe after WWII.
Josef Stalin
SOVIET UNIONSOVIET UNION
Began Glasnost Began Glasnost (openness) and (openness) and
Perestroika Perestroika (economic reform) (economic reform)
which led to the which led to the end of the Cold end of the Cold
War, and reduction War, and reduction of nuclear weapons of nuclear weapons
with the USA.with the USA.
Mikhail Gorbachev
RUSSIARUSSIA
Czarina of Russia Czarina of Russia (born in Germany) (born in Germany) married Czar Peter married Czar Peter III. She expanded III. She expanded Russian territory. Russian territory.
Emphasized Emphasized enlightenment enlightenment
ideas and learning.ideas and learning.
Catherine the Great
RUSSIARUSSIA
Set up first Set up first Bolshevik Bolshevik
(Communist) (Communist) government in government in Russia (1917). Russia (1917).
Started New Started New Economic Policy Economic Policy
(N.E.P.)(N.E.P.)
Nikolai Lenin
RUSSIARUSSIA
Leader of Russia Leader of Russia after Gorbachev. after Gorbachev. Better relations Better relations
with West. with West. Breakup of Soviet Breakup of Soviet
Republics, Republics, capitalism and capitalism and democracy in democracy in
RussiaRussia
Boris Yeltsin
PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINES
Corazon Aquino
Succeeded the Succeeded the dictator, Ferdinand dictator, Ferdinand Marcos (1986) with Marcos (1986) with
democracy. democracy.
POLANDPOLAND
Labor Union leader Labor Union leader against communists against communists (solidarity). Became (solidarity). Became
first freely elected first freely elected President of Poland President of Poland (1990). Problems = (1990). Problems =
economy, large debt.economy, large debt.
Lech Walsea