Post on 06-May-2015
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Bhagavad Gita
T. K. G. NAMBOODHIRITHIRUVALLA, KERALA
INDIA
BHAGAVAD GITA – THE DIVINE SONG-An Introduction
Bhagavad Gita-Part of the Sanskrit Epic Mahabhaaratha.(200 BC to 200 AD)
700 verses in 18 chapters.
A conversation between Lord Krishna and his close friend Arjuna in the middle of the battlefield just before the start of the Kurukshetra battle.
Arjuna loses his heart and refuses to fight his teachers and relatives, and Krishna revives him by his wise words of wisdom.
TKG Namboodhiri
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Bhagavad GitaCHAPTER 17
SRADHDHAATHRAYAVIBHAAGA YOGATHE YOGA OF DIVISION OF THREEFOLD
FAITH
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Bhagavad GitaTHRIVIDHAA BHAVATHI SRADHAA DE’HINAM SA SWABHAAVAJA, SAATHWIKEE RAJASEE CHAIVA THAAMASEE CHE’THI THAAM SRINU. (17.2)
Three-fold is the faith of embodied beings according to their past impressions(resultants of acts, behaviour etc. of past lives); it may be Saathwic, Raajasic, or Thaamasic. Listen to the following classification.
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Bhagavad GitaSATWAANUROOPAA SARVASYA SRADHA BHAVATHI BHAARATHA, SRADHAAMAYO AYAM PURUSHO YO YACHRADHAH SA E’VA SAH. (17.3)
Arjuna, in the case of all people, faith conforms to their inner sense(mind with specialised impressions). Predominantly, man consists of his faith; he is what his faith makes of him.
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Bhagavad GitaYAJANTHE’ SAATHWIKAA DE’VAAN YAKSHARAKSHAAMSI RAAJASAAH, PRE’THAAN BHOOTHAGANAAMSCHAANYE’ YAJANTHE’ THAAMASAA JANAAH. (17.4)Those of Saathwic faith offer sacrifice to the gods; those of Raajasic faith to supernatural beings & monsters. The men of Thaamasic faith offer sacrifice to ancestral spirits & groups of ghosts.
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Bhagavad GitaASAASTHRAVIHITHAM GHORAM THAPYANTHE’ YE’ THAPO JANAAH, DAMBHAANKAARASAMYUKTHAAH KAAMARAAGABALAANWITHAAH. (17.5)
Some people with full of lust & greed and compelled by hypocrisy & ego, do terrific penance, unordained by scriptures.
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Bhagavad GitaKARSAYANTHAH SAREERASTHAM BHOOTHAGRAAMAMACHE’THASAH, MAAM CHAIVAANTHAHSAREERASTHAM THAAN VIDHYAASURANISCHAYAAN. (17.6)
Such people, senseless & foolish, enfeeble the organs of their bodies & persecute Me dwelling within their bodies. They are demonically resolved.
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Bhagavad GitaAAHAARASTHWAAPI SARVASYA THRIVIDHO BHAVATHI PRIYAH, YAJNASTHAPASTHATHAA DAANAM THE’SHAAM BHE’DAMIMAM SRINU. (17.7)
Similarly, there are three types of food, sacrifice, penance & charity, dear to people. Listen to their distribution.
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Bhagavad GitaAAYUSSATHWA BALAAROGYA SUKHAPREETHI VIVARDHANAH, RASYAH SNIGDHAH STHIRA HRIDYAA AAHAARAH SAATHWIKAPRIYAH. (17.8).
Foods promoting longevity, strength of mind, power, health, comfort & pleasure, which are delectable, oily, firm & appetising, appeal to Sathwic people.
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Bhagavad GitaKATWAMLA LAVANAATHYUSHNA THEEKSHNA ROOKSHA VIDAAHINAH, AAHAARAA RAJASASYESHTAA DUKHA SOKAAMAYAPRADAAH. (17.9)
People of Raajasic temperaments like foods which are excessively bitter, sour, salty, hot, pungent, harsh & burning, which cause pain, suffering & ill-health.
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Bhagavad GitaYAATHAYAAMAM GATHARASAM POOTHI PARYUSHITHAM CHA YATH, UCHCHISHTAMAPI CHAAME’DHYAM BHOJANAM THAAMASA PRIYAM. (17-10)
The food dear to Thaamasic people is ill-cooked, tasteless, smelling, decayed, impure, & left-over by others.
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Bhagavad GitaDE’VADWIJAGGURUPRAANJAPOOJANAM SAUCHAMAARJAVAM, BRAHMACHARYAMAHIMSAA CHA SAAREERAM THAPA UCHYATHE’. (17.14)
Reverence to the gods, brahmins, the preceptors, & wise scholars, cleanliness, guilelessness, continence, & non-violence- these constitute bodily penance.
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Bhagavad GitaANUDWE’GAKARAM VAAKYAM SATHYAM PRIYAHITHAM CHA YATH, SWAADHYAABHYASANAM CHAIVA VAANGMAYAM THAPA UCHYATHE’. (17.15)
Speaking that does not offend, is truthful, pleasing, & good, and habitual reading of scriptures constitute verbal penance.
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Bhagavad GitaMANAHPRASAADAH SAUMYATHWAM MAUNAM ATHMAVINIGRAHAH, BHAAVASAMSUDHIR ITHYE’THATHTHAPO MAANASAMUCHYATHE’. (17.16)
Mental calmness, gentleness, silence, self-control, extreme emotional purity- these constitute penance of the mind.
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Bhagavad GitaSRADHDHAYAA PARAYAA THAPTHAM THAPASTHATHRIVIDHAM NARAIH, APHALAAKAAMKSHIBHIRYUKTHAIH SAATHWIKAM PARICHAKSHATHE’. (7.17)
They say that this three-fold penance, practised with supreme faith, by integrated men free from desire for reward is Saathwic.
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Bhagavad GitaSATHKAARAMAANAPOOJAARTHAM THAPO DAMBHE’NA CHAIVA YATH, KREEYATHE’ THADIHA PROKTHAM RAAJASAM CHALAMADHRUVAM. (17.18)
Penance performed hypocritically to win respect, honour, and reverence is classed as Raajasic; it is fickle & uncertain.
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Bhagavad GitaMOODHDHAGRAAHE’NAATHMANO YATH PEEDAYAA KRIYATHE’ THAPAH, PARASYOSTHAADANAARTHAM VA THATHTHAAMASAMUDAAHRITHAM. (17.19)
Penance that is performed obstinately or that which tortures the self & aims at injuring others is Thaamasic in nature.
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Bhagavad GitaDAATHAVYAMITHI YADDAANAM DEEYATHE’ ANUPAKAARINE’, DE’SE’ KAALE’ CHA PAATHRE’ CHA THADDAANAM SAATHWIKAM SMRITHAM
A saathwic gift is one made at the right place & time with the thought ‘’It is good to make a gift”, to a deserving recipient, who cannot make a return for it.
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Bhagavad GitaYATH THU PRATHYUPAKAARAARTHAM PHALAMUDDISYA VA PUNAH, DEEYATHE’ CHA PARIKLISHTAM THADDAANAM RAAJASAM SMRITHAM. (17.21)
Gifts offered unwillingly, with expectation of a gift in return, or with an eye to some advantage, are said to be Raajasic.
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Bhagavad GitaADDE’SAKAALE’ YADDAANAMAPAATHRE’BHYASCHA DEEYATHE’, ASATHKRITHAMAVAJNAATHAM THATHTHAAMASAMUDAAHRITHAM. (17.22)
A Thaamasic gift is what is improperly & insultingly offered at the wrong place & time, to undeserving recipients.
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Bhagavad GitaASRADDHAYAA HUTHAM DATHTHAM THAPASTHAPTHAM KRITHAM CHA YATH, ASADITHYUCHYATHE’ PAARTHA NA CHA THATH PRE’THYA NO IHA. (17.28)
What is sacrificed, given as gift, performed as penance, or done, without faith is said to be Non-sath; it is effective neither here nor hereafter.
TKG Namboodhiri