Post on 05-Jun-2020
A Generic Framework for Quality-based Autonomic Adaptation within Sensor-based
Systems
ICSOC ASOCA 2016, Banff (Canada)
Antoine Auger, Ernesto Exposito, Emmanuel Lochin
antoine.auger@isae.fr
Introduction
2
✓ A World of sensors
✓ Sensor-based systems (sensor middlewares and IoT platforms)
Introduction
2
✓ A World of sensors
✓ Sensor-based systems (sensor middlewares and IoT platforms)
➡ Observation quality is often delegated to applications
Introduction
2
✓ A World of sensors
✓ Sensor-based systems (sensor middlewares and IoT platforms)
➡ Observation quality is often delegated to applications
➡ How to provide relevant observations to applications that have various and evolutive needs?
Required background
3
What is sensor observations? (see also the "DIKW ladder", [Sheth2016])
Required background
3
What is sensor observations? (see also the "DIKW ladder", [Sheth2016])
Sensor Raw Data = Data coming from sensors
Required background
3
What is sensor observations? (see also the "DIKW ladder", [Sheth2016])
Sensor Raw Data
Sensor Information =
=
Sensor Raw Data + Context information
Data coming from sensors
Required background
3
What is sensor observations? (see also the "DIKW ladder", [Sheth2016])
Sensor Raw Data
Sensor Information
Sensor Knowledge =
=
=
Sensor Raw Data + Context information
+ SemanticsSensor Raw DataSensor Information
Data coming from sensors
Required background
3
What is sensor observations? (see also the "DIKW ladder", [Sheth2016])
Sensor Raw Data
Sensor Information
Sensor Knowledge =
=
=
Sensor Raw Data + Context information
+ SemanticsSensor Raw DataSensor Information
Data coming from sensors
Sensor observations}
Required background
4
How to characterize observation quality?
➡ Quality of Service (QoS) but…
Required background
4
How to characterize observation quality?
➡ Quality of Service (QoS) but…
Other approaches:
➡ Quality of Information (QoI) [Bisdikian2009] ➡ Context information [Dey2001]
…
Required background
5
The Autonomic Computing paradigm:
AutonomicManager
ManagedElement
ManagedElementtouchpoint
Sensors Effectors
ExecuteMonitor
PlanAnalyze
AutonomicElement
Knowledge
Taken from [Kephart2003]
Required background
6
Autonomic maturity levels (from [Jacob2004]):
(1) Basic
(2) Managed
(3) Predictive
(4) Adaptive
(5) Autonomic
➡ hard-coded behavior
➡ basic rules
➡ fusion, machine learning
➡ Service Level Agreements
➡ business rules
Framework proposal
7
Preliminary work: we studied 32 context-aware systems
• Observation characterization (network QoS, QoI, Context)
• Observation modelling(ontologies)
• Adaptation strategy (autonomic maturity level, adaptation mechanism)
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Sensor middleware orIoT platform
Topic: temperatureLocation: Banff
8
Application
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Sensor middleware orIoT platform
1) Request
Topic: temperatureLocation: Banff
8
Application
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Sensor middleware orIoT platform
2) Retrieval / binding
Topic: temperatureLocation: Banff
8
Application
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Sensor middleware orIoT platform
2) Retrieval / binding
Topic: temperatureLocation: Banff
8
Application
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Sensor middleware orIoT platform
3) Response
Topic: temperatureLocation: Banff
8
Application
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Sensor middleware orIoT platform
Topic: temperatureLocation: Banff
8
…
observationobservationobservation
…
Application
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Sensor middleware orIoT platform
Topic: temperatureLocation: Banff
9
Application
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Sensor middleware orIoT platform
Topic: temperatureLocation: Banff
9
But what if…
• application needs change
Application
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Sensor middleware orIoT platform
9
But what if…
• application needs change
Application
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Sensor middleware orIoT platform
9
But what if…
• application needs change
Application
• sensor fails
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Sensor middleware orIoT platform
9
But what if…
• application needs change
Application
• sensor fails
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Sensor middleware orIoT platform
9
But what if…
• application needs change
Application
…
observationobservationobservation
…
• sensor fails• poor observations
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Sensor middleware orIoT platform
9
But what if…
• application needs change
Applications are asked to adapt themselves and must handle failures!
Application
…
observationobservationobservation
…
• sensor fails• poor observations
Framework proposal
10
➡ How to provide relevant observations to applications that have various and evolutive needs?
Framework proposal
10
➡ How to provide relevant observations to applications that have various and evolutive needs?
Content and quality
Framework proposal
10
➡ How to provide relevant observations to applications that have various and evolutive needs?
Content and quality
Application-specific
Framework proposal
10
➡ How to provide relevant observations to applications that have various and evolutive needs?
Adaptation
Content and quality
Application-specific
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Application
11
API
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Application
11
Raw Data layer Collection and digitization of phenomena/events
Topic: temperatureLocation: BanffLevel: Raw Data
API
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Application
11
Raw Data layer Collection and digitization of phenomena/events
Topic: temperatureLocation: BanffLevel: Raw Data
API
{sensor_id: 34, value: 20}
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Application
11
Raw Data layer Collection and digitization of phenomena/events
Information layer Raw Data characterization
API
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Application
11
Raw Data layer Collection and digitization of phenomena/events
Information layer Raw Data characterization
API
Topic: temperatureLocation: Banff
Level: Information
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Application
11
Raw Data layer Collection and digitization of phenomena/events
Information layer Raw Data characterization
API
Topic: temperatureLocation: Banff
Level: Information
{sensor_id: 34, value: 20, unit: Celsius, location:
(43.564509, 1.468910),
accuracy: 0.8}
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Application
11
Raw Data layer Collection and digitization of phenomena/events
Information layer Raw Data characterization
API
Semantic layer Semantic annotation
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Application
11
Raw Data layer Collection and digitization of phenomena/events
Information layer Raw Data characterization
API
Topic: temperatureLocation: BanffLevel: Semantic
Semantic layer Semantic annotation
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Application
11
Raw Data layer Collection and digitization of phenomena/events
Information layer Raw Data characterization
API
Topic: temperatureLocation: BanffLevel: Semantic
{sensor_type: temperature,
value: comfort, location: room3, accuracy: good}
Semantic layer Semantic annotation
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Application
11
Raw Data layer Collection and digitization of phenomena/events
Information layer Raw Data characterization
API
Semantic layer Semantic annotation
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Application
11
Raw Data layer Collection and digitization of phenomena/events
Information layer Raw Data characterization
API
Semantic layer Semantic annotation
Auto. Manager
Auto. Manager
Auto. Manager
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Application
11
Raw Data layer Collection and digitization of phenomena/events
Information layer Raw Data characterization
API
Semantic layer Semantic annotation
Auto. Manager
Auto. Manager
Auto. Manager
Temperature sensor
Temperature sensor
Humidity sensor
Application
11
Raw Data layer Collection and digitization of phenomena/events
Information layer Raw Data characterization
API
Semantic layer Semantic annotation
Auto. Manager
Auto. Manager
Auto. Manager
Framework usage
12
Guidelines to design an autonomic quality-aware sensor-based system with our framework:
1- What will be asked by applications / users?
2- How my system will adapt its behavior?3- General use cases definition
4- What metrics for observation quality?
5- Specific use cases definition for each MAPE-K loop
Conclusions
13
Quality of Observations (QoO) is critical within information-centric systems
Conclusions
13
Quality of Observations (QoO) is critical within information-centric systems
Most of the time, delegated to applications
Conclusions
13
Quality of Observations (QoO) is critical within information-centric systems
Most of the time, delegated to applications
Generic framework to build quality-aware sensor-based systems: ✓ Autonomic adaptation based on QoO ✓ Applications can focus on their primary goal ✓ Framework generic and customizable
Perspectives
14
We are building an integration platform for Quality of Information Assessment as a Service (iQAS)
➡ Accepted paper at IEEE WF-IoT 2016 (December 2016)
A Generic Framework for Quality-based Autonomic Adaptation within Sensor-based
Systems
Antoine Augerantoine.auger@isae.fr
This research was supported in part by the French Ministry of Defense through a financial support of the Direction Générale de l'Armement (DGA).
Thank you for your attention
References
16
[Sheth2016] Sheth, A.: Internet of Things to Smart IoT Through Semantic, Cognitive, and Perceptual Computing. IEEE Intelligent Systems 31(2), 108–112 (Mar 2016)
[Bisdikian2009] Bisdikian, C., Branch, J., Leung, K., Young, R.: A letter soup for the quality of information in sensor networks. In: IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, 2009. PerCom 2009. pp. 1–6 (Mar 2009)
[Dey2001] Dey, A.K.: Understanding and using context. Personal and ubiquitous computing 5(1), 4–7 (2001)
[Kephart2003] J. O. Kephart and D. M. Chess, “The vision of autonomic computing,” Computer, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 41–50, 2003.
[Jacob2004] Jacob, B., Lanyon-Hogg, R., Nadgir, D.K., Yassin, A.F.: A practical guide to the IBM autonomic computing toolkit. IBM, International Technical Support Organization (2004)