Get out your history Get out your history homeworkhomework

History of History of South AsiaSouth Asia

Ch. 24 Sec. 2

1. What were 3 developments of 1. What were 3 developments of the Indus Valley civilization?the Indus Valley civilization?

• Writing system

• Strong central govn’t

• Masters of overseas trade

• Organized, planned cities

• Uniform weights and measures

Indus Valley CivilizationIndus Valley Civilization

Mohenjo-Daro

2. What are 2 of the world’s oldest 2. What are 2 of the world’s oldest cities? What technology did they have?cities? What technology did they have?

• Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa

• Bricks made by kilns (still used today)

• Plumbing systems

• Sanitation systems

• Signs of dentistry: drilled,

crowned teeth!

Mohenjo-Daro: Great BathMohenjo-Daro: Great Bath

3. What do many scientists 3. What do many scientists believebelieve led to their decline?led to their decline?• Flooding • Drought

– Δ in monsoons leaves area cool & dry– Tectonic activity diverts river elsewhere

• Disease

4. Who were the Aryans?4. Who were the Aryans?• Light-skinned herders and hunters

from the northwest (possibly 1700 B.C.E.)

5. What were the Vedas?5. What were the Vedas?• Collection of sacred writings- show

ideas of religion, social structure, hymns, etc.

• Hindu sacred text (to some); oldest in Sanskrit

Aryan ArrivalAryan Arrival

6. 6. AryanAryan social class pyramid social class pyramid

Priests

Warriors & Nobles

Artisans & Farmers

Slaves, Criminals

• Structure was flexible @ first (intermarriage, etc), but became more complex and rigid caste system

7. When did the Mauryan Empire 7. When did the Mauryan Empire control S. Asia? What religion?control S. Asia? What religion?• 320-180 B.C.E. (Chandragupta Maurya)

– Ruled all but southernmost India

• Buddhism (Asoka’s pillars)

8. When did the Gupta Empire rule? 8. When did the Gupta Empire rule? What are things its famous for? What are things its famous for? Religion?Religion?

• 320-550 C.E. (Chandra Gupta I)• Golden Age of India (sciences, math,

astronomy, religion)– Concept of zero & infinity, origin of

Arabic #s, heliocentric theory

• Hinduism

MedicineMedicineMedicineMedicine LiteratureLiteratureLiteratureLiterature

MathematicsMathematicsMathematicsMathematicsAstronomyAstronomyAstronomyAstronomy

Printedmedicinal

guides

1000 diseasesclassified

PlasticSurgery

C-sectionsperforme

d

Inoculations

500 healingplants

identified

DecimalSystem

Conceptof Zero

PI = 3.1416

Kalidasa

SolarCalendarCalendar

The The earthearth

is roundis round

GuptaGuptaIndiaIndia

Gupta Gupta AchievementsAchievements

Gupta Gupta AchievementsAchievements

9. How did the Mogul (Mughal) 9. How did the Mogul (Mughal) Empire come to power?Empire come to power?

• Muslim missionaries & traders were moving across Africa & Asia

• Moguls, over time, took control over most of Indian subcontinent (1526)–Most land gained under Akbar–Defeated only by British in 1857

Taj Mahal (Agra, India)Taj Mahal (Agra, India)

1632-1653 CE by Shah Jahan

10. Who were the first Europeans?10. Who were the first Europeans?• Portuguese, 1500

11. What was the East India 11. What was the East India Company and its significance?Company and its significance?• Began as a trade company for East

Indies mainly India & China

• Soon began ‘ruling’ some India (1757-1858)

• British Crown then took control of India(there was a Dutch EIC that affected Africa,

and SE Asia islands)

12. What did the British call their 12. What did the British call their empire? How did colonization influence empire? How did colonization influence Indian culture?Indian culture?

• Raj (empire)

• Brought English language*

• New educational system

• Built RRs

• Civil/public services

Modern South AsiaModern South Asia• India

13. What is significant about 1947?– Gained independence from Britain

14. How was India further divided?- India formed for Hindus, Pakistan (east &

west) for Muslims

15. How did the division of India impact people?- Forced to move to country of religion violent

conflicts erupted- Kashmir

Modern South AsiaModern South Asia• Sri Lanka

16. When did Sri Lanka gain independence, from who?

- 1948 from Britain; Ceylon S.L. (1972)- Britain favored Tamils…prelude to civil war

• Maldives17. When did the Maldives gain

independence, from who?- 1965 from Britain

Modern South AsiaModern South Asia• Pakistan/Bangladesh

18. What is significant about 1971?- Indo-Pakistani War b/w East & West,

India fought against West Pak. Bangladesh created- Extremely violent

(began with genocide

against Bengali Hindus)

Modern South AsiaModern South Asia

19. List 2 regional conflicts.– Kashmir disputed b/w India &

Pakistan• Nuclear proliferation adds to tension

– Tamils want independent state w/in Sri Lanka (civil war)

(will discuss more with Webquest hw )

Modern South AsiaModern South Asia20. List the type of government of each

country.– India: largest democracy in world– Pakistan: Islamic Republic with military

involvement (unstable) – Sri Lanka & Bangladesh: democracies w/

instability due to ethnic clashes– Nepal & Maldives: was monarchy, now

democracy (2008, 1968 respectively)– Bhutan: Democracy w/ monarch (2007)

Male, MaldivesMale, Maldives