Post on 04-Jun-2018
GEEnergy
GE Proprietary & Confidential
GE’s “Grid Friendly” Wind Plant Technology
EXECUTIVE EXCHANGE ON THE USE & INTEGRATION OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY IN THE POWER SECTOR
Pedro ArsuagaGE EnergyMadrid, October 21, 2009
EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 2April 3, 2008
Model: 1.5 Model: 1.5 slesleTechnical Data (General)
Rated Capacity: 1.5 MW
Cut in Wind Speed: 3.5 m/s (7.83 mph)
Cut out Wind Speed: 25 m/s (62.63 mph)
Rated Wind Speed: 14 m/s (31.32 mph)
Hub Diameter: 77 m (252.62 ft)
Hub Height: 80 m (262.47 ft)
Certification: IEC TC IIb Ve50 = 52 m/s
Climate Conditions: Standard Weather Operation: -15 C to +40 C (-5 F to 104 F)
Survival: -20 C to +50 C (-4 F to 122 F)
Noise Level: 104 db (A) average
EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 3April 3, 2008
Product Characteristics
<= 105 dB(A)Noise level
-15C to +40COperating temperature
25m/sCut out wind speed
3.0m/sCut in wind speed
59.5m/sSurvival wind speed
8.5 m/sAverage wind speed
100mHub height
2.5MWRated Power
100mRotor Diameter
DIBt WZ II, IEC TC IIIa,IEC TC II-b
Wind Regime
Model: 2.5 XLModel: 2.5 XL
EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 4April 3, 2008
Plant performance solutions
O&M tools
WindFREEReactive Power
Reactive Powereven with no wind
WindRIDE-THRU
Uninterrupted turbineoperation through griddisturbances
WindINERTIA
Inertial response forlarge, short durationfrequency deviations
WindCONTROL
Voltage and power regulation like a conventional plant
WindSCADA
Sophisticated tools to operate, maintain and manage the entire wind plant
WindLAYOUT
Maximizes energycapture throughadvanced turbine siting
AEP improvementGrid friendly capabilities
EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 5April 3, 2008
Utility systems require that wind power plants:› Provide Controlled and Predictable Power Response From
Variations in Wind, Turbine and Grid Frequency
› Must remain connected to the grid following disturbances – in short, they must remain stable
Good locations for wind plants often entail connection to relatively weak transmission systems
As Wind Power Plants increase in size and contribution …
Wind plants must perform like a conventional power plant
EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 6April 3, 2008
Ride-Thru Capabilities• Remains on-line and feeds
reactive power through system disturbances
• Meets present and emerging grid requirement with Low/Zero Voltage Ride Through (LVRT/ZVRT) capability
• Meets transmission reliability standards similar to thermal generators
Fault Recovery• Voltage recovery better than
conventional generator Active Power
Reactive Power
Voltage
Apparent Power
Zero Voltage Event
GE's Standard WindRIDE-THRU Offerings
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
-1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Time (seconds)
Volta
ge a
t Poi
nt o
f In
terc
onne
ctio
n (P
erce
nt)
200 ms
LVRT
ZVRT
HVRT
Synchronous generator swings dramatically
EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 7April 3, 2008
Voltage at POI
Wind Plant Power Output
Voltage RegulationActual measurements from a
162MW wind plant
Wind Plant Voltag
• Regulates Grid Voltage at Point of Interconnection
• Minimizes Grid Voltage Fluctuations Even Under Varying Wind Conditions
Average Wind Speed
Voltage RegulationLike A Conventional Power Plant
Average Wind Speed
Generator
Transformer
MainTransformer
45 mi.34.5kV
POI
ConverterControl WFMS
Wind Turbine
kW
kVAR
kW
kVAR230kV
Substation
EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 8April 3, 2008
Active Power Controls
Typical Grid Requirements• Ramp rates• Power curtailment• Power droop w/ frequency
Power Droop Test
0.000
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.200
Available Power
Actual Power
Curtailment Example
2% Frequency Increase
50% Power Reduction
Pow
er (k
W)
Freq
uenc
y (H
z)
Pavail
PoutRamp Rate
Pow
er
Power Ramp Rates
EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 9April 3, 2008
WindCONTROLHardware Overview• Substation Mounted Cabinet
PT&CT Interface to Substation• SCADA HMI
Operates on Wind Plant LAN
Plant Level Controller Orchestrates Operation of Individual Turbines
EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 10April 3, 2008
Wind Plant Startup
Settings:
Turbines Sequenced On at 20 second Intervals
Ramp Rate Limit 3MW/Min
Wind Plant PowerRamping at less than 3MW/Min
1 Minute Average Ramp Rate (kW/sec)
Turbines transitioning
Online
Pow
er (k
W)
Num
ber
of T
urbi
nes
Onl
ine
Wind Plant Output Controlled During Startup Conditions
EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 11April 3, 2008
Wind Plant Shutdown
Settings:
Shutdown Interval Set to 5 Minutes
Wind Plant Power
Ramping to Zero in 5 Mins N
umbe
r of
Tur
bine
s O
nlin
eTurbines transitioning
Off-line
Pow
er (k
W)
Wind Plant Output Controlled During Shutdown Conditions
EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 12April 3, 2008
WindFREE Reactive Power
• Wind Turbine converter can deliver reactive power (kVAR) without wind (kW)
• Benefits weak grids and systems with high wind penetration
• Voltage support continues without active power generation…even following trips
Reactive Power - even without wind
EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 13April 3, 2008
2.5 WTG Reactive Power Capability
Cos 0.95
Cos 0.90
Available VARWindFREE Reactive Power
EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 14April 3, 2008
Wind Plant-Wind Turbine Stability Modeling• Good models of wind plants gain importance as wind
penetration levels impact system performance
Positive Sequence Load Flow Model For GE Plant Systems
• Development of stability models is on-going and evolving with equipment capability and validation efforts
– ZVRT and Voltage Response models closely replicate plant performance
Kiv/s+
Vrfq (vref)
WindControl Emulation
11+ sTc
11+ sTr
Vreg
Qmax
Qmin
1/fN Qord
s5
s4
s3-
Kpv
1+ sTv
s2
Qwv
+
+
Slower Refined Plant-Level Control
++
Qcmd
Qgen
Vref
Vmax
Vterm
KVi / s
Vterm + XIQmax
Vmin
Eq"cmd
s0s1
Vterm + XIQmin
KQi / s(efd)
--
Slower WTGQ Control
Fast Initial WTGVoltage Control
EWEC Grid Friendly Presentation 15April 3, 2008
Field Measurements vs Model for a Wind Plant
RED = PSLF Model
BLUE = Test measurements
POI voltage response
POI reactive power
response
Capacitor switched
offline
Fast Initial WTG
Response
Slower, coordinated plant level Response
Multi-modal response is grid friendly
• Addresses Reliability Concerns of Grid Operators
• Improves Grid Operability and Security
• Increases Capability of Grids to Successfully Achieve High Levels of Wind Penetration
“Grid Friendly” Wind Power Plant…
Thank you!