Sustainable Development Goals Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal Resources

Victor Otieno

Geologist

Kenya Electricity Generating Company PLC

Geothermal Exploration of Olkaria and Menengai fields

24th November, 2019

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

Outline

• General Introduction.

• Olkaria geothermal field.

• Menengai geothermal field.

• Conclusion

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

General introduction

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

General introduction cont’d

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

Olkaria Geothermal Field

• Field size- 240 Km2.

• Geothermal License Area-204 Km2.

• Located within Olkaria Volcanic Complex.

• Geothermal potential- 1200 MWe.

• Exploration for geothermal resources- 1952

• Divided into 7 sectors/sub-fields.

• Aggregate installed capacity-865 MWe.

• KenGen PLC & OrPower 4 Inc.

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

Olkaria Geothermal Field cont’d

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

Exploration history

• In 1952-Studies carried out by a consortium of companies-EAPL., PSC., AEIE., Babock & Wilcox Ltd.

• In 1956- X1 and X2 were drilled (950 m and 1200 m).

• 1966- a resistivity survey done.

• 1971- UNDP/GoK- geothermal exploration (Olkaria- Lake Bogoria).

• Geological mapping, hydrogeological surveys, gravity studies & infra-red imagery surveys.

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

Exploration history cont’d

• Recommended deep drilling of 4 deep wells- 2200 m.

• In 1973- OW-01 drilled- 102 0C at 1 km depth.

• In 1974- OW-02 drilled and struck steam- 1350 m.

• By 1976- 6 exploratory wells had been drilled.

• Feasibility study by SWESCO and VRKIR consulting group.

• Recommended development of 2x15 MWe power plant.

• After the feasibility study- UNDP pulled out of the project.

• Active drilling for a 30 MWe power plant continued- GENZL.

• Additional wells drift thereafter.

• In1981- 15 MWe of Olkaria 1.

• > 300 wells drilled to present.

• Continuous exploration & development- current status of the field.

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

Olkaria Geothermal Field- Geology

• Surface geology- pyroclasts, pumice, comendites.

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

OGF- Structural setting

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

OGF- Lithological cross-sections

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

OGF Stratigraphic model

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

OGF Conceptual model

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

Menengai Geothermal Field

• Exploration by KenGen- 2004.

• Detailed surface studies by GDC- 2011.

• Developed by GDC.

• > 54 wells have been drilled.

• Has realised a potential of about 170 MWe.

• 105 MWe to be developed by IPPs.

Orpower 22 Ltd.

QEAPL.

Sosian Menengai geothermal power Ltd.

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

Menengai Geothermal Field

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

Menengai Wells

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

MGF- Components

Menengai Caldera.

Ol’rongai TVA.

Solai graben.

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

MGF- Volcanic phases

•Pre-caldera.

•Syn-caldera.

•Post-caldera.

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

MGF- Geology

• Pyroclastics.

• Ignimbrites.

• Trachytes.

• Basalts.

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

MGF- Structural setting

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

MGF- Lithological cross-sections

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

MGF stratigraphic model

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

MGF Conceptual Model

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

Conclusion

• Capacity building key.

• Improvement in technology- current to status of the fields.

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

THANK YOU

SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal ResourcesOrganized by UNU-GTP and KenGen | Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha | Nov 14-4 Dec, 2019

INFORMATION

Name of course: SDG Short Course IV on Exploration and Development of Geothermal Resources

Location: Lake Bogoria and Lake Naivasha, Kenya

Timing: November 14-December 4, 2019

Organized by: United Nations University Geothermal Training Programme (UNU-GTP) and Kenya Electricity Generating Company PLC (KenGen)

Financed by: UNU-GTP and KenGen

Presentation author(s): Victor Otieno (votieno@kengen.co.ke)

Kenya Electricity Generating Company Company PLC

P.O Box 785-20117, Naivasha

www.kengen.co.ke