Post on 16-Dec-2015
description
NavinShukla P a g e |1 Monday,May18,2015
15thCENSUS2011Since18721872:Mayo;1881:RipponPopulation 1210.2million
Density 382Sexratio 94306years 918
Literacyrate 73%
UttarPradeshDensity 829Sexratio 91206years 902
Literacyrate 67.7%
INDIANONMEMBER HEADQUARTER INDIAMEMBER HEADQUARTER
APEC(21) SingaporeBRICS,BASIC,IBSA,IORA(20),NAM,Colombo,SAFTA,BIMSTEC,G5,G15,G20,G22,G77,Commonwealth(54)
SCO(6) Shanghai,ChinaINTERPOL Lyon,France
OCED Paris,FranceASEAN(10) Jakarta,Indonesia SAARC (8) Kathmandu,NepalOPEC(12) Vienna,Austria ADB ManilaNATO(28)
EuropeanUnion(28) Brussels,BelgiumBIS(BanksforInternationalSettlements) Basal,Switzerland
IBSA UNEP Nairobi Kyotoprotocol
Arableague Cairo UNWTO Madrid1. GENEVA:WHO,WIPO,WMO,ITU,ISO,ILO,RedCross.(HIMRaSaTaL)2. ROME:Food&AgriculturalOrganisation(FAO)&Internationalfundforagriculturaldevelopment(IFAD).3. UNIVERSALPOSTALUNION:BERNE;UNIDO:VIENNA;GREENPEACE:Canada.4. WASINGTONDC:IMF&Worldbanks.
a. IBRDb. IDA(InternationalDevelopmentAssociation)c. IFC(InternationalFinanceCooperation)d. MIGA(MultilateralInvestmentGuaranteeAgency)e. ICSID(InternationalCentreForSettlementofInvestmentDispute)
5. ASIAN10: (BPL TV CM SIM)Brunei, Philippines, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore,Indonesia,Myanmar.ASEAN,wasestablishedon8thAugust1967inBangkok,Thailand,withthesigningoftheASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by the Founding Fathers of ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia,Philippines,SingaporeandThailand.
6. G7:(CABFRJIG/FRECAJIG):Canada,America,Britain,France,Russia,Japan,Italy,Germany.7. OPEC12(ALENVIAKISQU):Algeria,Libya,Ecuador,Nigeria,Venezuela,Iran,Angola,Qatar,Iraq,SaudiArabia,
Kuwait,UAE.8. ShanghaiCorporationOrganisation:Tajikistan,Russia,Uzbekistan,China,Khazikistan,Kirgizstan.9. G5(CMIBSA):China,Mexico,India,Brazil,SouthAfrica.10. BIMSTEC:Bhutan,Bangladesh,India,Myanmar,SriLanka,ThailandandNepal.11. INDIANOCEANRIMASSOCIATION:A20membernationofINDIANOCEANintheassociation.12. G20:BRICS+G7+Argentina,Australia,Mexico,Indonesia,SouthKorea,SouthArabia,Turkey.13. Kyotoprotocol:
a. Emissiontradingi. CarbonCredit,ii. CarbonTax,iii. CarbonTransfer,
b. CleanDevelopmentManagement(CDM)MEETING 2015 2016
IBSA NewDelhi,India(7th)ASEAN(26th) Malaysia(26th)
G7 Germany(41st)NAM Venezuela,S.America
SAARC Islamabad,Pakistan(19th)G20 Turkey(10th) China(11th)
BRICS(7th) Ufa,RussiaSCOCHOGM Malta
BIMSTEC Nepal(4th)APEC Manila(27th) Lima,Peru(28th)NATO Warsaw,Poland(27th)
WorldTradeOrg. Nairobi,Kenya(10th)NuclearSecuritySummit USA
15
17
19
21
23
25
19811991 19912001 20012011
23.87
21.54
17.64
%Grow
thrat
e
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VARIOUSHONOURS/AWARDSGLOBALBIODIVERSITYCONFERENCE
13th LosCabos,Mexico,2015PADMAVIBHUSHAN(Total9Recipient)26Jan2015
1. LalKrishnaAdvani2. PunjabChiefMinisterParkashSinghBadal3. SeniorAdvocateK.K.Venugopal4. NuclearScientistM.R.Srinivasan
5. PhilanthropistVeerendraHeggade6. SanskritScholarSwamiRambhadracharya7. ActorAmitabhBachchan,ActorDilipKumar8. KarimAlHussianiAgaKhan
NOBELPRIZE:1901[ROYALSWEDISHACADEMYOFSCIENCES,12Lacdollar]TheNoble prizewinner INDIANS (9): RN tagore [1913], CV Raman [1930], H. Khurana [1968],Mother Teresa[1979],SChadrashekhara[1983],Amartyasen[1998],V.S.Naipal[2010],Venkatramanramakrishnan[2009].
PEACE 2014:Malalayusufzai(Education)&KailashSatyarthi(Childrenrighti.e.BACHPANBACHAOANDOLAN).PHYSICS 2014:IsamuAkashaki,HiroshiAmano,ShujiNakamura.
CHEMISTRY 2014:EricBetzig,WilliamEMoerner,StefanWHellMEDICAL 2014:BrittMosar&EdvardMosar(DiscoverInnerGPSofBrain)
LITERATURE 2014:PatrickModiano,FrenchnovelistOldestrecipient:DorisLessing
BHARATRATNAAWARD,INDIA[1954]Totalaward:45(Upto2015)
1. 44thAtalBihariBajpai 2. 45thM.MadanMohanMalviyaRASHTRIYAKHELRATNAPRIZE:201213 RONJANSODI,shootingPRAVASHIBHARTIYADIWASMOIA(MinistryofOverseasIndianAffairs)79January
2015 MahatmaMandirGandhinagarGujarat(13th)GANDHIPEACEPRIZE
2014 IndianSpaceResearchOrganisation.THEMANBOOKERPRIZE,1929
2014 RichardFlanagan,ToNarrowroadtothedeepNorthBORLAUGAWARD,1992[CoromandelInternational,AFertilizerCompany]
2014 CSPrakashPULITZERPRIZE,1917(JOURNALISM)
2014 VijaySeshadri,3SectionspoetryJNANPITHAWARD
2014 BhalchandraVanajiNemade(Marathilitterateur)DADASAHEBFALKE
2014 ShashiKapoorSARASWATISAMMAN,1991(K.K.Birlafoundation:ScheduleVIIIofconstitutionforliteracywork)
2014 MVeerappaMoily(5volumeKannadapoemRamayanaMahanveshana).NATIONALSAHITYAACADEMYAWARDHINDINOVEL
2014 RaemshChandraShah(VinayakNovel)ABELPRIZEMATHEMATICS
2015 JohnForbesNash,Jr&LouisNirenbergTYLERPRIZEENVIRONMENTPROTECTION
2015 MadhavGadgil;ReportonwesternGhatFolioprizeLiterature
2015 AkhilSharma
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BIOSPHERERESERVESOFINDIA[18]1) Nilgiri,19862) NandaDevi,1988,UK3) Nokrek,1988,Meghalaya4) GreatNikobar,19895) GulfofMannar,1989,TN6) Manas,19897) Sunderbans,19898) Simlipal,19949) Dibrushikhowa,1997,Assam
10) Dehangdebang,1998,ArunachalPradesh11) Pachamarhi,1999,MP12) KanchanDzongha,2000,Sikkim13) Agashthyamalai,2001,Kerala14) AchanakmarAmarkantak,200515) Kutch,2008Gujrat16) Colddessert,2009,HimachalPradesh17) Seshachalamhills,2010,AndhraPradesh18) Panna,2011,MadhyaPradesh
RAMSARWETLAND[26]TheConventiononWetlandscameintoforceforIndiaon1st February1982.
1) AshtamudiWetland,Kerala2) BhitarkanikaMangroves,Orissa3) BhojWetland,MadhyaPradesh4) ChandertalWetland,HimachalPradesh5) ChilikaLake,Orissa6) DeeporBeel,Assam7) EastCalcuttaWetlands,WB8) HarikeLake,Punjab[Beas&Sutlej]9) HokeraWetlandJammu&Kashmir10) Kanjli;Punjab11) KeoladeoNationalParkRajasthan12) KolleruLake,AndhraPradesh[Krishna&Godavari]13) LoktakLake,Manipur
14) NalsarovarBirdSanctuary,Gujarat15) PointCalimereWildlifeSanctuary,TN16) PongDamLake,HP17) RenukaWetland,HP18) Ropar,Punjab19) RudrasagarLake,Tripura20) SmbharLake,Rajasthan21) SasthamkottaLake,Kerala22) SurinsarMansarLakes,J&K23) Tsomoriri,J&K24) UpperGangaRiver,UP25) VembanadKolWetland,Kerala26) Wularlake,J&K
UNESCOWORLDHERITAGEININDIA(32)CulturalHeritagesites
1) RanikiVavatPatan,Gujarat(2014)2) HillFortsofRajasthan(2013)3) TheJantarMantar,Jaipur(2010)4) RedFortComplex(2007)5) ChampanerPavagadhArchaeologicalPark(2004)6) ChhatrapatiShivajiTerminus(2004)7) RockSheltersofBhimbetka,MP(2003)8) MahabodhiTempleComplexatBodhGaya(2002)9) AgraFort(1983)10) AjantaCaves(1983)11) BuddhistMonumentsatSanchi(1989)12) ChurchesandConventsofGoa(1986)13) ElephantaCaves(1987)14) ElloraCaves(1983)15) FatehpurSikri(1986)16) GreatLivingCholaTemples(1987)
17) GroupofMonumentsatHampi(1986)18) GroupofMonumentsatMahabalipuram(1984)19) GroupofMonumentsatPattadakal(1987)20) Humayun'sTomb,Delhi(1993)21) KhajurahoGroupofMonuments(1986)22) MountainRailwaysofIndia(1999)23) QutubMinaranditsMonuments,Delhi(1993)24) SunTemple,Konrak(1984)25) TajMahal(1983)
Natural1) GreatHimalayanNationalPark(2014)2) WesternGhats(2012)3) KazirangaNationalPark(1985)4) KeoladeoNationalPark(1985)5) ManasWildlifeSanctuary(1985)6) NandaDevi&ValleyofFlowers(1988)7) SundarbansNationalPark(1987)
STRAITSPalk: India&SriLanka
Messina: Italy&SicilyBosporus: SeparateEuropefromAsiaGibraltar: Spain&Morocco
Bass: Australia&TasmaniaMalacca: Malaysia&IndonesiaBearing: Russia&AlaskaDavis: Canada&GreenlandCook: NorthNewZealand&SouthNewZealand
Hormuz: ArabianSea&PersianGulfLaPerouse: RussiaandHokkaido,Japan
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CONSTITUTIONOFINDIA[Britain,USA,Ireland,SouthAfrica,Australia,Germany,Canada,GOIAct,1935]FUNDAMENTALRIGHTS[partIII],USA,[Art14to32]Art19 Righttospeech(cansuspendedexceptcaseofarmedrebellion.)Art20 Protectioninrespectofconvictionofoffence (Neversuspendedduringemergency)Art21 Protectionoflife&Liberty (Never suspendedduringemergency)Art21(A) RighttoEducationaddedby86th amendmentact,2002Art24 Prohibitionofemploymentofchildreninfactories,etc.
Art32
Remedies forenforcementof rights.TheSupremeCourt shallhavepower to issuewrits, includingwritsinthenatureof1. HabeasCorpus:issuedincaseofunlawfuldetention.[e.g.RowlettsAct,1909]2. Mandamus:issuedagainstthosepublicofficerwhodontfulfilltheirpublicdutyexceptgovernor,Prez.3. Prohibition:issuedfromsuperiorcourttoinferioronetostopworkingoutsideitsjurisdiction.4. QuoWarranto:issuedagainstthosewhooccupyapublicofficeunlawfully.5. Certiorari:issuedfromsuperiorcourttoinferioronetoquashtheorder
DIRECTIVEPRINCIPLESOFSTATEPOLICY[PartIV],Ireland,[Art33to51]Art39(A) Equaljusticeandfreelegalaid
Art40
Organizationofvillagepanchayats. BalawantRaiMehtacommitteeaskedfor3tiersystem,includes
1. Villagepanchayat2. Panchayatsamite3. ZilaParishad
73rdamendment1991addedpartIX:Panchayatso ScheduleXIincludes29subjectsofPanchayats.
74thamendmentaddedIXA:Municipalities.o ScheduleXIIconsistsof18subjectofmunicipality.
Art41 Righttowork,toeducationandtopublicassistanceincertaincasese.g.MGNAREGA.Art42 Provisionforjustandhumaneconditionsofworkandmaternityrelief.Art44 UniformcivilcodeArt45 Provisionforfreeandcompulsoryeducation forchildrentill14years.Art47 Toraisethelevelofnutritionandthestandardoflivingandtoimprovepublichealth.Art48 Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandrye.g. Green Revolution (1965), Operation
flood.Art48(A) Protectionandimprovementofenvironmentandsafeguardingofforestsandwildlife.Art49 Protectionofmonumentsandplacesandobjectsofnationalimportance.Art50 Separationofjudiciaryfromexecutive.Art51 Promotionofinternationalpeaceandsecuritye.g.Panchsheelpactwithchina(1954).11FUNDAMENTALDUTY[PartIV(A)],Art51(A) Addedinconstitutionby42ndconstitutionalamendment1976(a)toabidebytheConstitutionandrespectitsidealsandinstitutions,theNationalFlagandtheNationalAnthem;(b)tocherishandfollowthenobleidealswhichinspiredournationalstruggleforfreedom;(c)toupholdandprotectthesovereignty,unityandintegrityofIndia;(e)Torenouncepracticesderogatorytothedignityofwomen; (g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers andwild life, and to havecompassionforlivingcreatures;(k)ChildEducationbetweentheageof6and14years.Art74 CouncilofMinisterstoaidandadvisePresident.
Art76AttorneygeneralofIndiaFirstlawofficerofcountry.
AppointedbythePresidentofIndia Nofixedtenure Receivefixedamountdecidedbypresident,Notsalary Cantakepartinproceedingofparliament,butcantvote.
Art79Parliamentcomprises
1. PresidentHeispartoflegislature,eventhoughhedoesntsitinparliament.2. Councilofstate(RajyaSabha)3. Houseofpeople(LokSabha)
Art80 CompositionoftheCouncilofStates. [250 (max) =238 elected +12 Nominated]. It isnotsubjecttodissolution.Itisapermanentbody.1/3ofitsmemberretiresonexpirationofevery2years.
Art81 CompositionoftheHouseofthePeople. [552(max)=530elected+20UTs+2Nominated)]
Art108JointsittingofbothhousecalledbyPresident incertaincases.
1. Billisrejectedbytheotherhouse2. Thehouseshavefinallydisagreed.3. More than6month elapsed from thedate of receptionof bill by otherhousewithoutbill
beingpassed.
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Art112 MoneybillArt118 TheSpeakerPresidesoverthejointsittingofthetwohousesofparliament.Art123 Ordinancepowerofpresident duringrecessArt148 ComptrollerandAuditorGeneral(CAG)Art163 CouncilofMinisterstoaidandadvise governor.Art169 AbolitionorcreationofLegislativeCouncilsinStates.BicameralLegislative[7]:Telangana,AndhraPradesh,Bihar,UP,J&K,Maharashtra,Karnataka.Art213 OrdinancepowerofgovernorduringrecessArt214 Threenewhigh courts in India:Tripura,Meghalaya,Manipur. (21+3=24HighCourts.) [These 3statesaddedinIndiain1972];Article214providesthatthereshouldbeaHighcourtineachstate.Art262 Zonalcouncils(6)Chairman:UnionHomeMinisterArt263 InterstatecouncilunderrecommendationofSarkariacommissionChairman:PrimeMinister
PARTIX
Art243to243O[ThePanchayats]73rd amendmentact,19923tiersystem:
1. Panchayatatvillagelevel2. Districtpanchayatatdistrictlevel3. Intermediatepanchayat
TheelectorateisnamedGRAMSABHA
PARTIXAArt243Pto243ZG[TheMunicipalities]74th amendmentact,19923tiersystem:
1. Nagarpanchayat2. Municipalcouncil3. Municipalcorporation
Art280 FinancecommissionArt312 UnionpublicservicecommissionArt323A AdministrativeTribunalELECTIONCOMMISSIONOFINDIA[PartXV;Article324to329]
1. Article324:Powerofsuperintendence,directionandcontrolofelectionofPresident,Vicepresident,LS,RS,LA,LC.
2. TheelectionofPanchayatandMunicipalityconductedbyStateElectionCommission.3. ThetenureofCECis6years/65yearsage.4. Article326:RighttovoteonbasisofADULTSUFFRAGE(18yearsage)5. Art327CECofIndia:Dr.NasimZaidi(CEC)6. Art329:Disputeincaseofelectionfilledonelectionpetition.
a. DisputeofelectionofPresidentandVicePresidentSupremeCourtb. DisputeofelectionofMP/MLAHighCourt
Art335 ClaimsofScheduledCastesandScheduledTribestoservicesandposts.OFFICIALLANGUAGE[PARTXVII]Art343 OfficiallanguageoftheUnion (HindiinDevanagariscript)PARTXVIII[EMERGENCYPROVISION]Art352 ProclamationofemergencyunderWar,ExternalAggressionandArmedRebellion,Art356 Failureofconstitutionalmachinery instatescalledPresidentialrule.Art360 FinancialEmergency.{NotappliedinIndiatilldate}
PARTXXArt368
ConstitutionalAmendment.(2/3rd Majority)CASESTUDY:
1. ShankariPrashad(1951):FRsamendableasperSupremecourt2. SajjanSingh(1965):FRsamendableasperSupremecourt3. GolakNath(1967):FRsunamendableasperSupremecourtasperArt13limitation.4. KeshwanandBharti(1973):FRsareamendablewithoutchangeinBasicstructure5. Minervamillcase(1980):Violationofbasicstructureandjudicialreviewwasnull&void.
42ndAMENDMENT:1. Socialist,Secularandintegrityaddedtopreamble.2. DirectiveprincipleweregivenprecedenceoverFRs.3. Fundamentaldutieswereadded(Art51A).4. Administrativetribunals(Art323A)
91stAMENDMENT:1. Thetotalstrengthofcouncilofministershallnotexceed15%ofthetotalstrengthofhouse.Howeverin
smallstate,therecanbe12ministers.
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MISSION/PROJECTSTARTEDBYCENTRALGOVERNMENTBUDGET201415
DIGITALINDIAIndias first hispeed Rural Broadband Network (HSRBN) wascommissionedinIdukkiDistrictofKeralaandwasdeclaredthefirstdistrict in the country linked to the National Optic Fibre Network(NOFN).
MAKEININDIA 25th September2014.SWACHHBHARATABHIYAN ToprovidetotalsanitationtoeveryIndianby2019.
SHYAMAPRASADMUKHERJIRURBANMISSIONSPMRM Todeliverintegratedprojectbasedinfrastructureintheruralareas
PRADHANMANTRIJANDHANYOJANA Insurance1lakh.SANSADADARSHGRAMYOJNA
1. Villageshouldhavepopulationofaround3,000to5000.2. MPsshouldnotadopttheirownorinlawsvillages.3. Onevillagetobedevelopedby2016andtwomoreby2019.
DEENDAYALUPADHYAYGRAMJYOTIYOJANA
1. InitiatedbyPMNarendraModi.2. ReplaceongoingRajivGandhiruralElectrificationYojana.
MISSIONINDRADHANUSHIt aims to immunize all children against 7 vaccine preventablediseases namely Diphtheria, Whooping Cough, Tetanus, Polio,Tuberculosis,MeaslesAndHepatitisBby2020.
PROJECTMAUSAM SearouteandlandroutetoconnectholyplaceinIndia&outside.BHARATMALA RoadprojectproposedbytheUnionGovt. fromGujarattoMizoramtobebuiltalongIndiasvastWesttoEastlandborder.
NATIONALHERITAGEDEVELOPMENTANDAUGMENTATION(HRIDAY) Topreserveandrejuvenatetherichculturalheritageofthecountry.
ATALMISSIONFORREJUVENATIONANDURBANTRANSFORMATION
(AMRUT)
Second phase of JNNURM renamed under ministry of Urbandevelopment. 10year Programmewith total investment of about`2lakhcrore.
PMJEEVANJYOTI ` 330premium/year,` 200,000/ insurance,AGE
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GAUTAMBUDDHALumbini,Kapilvastu
Bodhgaya,BiharDearPark,Sarnath
Kushinagar,UP
Birth(563BC)MeditationunderPipaltreeatUruvella(Bodhgaya)onthebankofRiverNiranjana.DeliveredfirstSermonDharmachakraPravartanaturningthewheelofLawDied(483BC)Mahaparinirvna
BUDDHISTCOUNCILS1. Rajigriha:Ajatshatru2. Vaisali:Kalashoka
3. Patliputra:Ashok4. Kashmir:Kaniska
CAPITALSHIFTIlltutmish LahoretoDelhiMohammadBinTughlak DelhitoDevgiri/DaultabadSikandarLodhi DelhiToAgra.
MUGHALEMPIRE1. Founder:Babur2. LastRuler:BahadurShahII3. Capitals:Agra>FatehpurSikri>Lahore>Agra>Shahjehanabad/Delhi4. Languages:Persian>ChagataiTrukic>Urdu5. Religion:Islam>DineIlahi>IslamBabur,Humayun,Akbar,Jahangir,ShahJahan,Aurangzeb,BahadurShahI13rulers:(BASSAAMkoMUnNIRAFIkeganesuntihai,FURRsatJAHAmiljatihai)JahandarShahFurrukhusiyarRafiUlDarjat
RafiUdDaulatNikusiyarMuhammadIbrahimMuhammadShah
AhmadShahBahadurAlamgirIIShahJahanIII
ShahAlamIIAkbarShahIIBahadurShahII
Portuguese(1501Cochin)>Dutch(1605)>English(Surat1608)>French(1668Surat) ACTBEFOREINDEPENDENCE
RegulatingAct,1773 SupremecourtatFortWilliaminKolkata.PittsIndiaact,1784
CharterAct,1793CharterAct,1813 TrademonopolyofEastIndiacompanyend.CharterAct,1833CharterAct,1853 Separategovernor ofBengalappointed.
GovernmentofIndiaAct,1858Directruleofcrown.EndOfRuleofEastIndiaCompanySecretaryofstateofIndia:IndiacouncilLastGovernorGeneral/FirstViceroy:Canning(185662)AssociationofIndiansnecessaryforBritishrule.[FIRSTICS:SNTAGORE]
Indiancouncilact,1861 EnvisagedassociationonIndianswiththeadministrationathigherlevel.Indiancouncilact,1892
MorleyMintoreform,1909 ProvideSeparateElectorate ofMuslimcommunitytowidengulfbetweenHinduandMuslim.GovernmentofIndiaAct,1915GovernmentofIndiaAct,1919/
Chelmsfordreport,1919IndianlegislaturemadeBicameral firsttime.RowlettactextraordinarypowerhasbeengiventosuppressthefreedomstrugglewithgeneralDyerasacommandant.
GovernmentofIndiaAct,1935Itprovidefederaltypegovernment.IntroducedprovincialautonomyandAbolisheddiarchyinprovincesMadeministerresponsibletolegislatureandfederationatcentre.
Crippsmission,March1942Cabinetmission(marchJune1946) EstablishmentofConstituentAssembly toframetheconstitution.
NAVARATNAOFAKBAR[BATBATMDH]Birbal,AbulFajal,Tansen,Bhagvandas,AbdulRahimKhanKhana,Todermal,ManShing,MullaDoPyaza,HakimHukam
VICEROYOFINDIADalhausi (184856): MAYO (186972): Rippon (188084): Dufferin (1885): Curzon (1905): Hardinge (1911):Chelmsford(191621):Reading(192126):Irwin(192631):Willington:Linlithgow(193643).
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Dalhausi:1848:DoctrineofLapseSatara,Jhansi,Nagpur,Jaitpur,Sambhalpur,Baghait,Udaipur.1853:FirstRailwayfromthanetoMumbai1854:Postofficesystem&Postalstamp1854:WoodsDispatchSchemefordevelopmentofeducationinIndia(MagnacartaofEducation)
Rippon:
1881:Firstcompletecensus1881:FirstFactoryact(Childlabour)1882:RepealedVernacularPressactinwhichNoIndianlanguagenewspapercanpublishseditiousarticle.1882:Localselfgovernmentact[FatherofLocalselfgovernmentinIndia]1882:HunterreportPrimaryEducation1883:IlbertbillIndianjudgescanalsotrailthecasesofEuropeans.
WORLDCLIMATE010NS EquatorialRubber.
1020NS Savannatropical,calledNaturalZoo.[Llanos,Compos,Khno,Salisbury]2030NS Hotdesertclimate
3040NSWarmtemperate(Mediterranean)
1. Sirocco(Hotwind)Saharadessert2. Mistral(ColdWind)Rhonevalley,France(80km/hr.)
4050NS Temperate[Prairies(NA),Pampas(SA),Veld(S.Africa),Down(Australia),Steppes(Russia)].5570NS Taiga7090NS Arctic
CHINA BRITISH
TROPICALMONSOON
NEPALEARTHQUAKE(25thApril2015)OperationMaitri:IndianArmysreliefandrescueoperationinNepal.
Epicentre LamjungMagnitude 7.9[1to9 RichterScaleinLogbasis]
IntensityMeasurement 112(ModifiedMarcalliScale)Seismograph WorkingonPrincipleofInertia
Cause Convergence of Indian and EurasianTectonicsplates.
TypesofSeismicwavesPwave:UpDownSwave:FwdBakwardLOVE(LOngwaVE)/R:SurfaceWave(Ripples)
MajorTectonicPlates(6)
1. Pacificplate(Largest)2. Eurasianplate3. IndoAustralianplate
4. Africanaplate5. Americanplate(NA&SA)6. Antarcticaplate
PlateMovements Convergence Earthquake,Volcaniceruption,Formationofyoungfoldmountains.DivergenceandParallelmovements.Earthquakezonein
India(5zone)Zone5 (veryHigh risk i.e. Gujarat), Zone IV (High risk i.e.Himalayan,UP, Bihar),ZoneIII(Mumbai,Kolkata),ZoneII(Chennai),ZoneI(SouthernPlateauarea)
RingofFire DuetoconvergenceofPacific(11cm/year)EffectonHimalaya IndiareducestowardsNorth6cm/yearhencetheheightofHimalayaincreases.AverageDensityof
Earth 5.5gm/cm3i.e.(2.67gm/cm3,5.5gm/cm3,11gm/cm3)
CurriePointItisthetemperatureatwhichsolidbecomesviscous.HighertheDensity,HigherwillbeCurriepoint.Evenat6000C,InnercoreisSolidduetoHigherdensity.
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ROCKS
IGNEOUSFormedfromlavahurledoutofavolcanoorfromthecoolingofhotmagmabelowthecrust.
1. GraniteCoursegrainedduetoslowcooling.2. BasaltFinegrainedduetofastcooling.
SEDIMENTARY
Formedbytheerosionandweatheringofotherrocktypes. Carriers:Wind,waterandsnow1. Sandstone is made from grains of sand, which have been naturally cemented
together.2. Chalk is made up of millions of tiny calcium carbonate (lime) skeletons of
microorganisms3. Coal,Gypsum,Petroleum
METAMORPHICThesetypesofrocksareformedwhenarockissubjectedtoheatand/orpressure.
1. Slate:Claywhensubjectedtoheatand/orpressuregetsmetamorphosedtoslate.2. Marble:Limestonegiverisetomarble.
SOILDISTRIBUTIONININDIAPedologyAlluvialsoil GreatIndianPlain,rivervalleys,coastalplainsanddeltas.
BlackCottonsoil(Regur)
Maharashtra,westernMadhya Pradesh, parts of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, GujaratandTN.
Red&yellowsoil: TamilNadu,Karnataka,AndhraPradeshandOrissa TripuraLateritesoil Coastal margins and plains of southern peninsula from West Bengal to southernMaharashtra
RedLoamsoil CG,MPAridsoil WesternRajasthan
MansonInIndiaSouthwestManson 1June5June 10June 15June 1July 15JulyRetreatingManson
PRESSUREDISTRIBUSTIONININDIAJanuary 1018 1014 mbarApril 1008 1010 mbarJuly 998 1010mbar
October 1011(Uniform) mbar
WINDDISTRIBUTIONFourtypesofwind1) Permanentwind
a) Tradewindb) Westerlyc) Polarwind
2) Periodicalwinda) Seabreezeb) Valleybreeze
3) Variablewinda) Cyclone
4) Localwinda) Loo(India)b) Siroccoc) Mistral(Rhonevalley)
FORESTININDIAMoistTropical
EvergreenFoundinregionsof200400cmannualrainfall.WesternGhats,EasternIndiaincludeOrissa,WB&NE,andA&NIsland.(e.g.
MoistTropicalDeciduous
MINISTRYOFENVIRONMENT&FORESTS1. OzoneCellisestablishedundertheMinistryofEnvironment&Forests forundertakingactivitiesrelatingto
implementationofViennaConventionandMontrealProtocol.2. ProjectTiger(1973):2226tigerin2014(Age>1.5years)i.e.30.5%increased.Karnatakahaslargest
numbers(406)oftiger.a. 49tigerreservesinIndia(asperdata)
i. RajajinationalparkUKis48thandKudremukhNationalparkinKarnatakais49th.b. The3newproposedtigerreservesare
(a) Ratapani(MadhyaPradesh),Sunabeda(Odisha),GuruGhasidas(Chhattisgarh)
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HYDROPOWERPROJECTSJ&K:Salal&DulhastiinChenab;ChutakinSuru;NimmoBazqo(Indus);SewainRavi;Uri(Jhelum)HP:Bairasiul;Chamera;Manipur:Loktak;UK:Dhauliganga;Tanakpur;MP:Onkareshwar;Indirasagar;Orissa:Balimela,TamilNadu:Kundoh;Sikkim:Rangit;RiverTeesta
CHAMBALRIVERDAMItflowsinthreestate(MP,Rajasthan,UP).[Cityonbank: Gwalior,Dhaulpur&Kota](a) GandhiSagarDam;(b)JawaharSagarDam;(c)RanaPratapSagarDam
NARMADARIVER Origin:NarmadaKundatAmarkantak,situatedintheMaikalRange ItflowsinRIFTValley,flowingwestbetweentheSatpuraandVindhyachalrange. Itpassesthrough3states(MP,MaharashtraandGujarat). FALLS:DhuandharaFallsandBhedaghatFalls(MP); DAM:SardarSarovarDam.
RESERCHINSTITUTESRESEARCHINSTITUTE HQ
ICRISAT(InternationalCropResearchInstitutefortheSemiAridTropics),INCOIS,CentreforDNAFingerprintingandDiagnostics,CCMB
HILLS/MOUNTAINSinINDIA1) Karakoram>Ladakh>LEH>Zaskar>GreatHimalayan>Pirpanzal>Shivalik2) HillsinArunachalPradesh(Toptobottom):Mishmihills>Aborhills>Mirihills>Daflahills.3) Garo>Khasi>Jayantia>Mikir4) Mountainsfrombottomtoup:Cardamom52%).(g) NaturalRubber:Indiaranks3rdinproduction&4thinconsumptionwhileMalaysiaisthelargestproducer.
WORLDHAPPINESSREPORT(UN):PublishedbytheSustainableDevelopmentSolutionsNetwork(SDSN).SWITZERLAND 001(Highest)INDIA 117TOGO 158(Lowest)
ENVIROMENTALDEMOCRACYINDEX(TheAccessInstitute&WorldResourceInstitute)LITHUANIA 1INDIA 24
ECONOMICALPLANS1) PlannedeconomyforIndiaDr.Vishveshwaraiya(1934)2) BombayplanJohnMathai(1944)3) GandhianplanSrimanNarayana(1944)4) PeoplesplanMNRoy(1945)
5) SarvodayaplanJaiPrakashNarayana(1950)6) Planningcommission(1952)7) NITIAayog(2014)
5YEARSPLANSININDIA12th(20122017): Faster,Sustainable andMoreInclusiveGrowth
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DIFFERENCEAMONGBACTERIA,VIRUS,ALGAE,FUNGI&LICHENBacteria Virus Algae Fungi Lichen
It can float in airand live on icymountain tops. Ithas nochlorophyll. Itobtainnourishmentfrom living/Deadorganicmaterial.
Theyliveinsidehostcellofliving body. Antibioticshave no effect on virus asthey dont havemetabolism of their own.Three types of virus:Animalvirus(RNA&DNA),Plant virus (RNA) andbacterialvirus(DNA).
Algaearegreenandhavechlorophyll.It fixes atmosphericnitrogen into usefulcompound, used asfertilizer.Algae areautotrophic.
Non green, Nonchlorophyll,Heterotrophic,No definitetissue.E.g.: Mushroom,Yeast, Moulds,Puff balls, Toadballs.
It is a combinationofanalgae&Fungi.Algae manufacturefood. Fungusprovides water andmechanicalprotection.It found on bark oftreesandonrocks.
PROTOZOANDISEASESMalaria: BiteofFEMALEANOPHELESMOSQUITO[RBC&Liver]
VisceralLeismaniasis(KALAAJAR): BiteofSANDFLY[Affectedorgan:Bonemarrow]Sleepingsickness: BiteofTSETSEFLY(mostlyinruralarea)[Brain]
Diarrhea: BiteofHOUSEFLY[Affectedorgan:Intestine] VIRALDISEASERabies, Rubella (German measles) AIDS [Elisha Test], Poliomyelitis, Chickenpox, Mumps, Small Pox, Measles(Khasra),Influenza,YellowFever,Hepatitis,SARS,Chikungunia.
BACTERIALDISEASE[DiscoveredbyVanleeuwenhoek]Cholera, Gonorrhea, Diphtheria, Tuberculosis, Typhus, Tetanus, Typhoid [Widal Test], Meningitis, Pneumonia,BotulismorfoodpoisoningandSyphilis.Typhoidfeverspreadthroughcontaminatedfood,drink,orwater.
FUNGIDISEASEHeyfever,AthletesFoot,Ringworm.
ENDOCRINEGLANDS[Hormonessecretionsdirectlyintobloodwithoutduct]1) Pineal: Vestigialorgan.2) Pituitary: Smallestgland,calledasmastergland,secretsGrowthhormone&Oxytocinhormone3) Thyroid: 4) Thymus: Disappearduringoldage.Vestigialorgan5) Pancreas: [IsletsofLangerhans]6) Adrenal: Gland(ControlSugarMetabolism,SaltRetaining,SexHormones,SourceofEnergy).ItislocatedsuperiortoKIDNEY.7) Ovary&Testis:
CELLORGANELLESCellwall MadeupofcelluloseandChitin.
Cellmembrane Knownasplasmamembrane.MadeofproteinandLipid.Protoplasm Itisphysicalbasisoflife;99%ofitmadeofC,H,O,N.
Nucleus DiscoveredbyRobertBrown,contains1)Chromatin(DNA);2)Nucleolus(RNA).Ribosome ContainsRNA;AsiteforProteinSynthesis.Lysosome Digestivebagandaswellassuicidebag.
Endoplasmicreticulum Metabolism.Golgicomplex FormationofLysosome&peroxisomes.Mitochondria ContainsDNA;PowerHouseofcell;EnergystoredinformofATP.
Plastids FoundinPLANTCELL only;containsDNA;synthesizesFAT,Starch,andProtein. VITAMINB{solubleinWater},[VitamintermwasinventedbyFUNK]
B1 Thiamine BeriberiB2 Riboflavin Glossaries,keratitisB3 Niacin Pellagra,4SsyndromeB5 PantothenicAcid EarlyagingB6 Pyridoxine DermatitisB7 Biotin Muscularpain,growthfailureB9 FolicAcid MacrocyticAnemiaB12 Cynocobalamine PerniciousAnemia
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AortaLeftventricleMistral/Bicuspidvalve
Leftatrium
PulmonaryveinsLUNGS
Pulmonaryartery
Rightventricle
Tricuspidvalve
RightAtrium(Pacemaker)
IMPUREBLOOD
EXOCRINEGLANDS[withduct]Liver,Pancreas,Sweat,salivary.
HEART:
DIGESTIVESYSTEMOFHUMANMouth PtyalindigeststhestarchandconvertsitintoMaltose(Disaccharide).
AlimentaryCanal Serosa,Muscularis(Innercircular,OuterLongitudinal),Submucosa,Mucossa
StomachMainlyProtein synthesis takes place. Absorption of simple sugar, Alcohol andmedicine.AnatomicalregionofHumanstomachconsistsofCardiac,FundusandPyloric.InStomachGastricjuicecontainsEnzyme:PepsinandRenin.
SmallIntestine Threeregions:Duodenum(Ushape),Ileum,Jejunum. InIleumSuccusEntericusconsistsofEnzyme:Sucrase,Maltase&Lactase.LargeIntestine ItconsistsofCaecum;Ascendingcolon,transversecolon,Descendingcolon,Rectum
GENETICALLYMODIFIEDCROPSTheBigFour:Soybean,Maize,RapeseedandCotton.
MINERALSMajor:C,Mg,O,N,K,P,Ca,S,H
Minor:Zn,Mn,Mo,B,Fe,Cu,Cl IMPORTANTDAYS
Worldmeteorologicalday:23rdMarchWorldtelecommunicationday:17thMayHumanrightday:10thDecember
Nationaltechnologyday:11th MayNationalscienceday:28thFebTeachersday:5thSeptember
Earthday:22ndAprilOzoneday:16thSeptemberEnvironmentday:5thJune
Goodgovernanceday:25thDecember WorldYogaday:21st June Nationalunityday:31st Oct
FAMOUSAUTHOR&HISBOOKSVSNAIPAUL: Amillionmutiniesnow,Inafreestate,Theenigmaofarrival,Bendofriver,HouseofMr.Biswas
SALMANRUSHDIE: Midnightchildren,SatanicversesARVINDADIGA: Whitetiger,Lastmanintower,BetweentheassassinationKIRANDESAI: Inheritanceofloss
ARUNDHATIRAI:SHASHITHAROOR:JASWANTSINGH:AMARTYASEN:
PRANABMUKHERJEE:NARENDRAMODI:
ListeningtograsshopperIndiaShastra:ReflectionsontheNationinOurTimeIndiaatriskTheIdeaofJusticeBeyondsurvival,TheDramaticDecade:TheIndiraGandhiYears
RENEWABLES2014GLOBALSTATUSTOTALCAPACITY/GENERATION WIND SOLAR
THERMALHYDROPOWER GEOTHERMAL BIOPOWER WIND Geothermal
1st China Spain China USA USA Gujrat,TamilNadu
1. Chhattisgarh2. Gujarat3. Andhra4. WestBengal
2nd USA USA 3rd Germany UAE 4th Spain INDIA 5th India Algeria INDIA
NavinShukla P a g e |16 Monday,May18,2015
NEW/OLDNAMEOFCITIES/COUNTRIESIndonesia:EastDutchindiesSpanishguinea:EquatorialguineaSalisbury:HarareDutchGuiana:SurinamNyasaland:Malawi
Abyssinia: EthiopiaElliceIsland:TuvaluNorthernRhodesia:ZambiaBasutoland:LesothoDahomey:Benin
Batavia: JakartaSouthernRhodesia:ZimbabweSouthwestAfrica:NamibiaChristiana:OsloFormosa:Taiwan
SASTRIYALANGUAGES1) Odiya(14) 2) Malayalam(13) 3) Telugu (08) 4) Kannada (08) 5) Tamil 6) Sanskrit
TENISGRANDSLAM2014Winner(SinglesMenandsinglesWomen)1) Frenchopen(RollandGarros) MariaSharapova,Russia RafaelNadal,Spain(9);Total142) Wimbledon NovakDjokovic,Serbia3) AustralianOpen SerenaWilliams(6th);Total19 NovakDjokovic(Serbia)IndiasLeanderPaesandSwissMartinaHingis(MixedDoubles)
TYPESOFPRECIPITATION(1to5only)a) Fog:NightandMorningcondensation.b) Dew:nightandmorningcondensationc) Mist:eveningcondensationd) Frost:occurintropicalandsubtropicalareae) Rime:occurinsubpolararea
1) Rainfall:dropletdiameter>0.5mm2) Snowfall:3) Hails: water and Ice together (Tropical &
Subtropicalregion)4) Drizzle:dropletdiameterCapeTown>CapeOfGoodHope>CapeAgulhas>PortElizabeth>EastLondon>
Durban AUSTRALIA:(BSCMAPHD):Brisbane,Sydney,Canberra,Melbourne,Adelaide,Perth,Hobart,andDarwin. MERS(middleeastrespiratorysindrom):virus;countryeffectedwadSaudiArab VietnamrefusedtoparticipateinAsiangames2019. AreawisesmalleststateinIndiais:Goa(smallest)