Post on 19-Jan-2016
description
GEM - Broadening the Germplasm Base
M.H. Blanco1, C.A.C. Gardner1, W. Salhuana2, and N. Shen1
1 USDA-ARS and 2 Retired Pioneer Fellow and GEM TSG Chair
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GEM: Broadening the Germplasm Base
Mission and History of GEM
Structure of GEM
Objectives
Target Traits
Breeding Protocol
Germplasm Releases
GEM SCA & USDA Projects
Summary & Future Challenges
GEM Mission Statement
The objective of the GEM Project is to develop and
provide to the public adapted germplasm lines via
germplasm enhancement of useful exotic germplasm.
The adapted materials are incorporated into research
and breeding programs that will increase the diversity
of U.S. corn germplasm, improve its performance, and
provide new and better products to the American
consumer.
Countries Belonging to the Latin American Maize Project (LAMP) *
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Columbia
Chile
Guatemala
Mexico
Paraguay
Peru
United States
Uruguay
Venezuela
* LAMP began in 1987, funded by Pioneer Hi-Bred Int., Inc., and administrated by the USDA-ARS.
STRUCTURE OF GEM
CooperatorsPrivatePublicInternational
Technical Steering Group (TSG)Private membersPublic membersEx officio members
GEM CoordinatorGEM Locations
Ames, IARaleigh, NC (50% tropicals)
GEM Objectives
Manage an extensive multi-site cooperative breeding (and trial
network) and information sharing with public and private
cooperators.
Develop genetically enhanced populations and lines (early
generation S2 and S3 focus) from GEM breeding crosses.
Evaluate genotypes in the breeding program for yield,
agronomic traits, silage, biotic and abiotic stress (including
mycotoxins), and value-added traits.
Conduct research relevant to high priority maize germplasm
traits and performance.
Private GEM US Cooperators
AgReliant Genetics, LLCBASF Plant Science Breeding, L.L.CBeck's Superior Hybrids, Inc.*Benson Seed Research, LLCFFR CooperativeHoegemeyer EnterprisesIdentity Seed & Grain Co.Illinois Foundation Seeds, Inc.Monsanto Company*Mycogen Seeds*
National Starch and Chemical Co.Pannar Genetics, Inc .*Pioneer Hi-Bred Int., Inc.*Professional Seed Research, Inc.R.B.S. Corn Research, Inc.Schillinger SeedsSEEDirectSyngenta Seeds, Inc.*Wyffels Hybrids
There are 19 private companies working as GEM cooperators
* Entities with representatives currently serving on the GEM Technical Steering Group (TSG).
Public US Cooperators
Cornell University Iowa State University Louisiana State University Michael Fields Agricultural Institute1
North Carolina State University North Dakota State University Ohio State UniversityTexas A&M University* The University of Tennessee
Truman State University University of Delaware* University of Illinois University of Nebraska University of Wisconsin USDA-ARS (Ames, IA) USDA-ARS (Columbia, MO) USDA-ARS (Mississippi State, MS) USDA-ARS (Raleigh, NC)
There are 18 public institutes working as GEM cooperators
1 Non-Government Organization (NGO)* Entities with representatives currently serving on the TSG.
International Cooperators
AgriSource Co., Ltd., Thailand
Agrotuniche, Chile
EMBRAPA1, Brazil
Hyland Seeds, Canada
INTA2, Argentina
Maharlika Genetics, Mexico
Nidera, Argentina
Prosemillas, Peru
Sursem S.A., Argentina
The University of Guelph, Canada
There are 10 international institutes and/or companies working as GEM cooperators
1 Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa, Agropecuaria (EMBRAPA); Brazil2 Instituto Nacioanal de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA) Argentina
In-Kind Support
Company: _________________________ Season/Year: winter ________________
In-Kind SupportGermplasm Description
No. Rows
No. Selfs
No. Iso Rows
No. Entries
No. Locations
Make Breeding Crosses(cross to proprietary lines)(NS=non-stiff; SS=stiff stalk)
Make S1’s
Advance S1 to S2
Regenerations
Top Cross S2’s
Conduct Yield Trials
Breeding Cross Observations
Disease Screening
Lab Services (Describe).
Other (Describe)
Signature company___________________ date_______ Signature GEM Coordinator______________ date_______
Appendix Statement
It is understood that any seed or data generated as defined in this appendix is considered in-kind support and shall be returned to the GEM Coordinator. Such seed and/or data shall be shared with other GEM Cooperators, who shall have the right to freely use such seed and/or data.
GEM Trait Targets
Agronomic adaptability- yield, lodging, grain moisture, and Y/MAbiotic stress tolerance: drought, heat, and interacting biotic stressesEar mold and mycotoxin resistance (aflatoxin and fumonisin)Disease resistance (emphasis on stalk rots, and leaf blights that impact stalk rots)Insect resistance (emphasis on corn root worm and corn ear worm impacting quality and mycotoxins)Value-added traits (VAT’s)
Grain (protein>13%, oil>6%, and starch>75%)Silage yield & quality
GEM Survey Results:
Least Important
Moderately Important
Most Important
Yield 6% 4% 92%
Standability 4% 13% 83%
Disease Resistance 8% 37% 55%
Grain Quality Traits 18% 30% 54%
Diversity 8% 48% 44%
Drought/heat tolerance 15% 40% 39%
Insect Resistance 17% 46% 37%
Silage Quality 60% 28% 14%
GEM Survey, 2004. http://www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem/Presentations/GEM_Reports_04.ppt
GEM Survey Results:
Least Important
Moderately Important
Most Important
Overall grain quality/texture 5% 16% 80%
Extractable starch 27% 30% 44%
Protein 18% 41% 41%
Total starch 24% 40% 36%
Oil 20% 48% 32%
GEM Survey, 2004. http://www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem/Presentations/GEM_Reports_04.ppt
GEM Breeding Protocol Flowchart
Plant S1 ears to make S2. Select at 20% selection intensity
Yield trial topcross from above
Winter 1
Summer 1
Winter 4
Winter 2
Summer 2
Winter 6
Winter 3
Summer 5
Summer 3
Summer 4
Make S3 increase
Determine quality analyses, disease & insectresistance in GEM lab or by cooperators
Cross the S3’s to two testers
Make S2 topcross to elite tester inbred
Self 300 plants (S0)
Yield test 50 S2 topcrosses at 6 locations
(Accession x Private line 1) x Private line 2
Accession x Private line 1
Write release article for publication & all relevant data to NCRPIS
Phenotypic Selection
Selection forprolificacy, resistance,& adaptability
Phenotypic Selection
Selection against buggy whipping, and other undesirable traits
High in Allelic Diversity!
Expt. 02122 (6 Locations) with Tester LH200xLH198
Pedigree Yield Moist Y/MStalk
LodgeRoot
Lodge
BARBGP2:N08a18-332-1 176.2 20.0 9.1 9.4 3.1
Test Entry Means 145.2 21.9 6.8 7.1 4.8
Check Means 174.2 20.9 8.5 8.1 4.3
CV 13.2 6.1
LSD (p=0.05) 22.5 1.5
GEM Germplasm Releases (117 Lines Total)
Year# LinesReleased Institution Germplasm Attributes
2001 1 USDA-ARS, IA GEM 001 is resistant to 1st brood ECB
2002 28 USDA-ARS, IA 25% and 50% exotics; temperate adapted
2002 2 U. Delaware50% exotic; resistance to anthracnose stalk rot and gray leaf spot
2002 30 NC State U. 50% exotics; temperate adapted
2002 1 Ohio State U.GEMS-0002 is 50% exotic; good grain quality, earlier than B73
2003 16 USDA-ARS, IA 25% & 50% exotic; temperate adapted, VAT
2003 8 NC State U. 50% exotics; earlier flowering
2004 2 Texas A&M U. 25% exotic; stress tolerance, good GCA
2004 1 U. Wisconsin25% exotic; high yielding silage withsuperior nutritional quality
2004 9 USDA-ARS, IA 25% exotic; temperate adaptation, VAT
2004 19 NC State U. 50% exotics; earlier flowering
Released GEM Lines to the Public to Date
Pedigree Derivation Comments
GEMS-0001 PI 503806 x B94///B94 First gen. ECB resistant (non-DIMBOA)
GEMS-0002 FS8A(S):S09-43-2 Early SS; stress tolerant
DE 3 DKXL212:N11a-191 Good protein; GCA
DE 4 DKXL212:N11a-365 GLS resistant; GCA
Tx 204 AR01150:N0406 Stress tolerant; GCA
Tx 205 AR01150:N0406 Stress tolerant; GCA
W605S AR17026:N1019 Silage yield and quality
Quality Traits of 9 GEM Lines Released to GEM Cooperators in 2005
Pedigree Country (race) VAT
BARBGP:N08a18-332-1-B Barbados (Tusón)
CH05015:N1502-86-1-B Chile (Camelia) >14% protein
CHIS775:S1911b-120-1-B-B Mexico (Tuxpeño) High TpG
DK212T:N11a12-191-1-B Thailand (comm. DK)
DKB844:S1601-73-1-B-B Mexico (comm. DK)Low TpG, low PHI, and wide RnG
DREP150:N2011d-624-1-B Domin. Rep. (Mixed) >14% protein
UR11003:S0302-1011-1-B Uruguay (Dente Branco) Narrow RnG
DKB844:S1601-3-2 Mexico (comm. DK)>14% protein, Low TpG, low RnG, & high % R,
CH05015:N1204-57-1 Chile (Camelia)>14% protein & >4.5% oil
North Carolina GEM Releases-2005
Entry Pedigree Protein* Oil* Starch* Yield Chk. YieldH6141-11/96 CHS775N19F1S3 12.8 2.6 71.1 158.2 156.27384-02/96 CHS775N19F1S3 11.8 2.6 71.0 150.2 149.41507-001/98 DK212TN11F2S3 11.6 3.9 70.0 164.6 160.99353-01/97 DK888N11F2S3 11.8 2.5 71.8 149.9 146.09531-02/97 DKXL 380N11F2S3 13.3 3.2 70.1 148.7 143.79532-02/97 DKXL 380N11F2S4 14.5 3.8 67.8 146.5 143.72405-010/99 CHS775N19F1S3 11.0 2.6 72.0 153.9 155.01311-01/97 CHS775N19F1S3 11.8 2.7 70.7 148.1 149.41312-01/97 CHS775N19F1S3 12.5 3.4 70.1 149.2 149.41881-002/98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3 14.6 3.5 68.0 146.8 141.91883-001/98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3 13.3 4.0 68.9 147.6 141.91883-002/98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3 12.9 3.6 69.4 146.4 141.91886-003/98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3 13.9 3.3 68.8 145.7 141.91895-001/98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3 13.8 3.7 67.9 146.6 141.92423-017/99 DKXL 380N11F2S3 12.5 3.2 70.7 154.9 153.51881-006/98 DKXL 370AN11F2S3 15.1 2.7 68.5 143.7 141.92410-003/99 SCRGp3N14F2S3 12.7 2.7 69.6 145.8 146.21415-01/97 DK888S11F2S3 12.3 2.7 70.6 148.8 147.81415-06/97 DK888S11F2S3 11.7 3.0 70.5 149.8 147.8
Major Goodman, NCSU, NC, 2005
GEM Field DaySept. 22, 2005, Ames, IA
GEM SCA and USDA-ARS Research Projects – 2005
P.I. Institute Target Traits
Bohn U. of IL CRW, ECB, Fumonisin resist, yield
Holland USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC Fumonisin resist
Clements USDA-ARS, MS Aflatoxin resist, yield
Xu Texas A&M Abiotic stress, CEW, grain mold, aflatoxin, yield
Smith Cornell Anthracnose stalk rot, yield
Balint-Kurti USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC Southern leaf blight
Hawk UDEL GLS, breeding methods, yield
Goodman NC State 50% tropicals, GLS, rust, yield
Campbell Truman State Amylomaize VII, yield
Jane IA State Resist starch & digestible starch evaluation
Pollak, Duvick,Edwards, Blanco
USDA-ARSAmes, IA
Starch thermal properties (stability)
Scott, Blanco USDA-ARS, Ames, IA Protein quality – Amino acids
Coors U. of WI Silage yield & quality, breeding methods, yield
Evaluation under Stress
WW (bu/a) LI (bu/a) %
Entry ET HF LB LB HF Mean CKs
(AR01150:N0406)F8A1 x B110 267 224 175 92 144 181 110
(AR01150:N0406)F8A2 x B110 260 252 193 88 142 187 114
(AR03056:N0902)F8-1 x B110 256 198 171 109 101 167 102
(FS8A(T):N1801)F7-2 x B110 259 229 208 73 159 186 113
(FS8B(T):N11a)F7-2 x B110 188 231 176 102 142 168 102
P34K77 226 173 155 120 130 161 98
Garst 8348 258 159 182 110 115 165 100
P3223 258 207 174 117 117 175 107
Garst8285 216 195 151 114 101 155 95
W. Xu, Texas A&M, TX, 2003
Percent Aspergillus Ear Rot and Aflatoxin Level of GEM Lines
M. Clements, USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS, 2004.
Pedigree2003
aflatoxinNg/g
2004aflatoxin
Ng/g
2 year mean ear
rot (%)
Mp313E 9 13 8
Tuxpan 20 442 5
2283-01_XL380_S11_F2S4 24 217 5
2250-01_XL370A_S11_F2S4 24 163 5
2250-02_XL370A_S11_F2S4 25 392 5
2258-03_XL380_S11_F2S4 48 239 5
Grand mean (96 inbreds) 546 1309 23
LSR/ LSD α=0.05 6 2 13
Coefficient of Variation 18 8 44
Corn Rootworm
Bill Dolezal, Pioneer Hi-Bred Int, IA, 2005
GEM Breeding Crosses with Resistance to the Corn Rootworm in 2003
1 Families showing significantly lower root damage rating than the resistant check, NGSDCRW1(S2)C4-15-2S2(S1).
M. Bohn (U of IL) and B. Hibbard (USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO), 2003.
Pedigree Race# families selected1 Location
AR17056:N2025 Cristalino Colorado 2 IL
BR52051:N04 Dente Amarelo 7 MO
CHIS775:N1912 Tuxpeño 14 MO
CUBA117:S1520 Argentino 2 IL
DK212T:S11 Comm. Hybrid 10 MO
UR13085:N0215 Cateto Sulino 4 MO
Silage Yield & Quality of W605S Grown in Wisconsin in 2004
HybridYield (t/ac)
Milk/ac (lbs)
CP (%)
NDF (%)
IVD (%)
NDFD (%)
Starch (%)
W605S 10.8 38300 7.3 48 82 62 30
Mean (42 hybrids) 9.9 34300 7.4 48 81 60 31
LSD (0.10) 0.8 3600 0.4 3 1 1 3
W605S = AR17026:N1019-65008-2-3-2-1-1 X LH244CP = Crude proteinNDF = Neutral detergent fiberIVD = in vitro digestibility NDFD = Neutral detergent fiber digestibility
Jim Coors, U of Wis., 2004.
Protein Quality Index
0 1 2 3 4
B45 o2B101
DKXL212:N11a-139XL380_S11_F2S4_71/97
DK370A_S11_F2S4_3358XL380_S11_F2S4_9226SE32_S17_F2S4_9148
DK212T_S11_F2S4_9151CUBA164:S2012-459CUBA164:S2012-235CUBA164:S2012-313
XL370A_S11_F2S4_9220CUBA164:S2012-966
FS8B(S):S0316-814B73
CUBA164:S1511b-325CUBA164:S2012-488GUAT209:N1925-081
B73 x Mo17CUBA164:S2012-606CUBA164:S1517-163
DKXL370:N11a20-322FS8B(T):N1802-382
Mo17CUBA164:S2012-444UR10001:S1813-257
DKB844:N11b-118UR13085:N0215-014
DK888_S11_F2S4_9190DK212T_S11_F2S4_9169 I
I HI H GI H GI H G FI H G FI H G FI H G F EI H G F EI H G F EI H G F E H G F E H G F E H G F E H G F E H G F E H G F E D G F E D G F E D G F E D G F E D G F E D C G F E D C F E D C E D C B D C B C B B A B A A
Significance LevelPedigree
•DKXL212:N11a-139is not significantly different from the high checks (B45 o2, B101).
•The top three GEM entries are significantly higher thanall “normal” checks (B73, Mo17).
Paul Scott, USDA-ARS, Ames, 2005
Protein Quality Index (Met + Lys + Trp) – 3 Year Means
Summary/Benefits of GEM
Germplasm contribution of LAMP and private companies
Cooperative wide scale evaluation and development efforts
Unique germplasm and traits being identified
Technology transfer-germplasm and information
GEM serves a large number of stakeholders from different sectors and countries
Future Challenges and Direction
Identify and utilize useful allelic diversity by tapping into more races
How should GEM’s resources be allocated-sampling new races vs. focusing on existing races
What breeding methodology research will be needed to effectively utilize allelic diversity?
Future Challenges and Direction – Cont’d
Explore and implement new genomic and genetic technologies through effective partnering
Address targeted questions or hypotheses related to gene function, mol breeding, etc.
GEM’s role: provide germplasm for well constructed studies
How does GEM best serve stakeholders to maximize benefits, and broaden the germplasm base?
Acknowledgements
USDA-ARS, Ames, IASue Duvick, Quality traits lab managerAndy Smelser, Agriculture research technician
USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NCJoe Hudyncia, Southeastern GEM coordinator
North Carolina State UniversityMajor Goodman, William Neal Reynolds and Distinguished University Professor
GEM cooperatorsGEM Technical Steering Group (TSG)
GEM ProjectUSDA-ARS
Thank you!
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