Geology for Society Geology for Society –NGU in a local, regional and

international perspective international perspective

Geology for Society:gy yca. 3150 years ago

• Turin papyrus map from ancient Egypt, about 1150 BC• Made by Amennakhte (well-known ’Scribe of Tomb’)• Made by Amennakhte (well-known Scribe of Tomb )• Made for a quarrying expedition sent to Wadi Hammamat

by king Ramesess IV (1156-1150 C)• Made to obtain blocks of the bekhen-stone

Mapping mineral resources from ti aeromagnetic surveys

LarvikiteE t l i 2005 84 illi E• Export value in 2005: 84 million Euro

• Reserves: 10-20 billion Euro

National databases are in place …

So, what is Geology for Society?, gy y

Geology for Society?

Water & food

MineralsSafety

Energy

Gl b l G th R t Global Growth Rates (Real GDP)

Country/Region 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007* 2008*% Change from Previous Period

World 4.0 5.3 4.9 5.4 4.9 4.9World 4.0 5.3 4.9 5.4 4.9 4.9Advanced Economies 1.9 3.3 2.5 3.1 2.5 2.7Australia 3.1 3.7 2.8 2.7 2.6 3.3China 10.0 10.1 10.4 10.7 10.0 9.5J 1 4 2 7 1 9 2 2 2 3 1 9Japan 1.4 2.7 1.9 2.2 2.3 1.9Korea 3.1 4.7 4.2 5.0 4.4 4.4United States 2.5 3.9 3.2 3.3 2.2 2.8

* = projected data

Source : IMF - World Economic Outlook April 2007

Changes in average annual metal prices f 2005 06 t 2006 07from 2005-06 to 2006-07

160% Change

120

140

160US$ A$

60

80

100

0

20

40

-20

0

Oil

Alu

min

a

ron

Ore

Lum

p

Nic

kel

Cob

alt

Gol

d

Cop

per

Lead

Zinc Ti

nSource: LME, Kitco, TEX Report, Metal Prices

A I

Eksportverdi av norske mineraler(mill. 2002-kroner)

3 000

Export value of Norwegian minerals 2006

2 500

3 000

Industrimineraler

1 500

2 000

500

1 000

Metaller

Naturstein/skifer

Pukk/molostein

0

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Kull

E 2006Export 2006:

700 million Euros

Export share: Export share: 61%

Tellnes Ilmenite deposit (produced by Titania AS)(produced by Titania AS)

• Reserves: > 300 Mt• 28% ilmenite

+ Ni-sulfide and magnetite

Norway: 7-8 % of World production (Ti-content)

Stone material from NorwayStone material from Norway

400

500

600

K

25% of the Norwegian production is exported; Ca. 0.5 % of EUs need

Export valuesAggregate and Armourstone200

300

Mill

. NO

K

0

100

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

Databases for mineral resources on internet

www prospecting nowww.prospecting.no

www.ngu.nog

The ever growing need for energy

Use of fossil fuels continues to rise faster than that of any other source of energy

Energy use, 1990, 2003, and 2030

Source: IEA

Energy use, 1990, 2003, and 2030 (billions of metric tons of oil equivalent)

Large petroleum potential in the Arctic

25% of the undiscovered resources to be found in the Arctic

IODP Leg 302, ACEX 2004IODP Leg 302

Sovetskiy Soyuz

Oden

Vidar VikingVidar Viking

Exploration Challenges

Exploring the Exploring the Frontiers –

Uniting the Arctic

The geology of theB t SBarents Sea

Compilation of VSEGEI and NGU data: Grid 2 x 2 km

Multiple use of data:Hydrocarbon leakage marine habitats sites for installationsHydrocarbon leakage – marine habitats – sites for installations

Paleocene sandstone

Cretaceous shale

Hard and soft

seabed

Shared knowledge through common d i f t t and open infrastructures:

Renewable energy resourcese e ab e e e gy esou ces

Use of renewable sources of sources of energy is growing, but is still small

Source: World Bank data files /IEA

Geothermal Energygy

Uranium i bedrock Calculated heat production

Global water supply

• Worldwide 1.1 billion people lack access to cleandrinking water drinking water

• About one-third of the world’s population (2 billion people) depends on groundwaterO thi d f th l b l l ti li i t i ith• One-third of the global population live in countries withmoderate to high water stress

• 40% increase in global water use is expected by 2020• Cost per year of bringing poor people universal access

to water by 2015 will be $30 billion

Implementing the EU Water Framework DirectiveFramework Directive

National groundwater databasesgMonitoring of groundwater quality (LGN)Mapping of aquifers

Ground water geochemistryWaterwells design

Arsenic-affected st eam ate and stream water and

soil in Europe

Arsenic in water and soil often results from natural processes in mineralized areas

Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural Soils (GEMAS)(GEMAS)

EuroGeoSurveys cooperation y pproject:

34 European countries

5.6 mill. km2

1 site / 2500 km2

c. 2500 samples ”grasing land soils”

l

Sample materials:

c. 2500 samples ”agricultural soil”

Geochemistry

The International Polar Year project 317:The International Polar Year project 317:

Flux of sediment-associated chemical elements in rivers draining to the Arctic Ocean

Svalbard

Pechora

Severnaya Dvina

IPYIPY-The International Polar Year

2007-2008

• Arctic Natural Climate and Environmental Changes and Human Environmental Changes and Human Adaption: From Science to Public awareness

• Permafrost Observatory Project: A contribution to the thermal state of permafrost in Norway and Svalbard

• Flux of sediment-associated chemical elements in rivers draining to the Arctic Ocean”Ocean

Society safetyy y

• Clean water & safe food (medical geology) Clean water & safe food (medical geology)

• Safe storage of nuclear & industrial waste

• Prediction and prevention of geohazards• Prediction and prevention of geohazards

• Challenges related to climatic change

Increased research on GeohazardsIncreased research on Geohazards

• Risk and vulnerability analysis: landslides and earthquakes

• Stability of rock slopes and soil slopes

• Offshore geohazards

• Slide dynamics

• Tsunamies

• Graduate programmes in geohazards

The Åknes-Tafjord project

Eff t f l b l i d Effects of global warming and climatic change?

% increase in autumn frain from 1961-1990 to

2071-2100

International Research Plattforms

Focus on the North:Mineral resources

Geology of the Barents SeaIPY

IODPGlobally:IYPEIUGSIUGS

OneGeologyICDP

The European perspective:EuroGeoSurvey

EEIGEuropean Mineral Resources

Geothermal EnergyGEMAS

Geology for Society

• Be responsive to the needs of the society• Look for holistic approaches and combined

solutionssolutions• Keep both the geosphere and the biosphere

persepectivesH l k l d l f• Help to create a common knowledge platform

• Share knowledge and technology on an openacess basis