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GrammarandBeyondWorkbook3 AnswerKey
Unit 1 Simple Present
and Present Progressive
FirstImpressions
Simple Present vs. Present Progressive
1 page 2
2. teats 3. explains 4. desn’t/desntlse 5. iskeeping 6. alwaystellsor’s/isalwaystelling 7. see 8. alwaysmakes 9. espect10. wakeup
11. ’m/amteaching 12. alwaysty 13. ’m/amcnstantlylkingorcnstantlylk
2 page 3
2. ’snt/isn’t/isntteaching 3. ’s/isding 4. ’s/isinvestigating 5. aepaticipating;aen’t/aentwking 6. typicallymeets 7. tentalk 8. usuallyasks 9. ’s/isasking;geneallysay
10. ’s/isalsteachingoralsteaches
3 page 3
2. ’mwalking 3. ’mstudying 4. D;want5. Is;playing
6. ’snt/isn’tplaying 7. ’eshwing 8. want9. stats/’sstating
Stative Verbs
1 page 4
2. I’mhaving 3. dn’tseem
4. Ilk 5. Aeyuthinking 6. dn’thave7. I’mbeing
8. dyuhea 9. iteels
10. Ieallywant11. Ineed12. Idn’tthink
2 page 5
2. ’s/isbeing 3. have4. ’s/ishaving 5. sees
6. ’s/isseeing 7. isthinking 8. thinks
Special Meanings
and Uses of Simple Present
1 pages 5–6
2. say 3. ae4. sees5. ecgnizes6. heas7. eels
8. seem 9. dn’t/dnt;like10. think 11. dn’t/dnthave12. make
2 pages 6–7
2. believe/say 3. says/teaches4. dn’t/dntpay 5. use6. has/teaches
7. give 8. teaches 9. lives10. tavel
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 page 7
2. b3. c4. b5. b
6. a7. a8. b
2 page 8
Fsalespeple,physicalappeaanceisimptant,but
theeaethethingsthatalsgintmakingagdfst
impessin.Fexample,Ialwaysamaivingatmeetings
ntime.Iamknwingmyclientsaebusypeple,andI
undestandthattheitimeisimptant.Als,Ialwayscall
thembyname.Ievenkeepnamesandinmatinabut
clientsinaspecialflenline.Inact,Iaddinmatint
thatflethisweek.
Inthepast,Ididn’tpaymuchattentintbdy
language.Hweve,Iamleantbemecnscius
thewaysImveandhwtusemyhandseectively.At
eveymeetingIammakingeyecntact–especiallywhen
IfstgeetaclientandagainwhenIleave.Ipacticemy
geetingsinntthemieveyday.Itytemembe
tsmile.Ocuse,Ialswanttlkgd.Ihavenice
shes,andIkeepthemcleanandplished.Iamthinking
mynewhaicutmakesmelkgd,t.
arrive
know
’m/am adding
learning
make
think
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Mysalesnumbesusedtbeabitlw,buttheygup
nw.Iamtytdbette.IamknwingthatIcanbe
“NumbeOne”insalesnextyea.
Self-Assessment pages 8–9
1. b2. a3. a
4. c5. c6. b
7. a8. b9. a
10. a11. a12. a
13. b14. a15. c
Unit 2 Simple Past
and Past Progressive; Used To, Would
GlobalMarketing
Simple Past vs. Past Progressive
1 page 10
2. washiding/hid
3. let4. saw 5. dpped6. wanted7. went
8. wasplanning/planned
9. wastaking/tk 10. said11. eed12. weeselling
2 page 11
2. did 3. ealized 4. placed 5. made;placed 6. used 7. began;weestillgetting
8. paked 9. weealeadycunting;weeputting 10. undestd
3 page 11
Answers will vary.
Time Clauses with Simple Past
and Past Progressive
1 page 12
2. BeetheyhiedaBazilianmaketingexpettimpvetheiimagethee,businesswasteible.
3. Oncetheexpetbegantalkingwiththeimaketingdepatment,businessbegantimpve.
4. Eveyneelaxedalittlewhensalesinceased. 5. Themaketingexpetcntinuedtwkwiththe
cmpanyuntiltheyleanedhwtadapttheiadvetisingtthelcalcultue.
2 page 12
2. while 3. ate 4. Assnas/Once/Ate
5. until 6. Assnas/Once/Ate
3 page 13
2. I3. I4. I5. S
6. S7. I8. S9. I
4 page 13 2. head;called 3. weeexplaining;weethinking 4. was;saw 5. fnished;needed 6. appved;gave
Used To and Would
1 page 14
2. a3. b
4. e5. c
2 page 14 2. usedtsuppt/wuldsuppt/suppted 3. usedtpay/wuldpay/paid 4. usedtwea/wuldwea/we 5. didn’tusetlike/didn’tlike 6. usedtty/tied 7. eused 8. tld 9. wuldwea/we10. usedtd/wuldd/did
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 page 15
2. c3. a4. b5. b
6. b7. c8. a
2 page 16
ABCCeativeStwaeusedtdesignstwae
theU.S.maketnly.eyweedingveywellandthei
businessinceasingeveyyea.eywuldtalkingm
timettimeabut“gingglbal.”Twyeasag,the
pesidentthecmpanyfnallydecidesitwastimet“g
glbal.”Duingthefstyea,theyacemanypblemsand
glbalsalesaentgd.Becausetheyusedtmaketing
theipductsttheUnitedStatesnly,theyhieda
cnsultantwhhelpedthemdesignbettemaketing
stategies.Eveyweekasthecmpanydevelping,he
wuldewkshpsinwhichhetaughtapppiate
know
was
^
talk
decided
aced
were market
was
^
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maketingstategiesdieentcultues.Snsales
weeisingandthebusinessdingveywell.Snate
that,ABCCeativeStwaepenedtheifstcein
India.Whenwecalledthemecently,theycelebatedthis
peningwithabigpaty.
Self-Assessment pages 16–17
1. a2. c3. c
4. b5. a6. b
7. b8. a9. b
10. c11. b12. b
13. c14. a15. a
Unit 3 Present Perfect
and Present Perfect Progressive
Success
Present Perfect
1 page 18
2. C3. C4. U
5. R6. C
2 pages 18–19
2. Hehaslived15yeasinCupetin,Calinia.orHehaslivedinCupetin,Calinia,15yeas.
3. Hehasuncitycuncilutimesinthelastseveal yeas.orInthelastsevealyeas,hehaduncitycuncilutimes.
4. Sa,hehasn’t/hasntwnanyelectininhistwn.
orHehasn’t/hasntwnanyelectininhistwnsa.
5. Hehasjustdecidedtuntheschlbad.6. Henystillhasn’t/hasntgivenupnhisdeam.or
Henyhasstillntgivenupnhisdeam.7. Hehasnevebecmediscuaged.
3 page 19
2. 3. 4.
5. since6. since
Present Perfect vs. Simple Past
1 page 19
2. fnished3. haven’thead4. mved5. gt
6. have;stated7. haven’tkept8. ’sbeen/was
2 page 20
2. escaped3. haveseen4. have;stpped5. haven’t/haventhad6. eceived
7. said 8. has;bught 9. gave10. aested
Present Perfect vs.
Present Perfect Progressive
1 pages 20–21
Possible answers: 2. HwlnghasOpahWineybeenwkinginTV?;She
hasbeenwkinginTVsincethe1970s. 3. HwlnghaveVenusandSeenaWilliamsbeen
playingtennis?;eyhavebeenplayingitmethan20yeas.
4. HwlnghasNeildeGasseTysnbeenhstingtheTVshw NOVA scienceNow ?;Hehasbeenhstingitsince2006.
5. HwlnghasLangLangbeenplayingthepian?;He
hasbeenplayingitsincehewastheeyeasld.
2 page 21
2. hasn’tdecided 3. havebeenvisiting 4. haveseen 5. hasspent/hasbeenspending 6. haswitten 7. hasasked/hasbeenasking 8. haveallmade/havebeenmaking 9. havewked/havebeenwking 10. havegaduated11. havehad/havebeenhaving
3 page 22
2. hasaleadyinvented 3. hasn’t/hasntcmeorhasn’t/hasntbeencming 4. hashad 5. hasbeenunning 6. hasbeen 7. hasbeenthinking
4 pages 22–23
2. havebeen 3. havebeenlivingorhavelived 4. ’ve/havelved 5. ’ve/havedneor’ve/havebeending
6. ’ve/have;takenor’ve/have;beentaking 7. haslivedorhasbeenliving 8. ’vecmeor’vebeencming 9. haslived10. hashad
was
^
were celebrating
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Avoid Common Mistakes
1 page 23
2. a3. c4. a5. a
6. b7. a8. a
2 page 24
TmWilsnetiedlastyeaatealng,successul
caeeinbusiness.Sinceheetied,hehasemdeledthe
kitchenandhasbeenpaintingthewhlehuse.Nwthat
itisfnished,itlksnewagain!Tmandhiswie,Babaa,
hasalstakenaewgllessnsandhaveglfngncea
weekatthelcalglcuse.Tmhasaltextatime
andenegyandhavebeguntdsmetheckingand
cleaning.Babaahashadhewnwaysdingthings
yeas,andshehastyingtfndanicewayttellTmthat
heneedstfndsmethingelsetkeephimbusy.
Ftunately,thethedayTmanintantheetied
businessmanmhiscmpanywhtldhimthatheis
dingvlunteewksincelastyeaattheLcalBusiness
Assciatin(LBA).Hesaidhehasbeenveyhappyand
busyevesincehestated.HetldTmthatthelastew
mnthsheishelpingaVietnamesecuplewiththeinew
business.TmhasaleadybeencallingtheLBAtwicetdaytvluntee,t.Hehasbeenhavingtleaveamessage
bthtimes,butwhentheycallhimback,he’llsetupaday
tbegin.Nwhisetiementwillbeaealsuccess!
Self-Assessment pages 24–25
1. a2. b3. a
4. c5. a6. c
7. a8. b9. a
10. a11. b12. b
13. c14. c15. c
Unit 4 Past Perfect
and Past Perfect Progressive
Naturevs.Nurture
Past Perfect
1 pages 26–27
2. hadn’tgtten3. hadjustgiven4. hadbeenbn5. hadbecme6. ’dmade
7. hadgwnup 8. hadbecme 9. hadcmmitted10. hadswitched11. ’dneveleaned
2 page 27
2. emthehadaguedtkeepthetwinstgethe3. theyhadalwaysdneeveythingtgethe4. thetwinshadn’t/hadntmadeanyiendsinclass5. thetwinshadbeensickudays6. theyhadalwaysgttenalngwell7. thetwins’teacheshadgnetthepincipalwith
theicncens8. theteacheshadputtheminthesameclass
Past Perfect with Time Clauses
1 page 28
2. Ate3. bee/bythetime4. When/Assnas5. Until/Bee
6. Ate/When7. Bythetime/When8. until/bee
2 pages 28–29
2. Beeschlstated,theyhadplayedwithChippy
allsumme.3. Atetheipaentshaddnesmeeseachnimaginayiends,theydecidedttalkta
psychlgist.4. Beetheipaentsmadeanappintmentwiththe
psychlgist,theyhadeadaltabutthetpic.5. Whentheytalkedtthepsychlgist,hehadaleady
spent30minuteswiththetwins.7. Bythetimetheyletthepsychlgist’sce,thei
paentshadleanedthatthetwinsweenmal.
Past Perfect Progressive
1 page 292. hadbeentalking 3. hadbeenwking 4. hadbeenunning 5. hadbeenplaying
6. hadbeenpaying 7. hadn’tbeenpaying 8. hadbeenchewing
2 page 30
2. hadhad3. hadbeenpaying/hadpaid4. hadwn5. hadbeenwking/hadwked
painted
have been
^
has
been^
has been
has been
called
had
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6. hadbeenhsting 7. hadbeending 8. hadbeenshaing 9. hadbeenplanning/hadplanned10. hadbeeninteviewing/hadinteviewed11. hadappeaed
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 pages 30–31
2. b3. a4. b5. a
6. c7. b8. c
2 page 31
WhenMay’sdaughtewas10yeasld,Maytld
heastyabutwhenshehasbeenayunggilhesel.
Shesaidthatuntilshewasabut10yeasld,shehas
alwaysbelievedthatshehadatwinsistesmewhee.Hepaentshadlaughedandhadsaidthatthatwas
becausesheeadtmanystiesabuttwins.Maytld
hedaughtethatneday,shehasdiscveedabx
phtsnthetpshelinacupbad.Shesaiditlkedas
iithasbeentheealngtime.ebxcntainedanld
phttwlittlegilswhappeaedtbeabuttwyeas
ld.Maysaidsheimmediatelythughtthatthephtwas
apictueheandhemissing“twinsiste.”Shetkitt
hemthe,whbegantcy.ShetldMaythatsmene
hadbeentakingthephtheselandhetwinsiste
40yeasbee,butthenashttimelate,hesistehad
beendyinginanaccident.AllalngMayhasthughtthee
wasa“missingtwin,”butnwsheknewithadbeenbeing
hemthe’stwin,nthes.
Self-Assessment pages 32–33
1. b2. a3. c
4. b5. a6. a
7. c8. a9. c
10. a11. b12. a
13. a14. c15. c
Unit 5 Be Going To, Present Progressive,
and Future Progressive
LookingAheadatTechnology
Be Going To, Present Progressive,
and Simple Present for Future
1 pages 34–35
2. We’ehlding 3. I’mgingthave4. We’ehaving 5. isying
6. ey’eallstaying 7. I’mpbablygingtcme8. I’mgingtmakesue9. issettingup
2 page 35
2. ’m/amtakingor’m/amgingttakeortake 3. ’m/amteachingor’m/amgingtteachorteach 4. pens 5. isgivingorisgingtgive 6. isspeakingorisgingtspeak 7. is
8. stats 9. isattendingorisgingtattend10. isgingtgorisging 11. iesorisying
3 page 35
Answers will vary.
Will and Be Going To
1 page 36
2. willget3. isgingtbe
4. willinvent
5. wn’t/willnthappen6. wn’t/willntfllut
2 page 37
2. ’mgingtwatch/’llwatch 3. ’llcheck 4. ’lllet 5. Will;tundwn 6. ’lld
3 page 37
Answers will vary.
Future Progressive
1 page 38
Possible answers: 2. isgingtbepickingorwillbepicking 3. ’s/isgingtbespendingor’ll/willbespending 4. isgingtbemeetingorwillbemeeting 5. ’s/isgingtbestayingor’ll/willbestaying 6. ’s/isgingtbegivingor’ll/willbegiving 7. ’s/isgingtbeecveingor’ll/willbeecveing 8. isgingtbetakingorwillbetaking
had
had
had read / had been reading
had
had
taken
died had
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2 pages 38–39
2. isgingtbetaveling 3. ’s/isgingtbetalking 4. Ae;gingtbetaveling 5. ’m/amgingtbewking 6. will;beding 7. willbetaveling 8. ’ll/willbetalking 9. Will;betaveling 10. ’ll/willbewking
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 page 39
2. c3. b4. a5. b
6. c7. c8. a
2 page 40
eApilissuethemagazine Future Trends says
thatintheyea2030,peplewillweadispsableclthing
eveyday.Ithispedictiniscect,itgingthaveabig
impactnuclthingbusiness.Wegingtneedtbegin
eseachinganddevelpingideasceatingclthingthat
peplecanweanceandthenthwaway.
Discussinthistpicstatstmwatuweekly
ideameetinginCneenceRmA.I’lltavelnextweek
inSuthCalinatseeuacties,andIamgingtbe
discussingthesametpicwithplantmanageswhileIam
thee.
eegingtbeacneencecalled“eFutue
Fashin”inOctbethisyea.Iwillattendthat
cneence,andIhpettakeatleastnedesignewith
me.Igingtaskallyutvteatthebeginning
Septembethedesigneyuthinkdesevestg.
Self-Assessment pages 40–41
1. b2. b3. b
4. b5. b6. c
7. c8. c9. a
10. a11. c12. c
13. c14. b15. b
Unit 6 Future Time Clauses, Future
Perfect, and Future Perfect Progressive
BusinessPracticesoftheFuture
Future Time Clauses
1 page 42
2. Oncethewebsiteiseady,shewillpstpictueshe pducts.
3. Shewillntmakemehatsuntilhecustmesplace/haveplacedaltdes.
4. Assnassheeceives/haseceivedalagedehats,shewillbuy/isgingtbuymemateials.
5. Shewillmail/isgingtmailhatstcustmesateshefnishes/hasfnishedthehats.
6. Shewillnthie/isntgingthieemplyeesandanaccuntantuntilhebusinessmakes/hasmadea
pft.7. Beethehlidayseasnaives,shewilljin/isging
tjinannlinenetwkingsiteentepeneus.
2 page 43
2. ’ve/haveinstalled;aegingtbe3. aegingtsend;hasstated4. aegingtwash;havefnished5. aen’t/aentgingthappen;hasbegun
3 page 43
2. aegingttake;emdel3. willaleadybeplanning;cmes4. willbemeeting;aives5. isgingtbe;isstating 6. willbeinteviewing;isplanning
4 page 43
Answers will vary.
Future Perfect vs.
Future Perfect Progressive
1 page 44
2. willhavebecme3. willhavedeceased4. willhavestated
5. willhavebecme6. willhavehied7. willhavetaken
2 page 44
2. ByMach,thediectwillhavebeenwkingatthecmpany25yeas.3. ByAugust,thesalesepswillhavebeentelecmmuting
5yeas.4. ByOctbe,theemplyeeswillhavebeenusingstwae
tsetupmeetings3yeas.
be wearing
’s/is
^ ’re/are
^
’m traveling / ’ll be traveling
is
^ ’m/am attending
’m/am
^
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3 page 45
2. willhavebeendesigning 3. willhavebeenceating 4. willhavebaked5. willhavemved6. willhavestudied/willhavebeenstudying
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 pages 45–46
2. a3. b4. b5. a
6. b7. b8. a
2 page 46
AnaRaywillstatanewchild-caecenteate
shewillgetachild-caelicense.Onceshewillgetthe
license,shewillemdelhehme.Bynextall,shehave
tunedthefstintachild-caecente.Bythen,heamilymvedtthesecnd.Bythetimethecente
willhavepened,Anawillhavebeenwkedwithchilden
10yeas.Shewillbewkingbyheselwhenshe
fstwillpenhebusiness,butshemayexpand.Bythis
timenextyea,shehasdecidedwhetheanexpansinis
pssible.Shehavemademanycntactsbythen,sshewill
beabletfndmanycustmes.
Self-Assessment pages 46–47
1. b2. a3. a
4. a5. b6. a
7. c8. c9. c
10. b11. c12. c
13. b14. b15. a
Unit 7 Social Modals
LearningHowtoRemember
Modals and Modal-like Expressions
of Advice and Regret
1 pages 48–49
2. shuld3. ’dbettent4. mightnt
5. shuldnt6. ’dbette7. shuldnt
2 page 49
Possible answers: 2. might/culd3. might/culd4. shuld/ughtt/hadbette
5. shuld/ughtt6. hadbettent/shuldn’t7. shuld/ughtt
3 page 50
Answers will vary.
Modals and Modal-like Expressions
of Permission, Necessity, and Obligation
1 pages 50–51
2. must3. hast4. dn’thavet5. aeequiedt6. weesuppsedt7. weentsuppsedt8. willhavet9. aeequiedt
2 A page 51
2. Yucan/maytalkttheteache.3. Yucan/mayasktheteachehelpwithdiectins.4. Yucan’t/mayntuseyuntes.5. Yucan/mayuseadictinay.6. Yucan’t/maynthaveyutextbkspen.
B page 52
2. Culdyuuse3. weeallwedtask 4. ween’t/weentallwedtbing 5. culdn’t/culdntpen6. ween’t/weentallwedttalk
Modals and Modal-like Expressionsof Ability
1 page 53
Phtgaphicmemyccuswhenapesn
isableemembealageamuntinmatinaccuately.
Expetsdisageenwhethentapesncanthave
aphtgaphicmemy.Smeexpetssayitisextemely
ae.eysaythatsmechildenaeabletemembeing
altinmatin.Hweve,asadults,theyntabletd
this.Otheexpetssaythatphtgaphicmemydes
ntexist.
Manypeplethinkthataphtgaphicmemywuld
bewndeul.Smeeseachessaythisisnttue.When
peplehavephtgaphicmemy,theyaeableste
ageatdealinmatin,likeacmputedatabase.
Hweve,theymightemembealtinmatinthat
gets gets
will
^
will have
^ opens working
open
will have
will
^
is able to remember
can have
are able to remember
aren’t/are not able to do
are able to store
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isntnecessayeveydaylie.Reseachessaythat
memyisnlyimptantwhenpeplecanuseditin
theieveydaylives.Ipepleemembeeveythingthey
see,ead,andhea,theywillbentabletganizethe
inmatininauseulwayandecallitquicklywhen
theyneedit.Als,smetimespeplewithphtgaphic
memycangetntthingstheydn’twantt
emembe.
Smeexpetssaythatphtgaphicmemyisnt
smethingpepleaebnwith.eybelievethatpeple
whcantemembelageamuntsinmatinhave
twkhadsthattheycantdthis.
2 page 54
2. Hweve,theyaeabletmemizehispiecesby pacticingalt.
3. Hiseditculdn’t/culdntundestandhwSheeshevskywasabletemembeeveythinghehead.
4. ejunalistwasabletemembealnglistnumbes.
5. Hweve,mststudentsaen’t/aentabletemembeinmatinwithutstudying.
3 page 54
2. culdhaveleaned3. culdhavegtten4. culdn’thavegiven5. culdn’thaveead
6. culdn’thavepassed
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 page 55
2. a3. c4. b5. b
6. c7. b8. a
2 page 56
AnnePaksuppsedtceateanexpeimentttestthe
memiescats.Shedevelpedthellwingtest.Sheput
ablckbetweenacatandateat.ecatallwedtgetthe
teat,buttheblckwasintheway.efsttimethecat
tiedtgettheteat,ittippedvetheblck.esecnd
time,itemembeedtheblckwastheeandsteppedve
it.Annethenplayedwiththecatinanthemandthen
epeatedtheexpeiment.Eachtimesheplayedwiththe
catalittlebitlnge.ecatemembeedtheblckwas
theeupt10minutes.Ate10minutesplay,thecat
tippedvetheblck.Annewassupised.Shethught
thecatshuldemembeedtheblck.
Annecncludedthatcatshavememiesabut
10minutes.Shemustnthavetunedinheesultsight
away,sshedecidedttesthetheywithmecats.
Shebwed10catsmashelteandepeatedthe
expeiment.Sheallwedtkeepthecatssevealdays.
eesultsweethesame.Anne’sbssthughttheesults
weesuccessul,butshehadsmeciticisms.Shethught
thatAnneshuldtestedevenmecatsheexpeiment.
ShealsthughtAnne’sntesshuldincludedme
details.
Annesuppsedtetunthecatsttheshelte.She
mustnthaveundhmesthecats,butshewantedt.
Self-Assessment pages 56–57
1. a2. b3. a
4. a5. c6. b
7. b8. a9. c
10. c11. a12. a
13. c14. b15. c
Unit 8 Modals of Probability:
Present, Future, and Past
ComputersandCrime
Modals of Present Probability
1 page 58
2. maynt3. mightnt4. shuld
5. culdn’t6. hast7. might
2 page 59
2. might/culd/may 3. culdn’t/can’t
4. must/hast5. can’t/culdn’t
6. may/might/culd7. shuld/ughtt
8. must/hast9. havet/must
Modals of Future Probability
1 A page 60
Possible answers: 2. willpay 3. wn’t/willntspend4. wn’t/willntfnish
can use
won’t/will not be able to organize
can’t/cannot orget
can remember
can do
was
^
was
^
have
^
did not have to turn in
was
^
have
^ have
^
was
^ did not have to fnd
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5. shuldgetormightgetorwillget 6. willtake 7. mightntbe 8. mightknworshuldknw 9. willbeorshuldbe10. wn’t/willnttake11. shuldfnish
B page 61
Possible answers: 2. Niclewillbetakingclassesinthesumme. 3. Niclemay/might/culdbetakingaclassintheall. 4. Nicleshuld/ughtt/may/might/culdbe
gaduatinginJanuay. 5. Niclemay/might/culdbegettingapmtin
inJanuay. 6. Niclewn’tbelkinganewjbinJanuay.
2 page 61
Answers will vary.
Modals of Past Probability
1 page 62
2. b3. a4. b
5. a6. b
2 pages 62–63
Possible answers: 2. Silviamust/culd/mighthavebeenablackhathacke.
Shemust/culd/mighthavestlensmene’sceditcad.
3. Debbiemust/culd/mighthavebeenawhitehathacke.Shemust/culd/mighthavebkeninta
cmputesystemlegally.Shemust/culd/mighthavetestedthecmpany’ssecuitysystem. 4. Claiemust/culd/mighthavebeenahbbyhacke.
Shemust/culd/mighthavehackedintthepgamun.Shemust/culd/mighthavehadenughmneytpaythepgams.
5. Calmust/culd/mighthavebeenapheake.Hemust/culd/mighthavehackedintthephnecmpany’scmputesystem.
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 pages 63–64
2. b3. b4. a5. c
6. a7. c8. c
2 page 64
Possible answers:
Einmightgettingajbasawhitehathackealage
cmputecmpany.Shemaywkingwithnetw
thepeplettestthesystem.ehackeswilltyt
fndweaknessesinthesystem.Einthinksthatshe
mustenjythistypewkishegetsthejb.She
mightstatingthejbinthenextewweeks.
IEindesgetthejb,shewn’tfxingthepblems.
Instead,shemustbepepaingaepttthecmpany.
SmeneelsewillfxthepblemsbecauseEindesn’t
havetheexpeiencetdthat.Sheisupsetthatshecannt
fxpblemsaswellbecauseshewuldmakememney.
Untunately,sheculdhaventgttenadegeein
stwaedevelpmentbecausehecllegedidn’te
stwaedevelpmentclasses.Instead,shestudied
cmputesecuitysystems.
Einmighthaventgttenthejbssheapplied,
butthat’sOK.She’seallyhpeulabuthechances
thisjb.Ishegetsthejbanddeswell,maybeshemust
gbacktschlnceshe’smakingmemney.
Self-Assessment pages 64–65
1. a2. c3. a
4. a5. c6. b
7. b8. c9. a
10. b11. a12. c
13. b14. b15. c
Unit 9 Nouns and Modifying Nouns
AttitudesTowardNutrition
Nouns
1 page 66
2. Smeexpetssayit’shealthytgetanhuexecisedaily.
3. Smepepleneedtdinksixclasseswateeveyday.
4. atdietistexteme.5. Yushuldeattheemealsaday.6. It’sOKthaveasnackduingtheday.7. Achildneedsthaveadietwithenughcalciumt
buildbnes.8. Itishealthytaddsmestawbeiestyuceeal.
2 pages 66–67
2. nins3. wate4. salt5. sup6. diet7. weight8. lss
9. nutitin10. vegetables11. health12. advice13. inmatin14. execise
be
^ be
^
may
be
^ be
^ will
not
^
not
^
will
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3 page 67
2. Yucanhavechicken.Yucan’t/cannthavebee.3. Yucanhavefsh.Yucan’t/cannthavepasta.4. Yucanhavenuts.Yucan’t/cannthaveckies.5. Yucanhavebead.Yucan’t/cannthavednuts.6. Yucanhavevegetables.Yucan’t/cannthaveuit.7. Yucanhaveygut.Yucan’t/cannthaveeggs.8. Yucanhavetea.Yucan’t/cannthavecee.
4 page 68
Possible answers: 2. eichdn’talwayshaveabettediet.oreich
alwayshaveabettediet.3. eeducatedknwwhatkindsdaehealthy.or
eeducateddn’tknwwhatkindsdaehealthy.4. Itcanbehadthepthavehealthyeatinghabits.
orItisnthadthepthavehealthyeatinghabits.
5. esickshuldexeciseegulaly.oresickshuldn’texeciseegulaly.
Noncount Nouns as Count Nouns
1 page 68
2. cheese;cheeses3. meat;meats4. uits;uit5. tea;teas
6. sups;sup7. d;ds8. juice;juices
2 page 69
2. twcups 3. theecups 4. apund 5. fveteaspns
6. abit 7. eightglasses 8. anhu
3 page 692. twcups;cn3. Apiece;watemeln4. Aglass;milk 5. apinch;salt
6. Aewdps;il7. Twquats;wate8. agame;basketball
Modifying Nouns
1 page 70
2. Ithasanenmusectangulaswimmingpl.3. Ithasgeatmdenexeciseequipment.4. eeaebigundmetalweights.5. egymesppulaygaclasses.
6. egymhasawndeulnewEupeancaé.7. ecaésevesdeliciuslagebwlsuit.8. eeaealshealthyJapaneseteasinthecaé.
2 pages 70–71
2. newcttn3. blueandwhiteorwhiteandblue4. geatblack 5. edandyellworyellwanded6. uglygeenandpupleoruglypupleandgeen7. lvelyantiqueceamic
8. geatFenchcee 9. unnewexecise10. deliciusstawbey
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 page 71
2. b
3. a4. a5. c
6. b
7. a8. c
2 page 72
Allmealaeimptant,butbeakastisthemst
imptantmealtheday.It’ssmetimeshadtget
childenteatbeakast.Heeisaecipethatchilden
lve,andevenafve-yeas-ldchildcanmakeit!Putd
clingsintathee-uncesglassmilk.Useyuchild’s
avitecl.engiveyuchildtwslicesbeads.Letyuchildpaintaaceneachslicewithaclean
paintbushandthecledmilk.Putthebeadintthe
taste.Remveitandaddsmebutte.Mstchildlvethe
unaces!
ManyecipesthiskindisntheKidsEatwebsite.
KidsEatisanganizatinthathelpschildeneatbette.
epepleattheganizatinisdedicatedtimpving
childen’seatinghabits.eecipeaeeasytllwand
delicius!
Self-Assessment pages 72–73
1. b2. b3. c
4. c5. b6. c
7. a8. c9. b
10. b11. c12. c
13. b14. c15. c
Unit 10 Articles and Quantifiers
Color
Indefinite Article, Definite Article,
and No Article
1 page 74
2. the3. a4. a5. a6. the
7. a 8. e 9. a10. e
meals
fve-year-old
coloring three-ounce
bread
children
are
are
recipes
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2 page 74
2. the;Ø3. Ø4. Ø;the
5. Ø6. Ø
3 page 75
2. A;the3. an4. Ø;e
5. Ø
6. a;Ø7. the8. the
9. a
Quantifiers
1 page 75
2. Alt 3. Nne 4. Quiteaew;ntmany 5. Alt;n
6. Sme;aew 7. Many;ntalt 8. Aew;nne
2 page 76
2. little3. aew
4. Few
5. Aew 6. alittle
7. ew
3 page 76
3. alittle 4. Ntmany 5. sme 6. Ntmuch 7. alt 8. aew 9. quiteaew
10. many 11. Sme 12. aew 13. Many 15. n 16. All 17. ageatdeal
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 page 77
2. c3. a4. c5. c
6. a7. b8. a
2 page 78
PhilWilsnisclecaste.Helksatwhatcls
willbeppulainmuchaeaslikeashinandintei
design.Lkattheclshesayswillbecmeppula.
• Oangeisgingtbeveyppulathisyeainclthingandinthehme.
• Mucheathycls,likeshadesbwn,geen,and
blue,willbeppulainhmedecating.Hweve,
theseeathyclsaen’tgingtbeppulainashin.
• Weaingmuchclsatthesametimewillbe
ashinable.Weaingaltclstgetheisgingt
beeallyppulawithteenages.
• Puttingunusualclstgetheisalsgingtbea
tendinashin–example,weainged,ange,and
pupletgethe.eseclsusuallydn’tgtgethe.
M.Wilsnhasbeensuccessulatpickingaltcl
tendsinthepast.AnnaRamiez,whisinteidesigne,
alwayscnsidesPhil’sadvice.Shesays,“Lastyea,hesaid
thatpuplewuldbeppula,andve50pecentmy
clientswantedpupleintheihmes.isyea,I’mging
tbeeadytuseeathyclsandaltange!”
Self-Assessment pages 78–79
1. b2. b3. a
4. c5. b6. c
7. a8. b9. a
10. c11. b12. a
13. b14. a15. c
Unit 11 PronounsUnusualWorkEnvironments
Reflexive Pronouns
1 page 80
SubjectPronoun
ObjectPronoun
ReflexivePronoun
1. I me myself
2. you (singular) you yourself
3. he him himself
4. she her herself
5. it it itself
6. we us ourselves
7. you (plural) you yourselves
8. they them themselves
2 pages 80–81
2. himsel 3. yusel 4. themselves5. hesel
6. yuselves7. itsel 8. uselves
3 page 812. itsel 3. they 4. them5. themselves6. themselves
7. himsel 8. themselves 9. them10. him11. yusel
a
^ many
Many
many
a lot
a lot
an
^
a lot
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4 page 82
2. yuselves3. byhesel 4. himsel 5. bythemselves
6. yusel/yuselves7. himsel 8. mysel 9. yuselves/yusel
Pronouns with Other / Another
1 page 832. Antheis3. Othesae4. ethesae
5. ethesae6. Othesae
2 page 83
2. thes 3. eachthe 4. thes 5. thes
3 page 84
2. eachthe/neanthe 3. eachthe/neanthe 4. thethe 5. eachthe/neanthe 6. eachthe/neanthe 7. anthe 8. eachthe/neanthe/thes 9. anthe10. anthe11. ethe12. anthe13. thethe
Indefinite Pronouns
1 A page 85
People Places Things
anybody nobody anywhere anything
anyone no one everywhere everything
everybody somebody nowhere nothing
everyone someone somewhere something
B pages 85–86
2. Anybdy/Anyne 3. anywhee/eveywhee 4. Anybdy/Anyne
5. smething 6. smewhee 7. Eveybdy/Eveyne 8. anything/eveything 9. eveybdy/eveyne10. nbdy/nne11. nwhee12. anywhee
2 page 86
2. anywhee; Answers will vary.3. eveyne/eveybdy; Answers will vary.4. anything; Answers will vary.5. nthing; Answers will vary.
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 page 872. b3. b4. c5. a
6. c7. c8. c
2 page 88
Manycmpanieshaveunusualwkenvinments,but
smeaemeunusualthanthe.
• AtGeenMuntainCeeRastes,emplyeescang
takeaclassatthensitemeditatincente.ee,they
cangivetheiselvessmetimetelax,andtheng
backtwk.
• AtChesapeakeEnegyCp.,emplyeescantake
scuba-divingclasses.Smeemplyeeswktwad
ascuba-divingcetifcatin.Othejusttaketheclasses
un.
• AtTupanin,apethealthinsuancecmpany,
eveybdyeceiveeepetinsuancetheicatdg.
• Anumbecmpanieseageatbeneft:eveyne
getaeelunch.FactSetReseachisnecmpanythat
desthis,andtheincludeGgle,Facebk,and
Netix.
• CamdenPpetyTustgivesadiscunttemplyees
whliveinthebuildingsthecmpanywns.Anyne
mthecmpanypay20pecentlessinent.
• Micstgivesemplyeeseegceydelivey.Itals
matchesdnatinsthatanynegivetachaity.eundethecmpanyhisselgivesaltmneyt
chaity.
Self-Assessment pages 88–89
1. b2. a3. a
4. c5. b6. a
7. c8. c9. b
10. a11. b12. c
13. b14. c15. a
others
themselves
Others
receives
gets
others
pays
gives
himsel
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Unit 12 Gerunds
GettinganEducation
Gerunds as Subjects and Objects
1 page 90
Gettinganeducatinisimptanttmanyyung
pepleintheUnitedStates.Inact,yungpeplemustgetaneducatin.Statingschlatagefve,evenyungeitheygtpeschl,isnmalmststudents.Itdependsnthestate,butmststudentsdn’tfnishstudyinguntiltheyae1718.Studentsgtelementayschl,middleschl(smetimescalledjunihighschl),andthenhighschl. Manyhighschlsaeeingclassesthatpepaestudentscllege–example,advancedEnglish,math,andscienceclasses.eseclassesaecalledcllegepepclasses.Hweve,ntattendingcllegeisanptin.Smestudentsenjygettingajbightutschl.Taking
vcatinalcuses,suchascaepaicmputeskills,isanptinhighschlstudentswhaentplanningtgtcllege.
2 page 90
2. wking 3. mving 4. Planning 5. becming
6. becming 7. Paying 8. helping
3 page 91
Answers will vary.
Gerunds After Prepositions
and Fixed Expressions
1 page 91
2. having 3. leaning 4. nusing
5. inapplying 6. ateducating 7. abuttying
2 pages 92–93
2. Heneedstleanabutgettingfnancialaid.3. HecmplainsabutdingseachesntheIntenet.4. He’s/Heisusedtdingeveythingbyhimsel.5. HethinksIvanshuldcncentatengettingmney
schl.6. Headmitstthinkingabuttmanythingsatthe
sametime.7. HeinsistsnhelpingIvan.8. He’ll/Hewilltakecaesigningupacmpute.
3 page 93
Answers will vary.
Gerunds After Nouns + of
1 page 93
2. Sheundestandstheimptancegingtcllege.3. Shethinksthecstattendingcllegeisexpensive.4. Sheistyingtfgueutthebestwaypaying
cllege.5. She’sntsueabutthebenefttakingutastudent
lan.6. Sheisexcitedabutthepssibilitygettingagant.
2 page 94
2. wayspending 3. isknthaving 4. advantagebwing 5. disadvantagegetting 6. eapaying
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 pages 94–95
2. a3. a4. c5. c
6. a7. c8. c
2 page 95
Atespendtwyeasatacmmunitycllege,Pam
decidedthatshedidntwantttansettheu-yea
univesityinhecity.Shethughtabutbecmeadg
taineinstead.Shehaddeamedbeadgtainesince
shewasveyyung.Sheaskedaiendadvice.He
iendsuggestedvlunteeingattheHumaneSciety.
Tytgetajbatapetstetgainexpeiencewas
antheidea.Heiendalssuggestedeadingbksand
aticlesabutdgtaining.Atetalkingtheiend,Pam
spenttimenlineseachinginmatin.Checkut
websitesweeanthegdsuggestinmheiend.
Inteviewveteinaiansinthecmmunityalsseemed
likeagdidea.Becmeadgtainebegantlkme
dicultthanshehadealized.Shedecidedttanset
theunivesitytstudyanimalscienceandvlunteeatthe
HumaneScietyinhespaetime.Cncentatingnhe
studiesaemakinghehappythesedays.Studyinganimal
scienceaethebestdecisinshe’sevemade!
spending
becoming
being
Trying
Checking
was
Interviewing
Becoming
is
is
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Self-Assessment pages 96–97
1. c2. a3. b
4. a5. c6. a
7. c8. b9. a
10. a11. c12. b
13. b14. c15. c
Unit 13 Infinitives
InnovativeMarketingTechniques
Infinitives with Verbs
1 page 98
2. twk 3. tteach4. tbecme5. tbe
6. ntthave7. tincease8. nttwaste
2 page 99
2. tpaint3. tput/himtput
4. tceate5. tleave
6. tadvetise7. ttake
8. Jimtpaint
3 page 99
2. Ms.Lindentldhimtspendmemneynadvetising.
3. Sheugedhimtuseceativeadvetisingmethds.4. Heaskedhetgivehimsmeideas.5. Macelchsetputadsinteenmagazines.6. eadvetisementspesuadedyungcnsumest
buyMacel’sclthing.
Infinitives vs. Gerunds
1 A page 100
2. Niclehatescallingiendsnhecellphne.3. Niclelikestchecke-mailnhecellphne.4. Nicledesn’t/desntlikeusingtheIntenetn
hecellphne.5. Niclepeesttakepictueswithacamea.6. Niclepeescheckinge-mailnhephne.7. Niclebegantusetheiphnesevicelastyea.8. Niclewillcntinueusingtheiphnesevice.
B page 101
Answers will vary.
2 page 101
2. tput3. tbing 4. leaving 5. nthaving 6. tdiscuss
7. tget 8. discussing 9. petending 10. ttell
Infinitives After Adjectives and Nouns
1 page 102
2. isn’t/isntdiculttpst 3. willbeamazedtdiscveorwillbesupisedtfnd 4. aeeadytheaoraelikelytbuy 5. Dntbeaaidtgiveaway 6. willbesupisedtfndorwillbeamazedtdiscve
7. aelikelytbuy 8. isn’t/isntnecessaytshck 9. iseasytd10. aeluckytbecme
2 page 103
2. waytget; Answers will vary. 3. chancetsell; Answers will vary. 4. abilitytchange; Answers will vary. 5. timetbuy; Answers will vary.
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 pages 103–1042. b3. a4. c5. a
6. a7. c8. b
2 page 104
Falseadvetisingisgivinguntueinmatinabuta
pduct.Smestesusealseadvetisingbecausethey
wantthatyucmeinside.Heeaesmecmmnms
alseadvetisingthatstesusetpesuadeyut
buyingtheipducts:
• Smecmpaniesusepictuesthatmaketheipducts
lkbettethantheyae.Maybeyuseeapictuea
geatcmputenline.Whenyugetttheste,the
cmputelksveydieent.esalespeplethen
eyuanthe,meexpensive,cmpute.
• Smestesadvetisegeatsales.Yulkwadt
buythepductyusee,butwhenyugetttheste,
theitemyuwantbuyisgne.Onceyu’eintheste,salespepleugeyutntleavewithutbuying
smething.
• Smeadvetisementssalespeplesayapductcan
dsmethingthatitcan’td.eycnvincethatyuget
it,andthenyu’edisappintedwhenyugethme.
Becaeulalseadvetisingwhenyushp.Wedn’t
wantthatyubedisappinted.
to
^
buy
buying
to
not
^
to
^
to
^
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Self-Assessment pages 104–105
1. b2. b3. c
4. c5. a6. b
7. a8. b9. b
10. a11. a12. b
13. a14. a15. b
Unit 14 Negative Questions
and Tag QuestionsGeographicMobility
Negative Questions
1 page 106
2. didn’t;mve3. Didn’t;change4. aen’t
5. Dn’t;stay 6. Dn’t;include
2 page 107
2. Dn’tyuhaveadegeeinecnmics?;N;Educatin
3. Dn’tyuwkatDyettHighSchlnw?;n;DylanHighSchl4. Haven’tyulived/beenlivinginChicagsince2006?;
N;20085. Didn’tyumvetMexicCity?;Yes;20066. Dn’tyuspeakSpanishandPtuguese?;Spanishand
Fench
Tag Questions
1 page 108
2. aen’tthey 3. can’tit
4. isit5. dn’tthey 6. aen’tthey
7. hashe 8. hasthee
9. willthey 10. wuldyu
2 pages 108–109
2. mved;didn’tthey;Yes,theydid.ordidn’tmve;didthey;Yes,theydid.
3. ispainting;isn’the;N,heisn’t.He’spaintinghuses.orisn’tpainting;ishe;N,heisn’t.He’spaintinghuses.
4. mved;didn’tshe;N,shedidn’t.ShemvedtLndn.ordidn’tmve;didshe;N,shedidn’t.ShemvedtLndn.
5. bught;didn’tthey;N,theydidn’t.eybughtaestauant.ordidn’tbuy;didthey;N,theydidn’t.eybughtaestauant.
6. isliving;isn’tshe;Yes,sheis.orisn’tliving;isshe;Yes,sheis.
3 page 109
2. a3. b4. a5. a
4 A page 110
2. Yes,itis3. N,theydidn’t4. Yes,theydid5. Yes,itis
B page 110
2. A 3. U
4. A 5. A
5 page 110
Answers will vary.
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 page 111
2. c3. c4. c5. a
6. a7. b8. b
2 page 112
Q: YutavelmplacetplaceinKenya,desn’the?
A: N.Itavelalt.Imvemplacetplacewiththe
dctsandnuses.
Q: Yunwkingmstlyinsmalltwns?
A: Yes,Iam.eeaen’tmanyhspitalsthee.Wehavea
smallhspitalinavan.
Q: Yudivethevanmplacetplace,n?A: Well,Idn’tdiveitmysel.Smeneelsedivesit.We
usuallystayinaplaceaewweeks.enwegt
anthetwn.
Q: ismedicalpgamhelpsaltpeple,desn’tshe?
A: Yes,itdes.Wegivehealthcaetmanypepleinsmall
twns.
Q: Yungettiedmvingaundsmuch?
A: Yes.Inevegettied.Ilveit.
Q: Newdctswillbecmingtyupgamnext
week,n?
A: Yes,theywill.I’mgingtbetainingsixnewdcts.
Q: enyu’eginghme,isn’tit?
A: N,I’mnt.Actually,I’mgingtEthipiatsetupa
mbileclinicthee.
don’t you
Yes, I do
Aren’t you
don’t you
it
Don’t you
No, I don’t
won’t they
aren’t you
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Self-Assessment pages 112–113
1. c2. a3. c
4. a5. b6. c
7. b8. c9. a
10. c11. a12. c
13. b14. a15. a
Unit 15 That Clauses
CulturalValues
That Clauses
1 page 114
Manyjbshavedieentvaluesassciatedwiththem.Hee
aejustaew:
Doctors: Dctsvalueeachpatient’slie.eyeven
takeanath.eathsaysdctsmust
teatsickpepletthebesttheiability.
Dctsalspmisetkeepapatient’s
inmatinpivate.
Lawyers: Pivacyisalsimptantinlaw.Lawyes
knwtheycanntshaeaclient’sinmatin
withthesitheclientdesn’twantthemt.
Lawyesalsvalueainess.
Teachers: Teachesvalueleaning.eybelieveall
studentscanlean.
Dentists: Dentistsvaluegddentalcae.ey
knwtheipatientswillhavehealthieteeth
itheybushandssthemeveydayand
seeadentistegulaly.
Librarians: Libaiansvalueeading.eyals
thinkpepleshuldbequietinlibaies
tletthepeplecncentatenwhat
theyaeeading.
Journalists: Junalistscaeabutthetuth.eyleantheymustbecectandaiwhen
epting.
2 page 115
2. PaulassumesBaziliansdn’tusuallymindbeinglatepatieswithclseiends.
3. M.IthaseadthatGemansusuallyliketbentime.4. MelissaeelsAmeicansaesmetimestwied
abuttime.
5. Ms.PipehasnticedthatCanadiansusuallystatmeetingsntime.
6. Calinahasealizedsmetimesit’sntimptanttbentimeinItaly.
7. D.RbinsundestandsthatChinesepepletenplanthingsyeasinadvance.
8. Benguessespepleaen’ttenlatepatiesinJapan.
3 page 116
Answers will vary.
Agreement Between That Clauses
and Main Clauses
1 page 116
2. Reseachshwsthatmstpepleespecttheipaents.3. Mstpaentsimaginethattheichildenwillalways/
aealwaysgingtespectthem.4. Mstchildenleanthatgandpaentsdeseveespect.5. Smehistianseelthatpepleshwedthesme
espectinthepast.
6. Smeteachesthinkthatchildenweemeespectulinthepast.7. Smeteacheshpethatstudentswill/aegingt
listenbetteintheutue.8. Expetsealizethattendswill/aegingtchange
vetime.
2 page 117
2. stand3. hadbeenstanding 4. like5. wee
6. wuldsee7. didn’tstand8. ae
That Clauses After Adjectives and Nouns
1 page 118
Dieentcultueshavedieentviewsnleaninglanguages.Whatdyuthinkabutleaninglanguages? JL22: PepleintheUnitedStatestenknwnly
nelanguage,butit’scleathatpepleinEupeusuallyleanmethannelanguage.
KyleK: It’sundestandablethatEupeansknwmanylanguages.ecuntiesaeclsetgethe,andtheyneedtcmmunicatewitheachthe.
DougT: It’suntunatethatpepleintheUnited
Statesdn’tspeakmelanguages.It’smyviewthattheeaemanybeneftstbeingbilingual! Mary96: Itisevidentthatbilingualpeplehave
advantages.It’sundestandablethatbilingual peplegetbettejbs.
Sandra: epblemisthatntmanyschlsintheUnitedStateseenugheignlanguageclasses.
George06: Idisagee.Myimpessinisthatschlseclasses,butit’sveychallengingtfndplacestspeakthelanguagesutsideclass.
that
^
that
^
that
^
that
^
that
^
that
^
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JavierR: I’mcetainthatpepleinmycuntyvaluelanguageleaning.AlmsteveyneleansSpanishandEnglishinschl.
L1990: MyhpeisthateveynewillspeakbthSpanishandEnglishinthenext20yeas.
Mei92: Mycncenisthatpeplewillstillnlybebilingual.It’stunatethatwespeaktheelanguagesinmyamily.
Isabel: Insmeplacesthee’sabeliethatleaning
nlynelanguageisthebest.Iguessthepintisthataltusdisagee!
2 page 119
2. Itiscleathatdieentcultualvaluesshuldbeespected.
3. epblemisthatsmethingcnsideedpsitivebynecultuemightbecnsideednegativebyanthe.orItisapblemthatsmethingcnsideedpsitivebynecultuemightbecnsideednegativebyanthe.
4. ItisinteestingthattheIntenetmighthelpeducethesepblemsbymakingpeplemeawaethecultues.
5. ehpeisthatpeplewillleanmeabutcultual valuesinthecunties.6. Itislikelythattheewillbeewecnictsbecause
dieentcultualvaluesintheutue.
3 page 119
Answers will vary.
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 page 120
2. c3. a
4. b5. c
6. c7. c
8. b
2 page 121
eeaemanyplacesinthewldthataecultually
divese.Itisinteestingpeplewithdieentcultual
valuescantengetalngwellintheseplaces.Heeae
smethemstdivesecitiesinthewld.
NewYorkCity: ItiscleathatNewYkCityalwaysbeen
cultuallydivese.Peplespeakaund
800languagesinthecity.Immigantshave
cmetNewYkCitymallvethe
wld,andexpetsaecetainthatthe
tendcntinueintheutue.
Toronto: TntisCanada’smstdivesecity.Itis
tue,thatFenchandEnglishaecial
languagesinCanada,buteseachshws
thatalmstne-thidthepeplein
Tntspeakaeignlanguageathme.
OvehalthepeplelivinginTnt
weentbninCanada.
LosAngeles: LsAngelesisanthedivesecity.
Reseachshws,thatalmsthal
theppulatinisLatin,14pecentis
Asian,and9pecentisAicanAmeican.
L.A.isdiveseintheways,t.Expets
saythatistheceativecapitalthewld.
London: Onewebsitesaysthat,almstevey
cultueinthewldcanbeundin
Lndn.elagenumbecultuesis
eectedintheestauants,inwhichyu
canfndavaietydmaundthe wld.
Dubai: Dubaiisquicklybecmingadivesecity.
Itissupisingthatwasntdiveseinthe
past.Manypeplemaundthewld
havemvedtheewk,makingita
glbalcitytday.
Self-Assessment pages 122–123
1. b2. c3. b
4. a5. b6. c
7. a8. a9. b
10. b11. c12. a
13. a14. c15. a
Unit 16 Noun Clauses
with Wh- Words and If /Whether
InventionsTheySaidWouldNeverWork
Noun Clauses with Wh- Words
1 page 1242. whee3. hwmany;wh4. when;hw/why 5. why
6. hwmany 7. which/what8. what
2 page 125
2. whattexpect3. wheetheitemcmes4. when/wheeyuwant5. whatyusee
6. whatyuget7. hwtlk 8. hw/wheetfnd9. Whatpeplesay
that
^
has
^
is going to / will
^
Los Angeles / the city / it
^
Dubai / the city / it
^
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3 page 125
2. eystilldn’tknwwhenthe“algaeuel”canbeusedincas.
3. Manypeplecaeabutwhathappenswiththeeseach.
4. eesultsthepjectmayaecthwwepweucasintheutue.
5. I’mntsuewhatwillhappenwiththisnewtechnlgy.6. Hweve,Icanundestandwhysmanypepleae
inteestedinit.
Noun Clauses with If / Whether
1 page 126
2. thenamewasmthesevantwhpepaeditmthemanwhateit
3. ithappenedinthe17th18thcentuy 4. theeallikedhissandwich5. Sandwichisthenameaplace6. theplaceisinEnglandNthAmeica7. thesandwichbecameppulaightaway
2 page 127
3. X 4. Smepepleculdn’tfgueutiEinstein’sinventin
waspacticalnt.5. I’dliketfndutitday’svesinispactical.6. X 7. Idn’tknwitday’svesinwillhavefnancial
successnt.
3 pages 127–128
2. Idn’tcaewhethetheRingPhnetheScteSheswillmakememney.
3. ey’etyingtdecideitheRingPhnetheScte
Sheswillgetfstpize.4. Idn’temembewhethemycusininventedtheRing
PhnetheScteShes.5. I’mtyingtfndutitheRingPhnetheScte
Sheswillgetapatentfst.6. Ican’tfgueutwhethetheRingPhnetheScte
Sheswillbemepactical.
Noun Clauses in Direct
and Indirect Questions
1 page 128
2. Iwaswndeingwhinventedhaithatcmesinacan.3. Canyuexplainhwthepductwks?4. I’dliketknwwhysmenewuldwanttputcled
pwdenhishehead.5. Iwanttfndutianynebuysthispduct.6. Cananynetellmewhethethepducteallylks
likehai?
2 page 129
Answers will vary.
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 pages 129–130
2. c3. b4. a5. a
6. a7. c8. b
2 page 130
It’stimeagaintheInvent’sFai.ankyu
beingajudge.Pleasekeepthesethingsinmindwhenyu
judgethepjects.
• Itdesn’tmattewhatageistheinvent.Anyne
canwin.
• Iyudn’tknwwhatistheinventin,eadthe
desciptin.
• Testtheinventintseeeitheitwksnt.
Asyutesteachinventin,askyuselthesequestins
thelpyupickawinne.
• Cananynefgueuthwtheinventinwks?
• Canyutellwethenttheinventinwuldbeuseul
indailylie?Whmwuldithelp?
• Dyuknwwethetheinventinisuniquent?
Desitaleadyexist?
• Itshuldn’tmatteeithentyulikeit.Judgetheinventinniitisagdideant.Hwuseulisit
tpeple?
• einventseadyucmmentseithethey’egd
bad.Iyudn’tliketheinventin,pleasewiteyu
cmmentsplitely.
Self-Assessment pages 130–131
1. b2. a3. c
4. a5. c6. b
7. b8. c9. a
10. b11. a12. a
13. c14. b15. a
is
^
is
^
whether
whether
whether
whether
whether
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Unit 17 Direct Speech
and Indirect Speech
HumanMotivation
Direct Speech
1 page 132
2. said3. said4. said5. asked
6. said7. said8. asked9. said
2 page 133
2. “Beakastmtivatesmetgetup,”Jingsaid,“andIalwayslkwadtacupcee.”or“Beakastmtivatesmetgetup,”saidJing,“andIalwayslkwadtacupcee.”
3. Danasaid,“Nthingmtivatesmetgetutbed!” 4. “Whatabutyu?”askedKyleor“Whatabutyu?”
Kyleasked.
5. “esunisemtivatesme,”Iansaidor“esunisemtivatesme,”saidIan. 8. Kylesaid,“It’sinteestingthateveyne’sanswewas
dieent.” 9. Jingasked(Kyle),“Whatabutyu?Whatmtivates
yutgetutbed?”10. “eIntenet!”Kylesaidor“eIntenet!”saidKyle.
3 page 134
2. Calsaid,“Execisingduinglunchhelpsmestaymtivatedatwk.”or“Execisingduinglunchhelpsmestaymtivatedatwk,”Calsaid
3. “Mydeadlineskeepmemtivatedatwk,”saidEica. 4. “I’mawaite,”saidJsh,“sI’mmtivatedbytips.”or
“I’mawaite,sI’mmtivatedbytips,”saidJsh. 5. Raaelsaid,“Mymanagemtivatesmetwkhad.”
or“Mymanagemtivatesmetwkhad,”Raaelsaid.
6. “Idn’tneedextenalmtivatin,”saidAlisn,“becauseI’mnatuallymtivated.”or“Idn’tneedextenalmtivatinbecauseI’mnatuallymtivated,”saidAlisn.
7. “Myjbmtivatesmetgetupinthemning,”saidChis.
8. Maxasked,“Isitdiculttfndmtivatinatyu jb?”or“Isitdiculttfndmtivatinatyujb?”Maxasked.
Indirect Speech
1 pages 134–135
2. said(that)thestudentshadleanedabutthe19thcentuy
3. said(that)histywasaninteestingsubject 4. said(that)theteachewastalkingabutinspiing
leadesnTuesday 5. said(that)theclasswasgingtahistymuseum
2 pages 135–136
2. a3. b4. b
5. c6. c
Indirect Speech Without Tense Shift
1 pages 136–137
2. Diegsaid(that)theeaemanywaystemainmtivatedduingdiculttimesatwk.3. Jesaid(that)avidsdistactinbyntcheckinghis
e-mailallday.4. Tngsaid(that)checkinge-mailwastesalttime.5. Biansaid(that)hedesn’tchecke-mailveyten
atwk.6. Adamsaid(that)hebkehiswkdwnintsmall
pats.7. Einsaid(that)calendaseallyhelphestayn
schedule.
2 page 137
Answers will vary.
Other Reporting Verbs
1 page 138
2. cnessed3. tld4. explained
5. swe6. cnvinced
2 page 138
2. tBeatizthatlisteningtmusicis/wasagdwaytstaymtivated.
3. JiAhthatthegymwill/wuldbeclsednSunday
4. tCythatit/hisexeciseplan/theexeciseplan wasn’tgingwellatall5. Amandathattheesultswuldbewthit6. AnnethatJilllst/hadlsttenpundslastmnth7. tClaiethatygawill/wuldhelpwithftness
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 page 139
2. c3. a4. a5. c
6. b7. c8. b
2 page 140
Musiccanbeveymtivatinal.D.OliviaHalstnsaid,
Musiccanmakedicultjbsseemeasie.Sheexplained
usthatmusicaectsthebain.Shesaidthatshehave
discveedthatmusicmakesthebainhappy.Wewanted
tknwhwmusicmtivatesueades,swedidan
nlinesuveytaskabuttheimusichabitsvea
^ ^
to
^
had ” ”
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ne-mnthpeid.Manyeadessaidthattheylistent
musicmtivatinwhentheyexecisedduingthattime.
Fexample,Lien,a22-yea-ldnuse,said,Ilistent
musicnmyheadphneswhenIexecise.Sheeptedus
thatitmadehewkutgaste.Otheeadesadmitted
usthattheylistenedtmusicwhentheydidhusewk.
Jack,astudent,saidthatnextSatudayhewillpbably
playmusicbytheRllingStneswhenhecleanedthe
huse.“Itwn’tmakecleaningun,”hesaid,butitwill
makeitbette.
Self-Assessment pages 140–141
1. c2. c3. a
4. b5. b6. a
7. b8. a9. a
10. c11. b12. a
13. c14. c15. b
Unit 18 Indirect Questions; Indirect
Imperatives, Requests, and Advice
CreativeProblemSolving
Indirect Questions
1 pages 142–143
2. T3. F;Mataaskeditheyculdstatsellingtheipducts
nline.
4. F;Binaskedwhentheywuldbeabletstatsellingitemsnline.5. T6. T7. F;Ms.Otegaaskedwhculdceateapagethem.8. T9. F;Ms.OtegaaskedBinihehadEd’scntact
inmatin.
2 pages 143–144
2. JackaskedFenishewasunhappyatwk.3. Fenaskedhimishehadtwkuntil6:00p.m.4. JackaskedFenishehadapblemwithhewk
schedule.5. FenaskedJackisheculdleaveealytpickup
hechilden.6. JackaskedFenishehadapblemwithhebabysitte.7. FenaskedJackishewuldbeallwedtwkm
hmetmw.
3 page 144
3. JillaskedDanihehadeptedthepblemyet4. DanaskedJillwheeheculdeptthepblem5. JillaskedihehadtalkedttheITdepatment6. enJillaskedihewantedhetgwithhim
7. heaskedJillwhthemanagethedepatmentwas 8. JillaskediheknewAnde 9. askedishewantedtgetsmelunch
Indirect Imperatives, Requests,
and Advice
1 page 145
2. saidtlistentmusic 3. saidtbainstmideas 4. saidnttwatchTV 5. saidteadasmuchaspssible 6. saidnttsitatadeskallday 7. saidtmeditate20minuteseveyday 8. saidtexeciseatleastutimeseveyweek 9. saidttalktiendsandclleagues
2 page 146
2. D.Tayltldhimnttdinksdaceeate11:00a.m.
3. D.Tayltldthemtwitedwntheipblems
beediscussingthem. 4. D.Tayltldhimtstpusinghisphne. 5. D.Tayltldusnttwyabutsmallpblems. 6. D.Taylaskedtmeetnusdayinstead. 7. D.Tayltldthemnttignepblemswhen
theyccued. 8. D.Taylaskedhetlknlinejb
pptunities. 9. D.TaylaskedNayungttalkthiseceptinist
abuthisbills.10. D.Tayltldthemtleantmanagethei
timebette.
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 page 147
2. c3. c4. a5. b
6. c7. b8. a
2 page 148
Aeyuaceativepesn?D.LydiaGacia,acunsel
whhelpspeplefndjbs,saysthatwegatethejb
yudeams.Heeaesmegeatjbsceativepeple.
InteriorDesigner: WeaskedinteidesigneJulie
Newtndidshethinkhejbwas
ceative.Shetldthatitwas.She
explainedthatinteidesignesneed
tbeceativewithcls,pattens,
andlight.
listened
^
^ to
^
^
to
would
^
^
to go
i thought
us
^
”
”
”
”
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Photographer: Phtgaphesneedthavea
ceativeeye.Weaskedphtgaphe
CyDavisculdhetellusthe
mstimptanttipbeingagd
phtgaphe.Hesaidthatwebe
uniqueandnttdwhateveyne
elsedes.
Teacher: Teacheshavetthinkceative
waysthelpstudentslean.Teache
DebbieMganhas25students.She
saysthatshe’salwaysthinkingnew
waysthelphestudentslean.She
tellstdtheibest,andshehelps
themdit.
Chef: Gdchesaeceativeches.Peple
likeavaietydieentkinds
ds.WeaskedCheAsamiTanaka
didshethinkitwasimptanttbe
ceativeinthekitchen.Shetldthatit
was.Sheexplainedthatpeplewant
dthattastesgd,buttheyals
wantittlknice.
Aeanythesejbsyu?Whateveyud,llwD.Gacia’sadvice.Shesaidthatyufndajbthat’sight
yu.
Self-Assessment pages 148–149
1. b2. c3. c
4. c5. a6. c
7. b8. b9. b
10. c11. a12. a
13. b14. c15. b
Unit 19 The Passive (1)
EnglishasaGlobalLanguage
Active vs. Passive Sentences
1 page 150
2. A 3. P4. A 5. P
6. P7. A 8. P
2 pages 150–151
2. Englishisusedataiptsandtainstatins. 3. CmmandsinEnglishaetypedncmputes.or
CmmandsaetypedinEnglishncmputes. 4. E-mailsaebeingwitteninEnglish.orE-mailsin
Englishaebeingwitten. 5. AnnuncementsaemadeinEnglishatintenatinal
events.orAnnuncementsinEnglishaemadeatintenatinalevents.
6. Englishsngsaeheadinmanyplaces. 7. HwisEnglishusedinyucunty? 8. AebusinessmeetingsbeingcnductedinEnglish? 9. AestudentsaskedteadEnglish-languagebks?
3 page 151
2. hasbeencalled 3. haven’t/haventbeentanslated 4. havebeentaken 5. havebeenleaned 6. hasbeenbught
4 pages 151–152
2. wasntbeingused 3. weestated 4. hasbeenspead 5. isalsbeingtaught 6. havebeenmade 7. isused 8. aebeingcnducted 9. aebeingwitten
5 page 152
2. bytheDukeAthll 3. bytheDuke 4. bymeandmepeple 5. byewethan200inhabitants 6. bythepeple 7. bythegvenment 8. byteaches 9. byve1,500peple10. bypeple
Verbs and Objects with the Passive
1 pages 152–153
2. I 3. T;eLatinalphabetisused(bymanypeple)aund
thewld.
4. I 5. T;Awitingsystembasednealiealphabetswasceated(bytheRmans).
6. I 7. I 8. I 9. T;LettesnancientRmanmnumentsaeeasily
ecgnizedbymanytuiststItaly.
i he
^
to
her students / them
^
i thought
us
^
to
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2 page 153
2. IO;eaudiencewastldthehistyEnglishsincethefthcentuy(bythenaat).
3. DO;Exampleschangesinthelanguagevethecentuiesweeeedttheaudiencebythenaat.orExampleschangesinthelanguagevethecentuiesweeeedbythenaatttheaudience.orExampleschangesinthelanguagevethecentuiesweeeedttheaudience.
4. IO;ViewesweeshwnsmethevaietiesspkenEnglish(bythemviemakes).
5. IO;emviemakesweegivensamplesspeechbyEnglishspeakesmdieentplaces.
6. DO;edieencesbetweenBitishEnglishand AmeicanEnglishweeshwn(bythenaat).
Reasons for Using the Passive
1 page 154
2. weeincluded3. weeasked
4. weeexamined5. weecmpaed6. weepublished
2 pages 154–155
2. havebeenpesented3. wascnducted4. weepublished5. aespken
6. wasmade7. wasepted8. isbeingstudied
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 pages 155–156
2. c3. a4. b5. b
6. b7. a8. b
2 page 156
Englishisuseinmanycuntiesaundthewld.
Itissmetimesadicultlanguagetlean.
Pnunciatinknwntbedicultsmepeple.
Fexample,the j asitispnuncinginEnglishwds
(like June)canbedicultSpanishspeakes.atis
becausethesamesunddesntccuinSpanish.
VwelsaealsdicultmstleanesEnglish.
ManyvwelsundsaefndinginEnglish.Ameicans
aeusedabutfteenvwelsunds.Als,thevwel
sundspnuncedabitdieentlyindieentplacesin
theEnglish-speakingwld.Leaneshavebeenund
waystimpvetheipnunciatininEnglishalng
time.Manypnunciatinclassesaeeingatschls.
Peplealslistentnativespeakestimpve.What
pnunciatintipsyuweetaught?Whichnesaeyu
using?
Self-Assessment pages 156–157
1. c2. a3. a
4. c5. a6. a
7. b8. b9. b
10. c11. c12. c
13. b14. c15. b
Unit 20 The Passive (2)
FoodSafety
The Passive with Be Going To and Modals
1 pages 158–159 2. WillpubliccncensabutGMdsaetybe
educed?;’ll/willbeeduced;wn’t/willntbeeduced 3. WillmeandmeGMdsbepuchased(by
cnsumes)?;willbebught(bycnsumes);wn’t/willntbebught(bycnsumes)
4. WillthesaetyGMdsbecnfmed(byeseach)?;’ll/willbecnfmed(byeseach);wn’t/
willntbecnfmed(byeseach) 5. WillGMdsbeegulatedmestictlybyme
cunties?;wn’t/willntbeegulatedmestictlybymecunties;’ll/willbeegulatedmestictlybymecunties
2 page 159
2. is;gingtbetalked 3. hasbeendne 4. havebeenused 5. aegingtbehamed 6. aegingtbegivenorhavebeengiven 7. isgingtbedne 8. havebeengwn 9. haven’t/haventbeentested10. havebeenmade11. aegingtbeseen
3 page 160
2. maybemdifed 3. mightbesld 4. culdbekept 5. mayntbeknwn 6. culdbedamaged 7. mustbetested 8. mightbecaused
4 page 160
Answers will vary.
used
is
^ pronounced
ound
use
are
^ have been inding / have ound
oered
were
^
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Get Passives
1 page 161
2. getscntaminated3. desn’t/desntgetcked4. dn’t/dntgetwashed5. getsdpped6. getsput
2 page 161
2. ezenptatesaegettingecalledbecausetheygtlabeledincectly.
3. efshisn’t/isntgettingecalledbecauseitdidn’t/didntgetcntaminated.
4. echclatemilkisgettingecalledbecauseitdidn’t/didntgetpcessedcectly.
5. ehtdgsaen’t/aentgettingecalledbecausetheydidn’t/didntgetdamagedbybacteia.
6. euitdinksaegettingecalledbecausetheydidn’t/didntgetpackagedcectly.
3 page 162
Interviewer: Lastweek,1,000casescheesemadeby
ChedCheese,Inc.weeecalled.Tday,the
wneChedCheese,M.JhnHais,is
heettalkwithusabutthepblem.
Hell,M.Hais,andthankyucming.
Mr.Harris: Yu’ewelcme.ankyuhavingme.
Interviewer: S,tellusabutthepblem.
Mr.Harris: Well,sevealpeplebecamesickateeating
ucheese,sallucheesepducts
weetestedbytheFDA.
Interviewer: Isee.AndwhatdidtheFDAfnd?
Mr.Harris: eyundthatneucheeseshadbeen
cntaminated.
Interviewer: S,whathappened?
Mr.Harris: atcheesewasecalledbytheFDA.O
cuse,atChedCheese,weaecncened
abutpublicsaety.Ipesnallymadean
annuncementabuttheecall.
Interviewer: Dyuknwhwthecheesewas
cntaminated?
Mr.Harris: Yes,Id.Untunately,sevealmy
emplyeesdidntllwusaety
pcedues.
Interviewer: Andwhathappenedtthseemplyees?
Weetheyfed?
Mr.Harris: Yes,Ifedthem.AtChedCheese,wetake
saetyseiusly.
Interviewer: Yucmpanywasshutdwn,ight?
Mr.Harris: Yes,butitwasn’tshutdwnbythegvenment.Idecidedtclsethe
actyanddathughcleaning
uequipment.We’egingtepenn
Mnday,andIwantcnsumestknwit
willbesaetbuyucheeseagain.
Interviewer: ankyuyutime,M.Hais.
Passive Gerunds and Infinitives
1 page 163
2. beinginmedortbeinmed3. tbepesuaded4. beinghamed5. tbeimpved6. beingmisinmed7. tbemisled
2 pages 163–164
2. tbe3. being 4. tbe
5. being 6. tbe
3 page 1642. Iwant; Answers will vary.3. Ihpe; Answers will vary.4. I’maaid; Answers will vary.5. I’minteestedin; Answers will vary.6. I’mntlikely; Answers will vary.
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 pages 164–165
2. b3. b4. a
5. c
6. b7. c8. a
2 page 165
Aames’maketwillmallybeappvebythe
cmmunitybadatitsnextmeeting.Fames’pducts
willbesellatamaketdwntwneveyweekend.e
maketwillbeinspectbythehealthbadbeeitpens
inMay.ehealthbadneedstgivefnalappval.
got
got
gotten
got
got
Did get
^
got
didn’t get
approved
sold
inspected
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Awidevaietyeshlygwnpductswillbedisplay
cnsumestchse,includinguits,vegetables,
andwes.Inadditin,pductssuchashneymight
beincludenthelistitemsavailable.GMdswn’t
sellatthemaket,hweve.Ckingdemnstatinsmay
schedulesmeweekends.Meinmatincanfnd
nthecity’swebsite.ismaketwillbeenjybyamilies
thughutthecmmunity.
Self-Assessment pages 166–167
1. a2. b3. b
4. b5. a6. c
7. c8. a9. a
10. b11. b12. b
13. b14. c15. c
Unit 21 Subject Relative Clauses
(Adjective Clauses withSubject Relative Pronouns)
AlternativeEnergySources
Identifying Subject Relative Clauses
1 page 168
HelenandDavidMitchellaepeplewhliveinMichigan.MichiganisaU.S.statethathasveycld
wintes.Inthewinte,theMitchellshadheatingbillswhich weeve$600amnth.eydidalteseachtseehwtheyculdsavemneyntheiheatingbill.Getime
isacmpanythatinstallsatypegethemalenegysystem.Itisasystemwhichisputundegund.Itusesheatmthegundtheatthehme.M.ReynldsisamanwhwksGetime.HecamettheMitchells’husetexplainthesystem,andtheydecidedthaveitinstalled.Ithasbeenveysuccessul.InJanuay,theMitchellshadaheatingbillthatwasnly$115!
2 page 168
2. thathelps3. whlive4. whichis5. thatuns
6. thatinstall7. whichcllects8. whichsaves
3 page 169
2. CleanPweCampaignwasstatedbypeplewh wantedtmakeadieence.
3. CleanPweCampaignemplyeestalktcmpanies whichusealtdityuels.
4. EmplyeeswhwkCleanPweCampaignencuagethsecmpaniestuseenewableenegy.
5. eganizatincntactsgvenmentagencieswhichmakedecisinsabutenegyuse.
6. CleaPweCampaignspeaksttheagenciesnbehalcitizenswhaecncenedabutcleanenegy.
4 page 169
2. wh/thatsupptenvinmentalganizatins pliticalpaties
3. which/thatsellspductssevicesthatdnthamtheenvinment
4. wh/thatwksageenbusinessanenvinmentalganizatin
5. which/thatdesnthamtheenvinmentwhen pducedcnsumed
6. which/thattapthesun’sheatandcauseaiseintempeatue
Nonidentifying Subject Relative Clauses
1 page 170
2. Enegycstscanbeeducedbygeens,whichkeepheatutinthesummeandkeepheatinduingthe
winte.3. Pepleputgadens,whichcanincludeteesand
wes,nthetpsbuildings.4. Teesandlageplantsaegwninnetype
gaden,whichisalscalledanintensivegaden.5. Intensivegadens,whichneedathicklayesil,canseemlikepaksinthesky.
6. Anthekindgaden,whichiscalledanextensivegaden,haslw-gwingplantsinthinsil.
7. Mycusin,whisapesseseachinggeens,gwscatsandpeppesinhisextensivegaden.
2 pages 170–171
2. Ivan’sca,whichisahybid,getsgdgasmileage.3. Ouuncle,whisanelecticalenginee,hasan
electicca.4. eNRGwhich/thatislcatednMainSteetsellsnly
ec-iendlypducts.5. Getime,whichhas30emplyees,installsgethemal
systems.6. Paulina’scewhich/thatisdwntwnusessla
enegy.
Subject Relative Clauses with Whose
1 page 171
Weneedtsupptleadeswhsemaingalis(1)
tuse
enewableenegysuces.AlexNelsn,whsepaents
wn(2)
ageencmpany,isunningmay.Hewks
asalawyeatCawd&Hu.PatCawd,whstated
thelawfmandwhsepacticeis(3)
wellknwn,helps
pesevegeenspaces.Nelsn’sexpeiencemakeshima
geatcandidate.RitaLevins,whsevlunteeactivitiesin
thecmmunity ae(4)
numeus,isalsunningmay.
displayed
included
be sold
be scheduled be ound
enjoyed
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Levins,whseathe haswked(5)
inacalmine,suppts
usingcalasanenegysuce.Shehassevednthetwn
cuncil.Levinsmaybeaqualifedplitician,but
shedesntsupptenewableenegy.JennieChen,
whsecampaignpmises include(6)
supptenewable
enegy,isthethidcandidatemay.Chen,whse
paents wn(7)
agadeningbusiness,hasexpeiencewith
geenissues.Hweve,Chen’smainissueissuppt
educatin,whseunding hasbeencut(8)
.Inmy
pinin,yushuldvteAlexNelsn,whse
expeiencemakes(9)
himthebestpesnthejb.
2 page 172
2. I;eSanchezesaetheamilywhsedeamisthave
anenegy-eicienthuse.3. I;eSanchezamilyaeiendswithsmenewhse
cmpanydesignsenegy-eicienthmes.4. NI;GliaRamiez,whsecmpanyisaamilybusiness,
willdesigntheihme.5. NI;Glia,whsechildenallwkinthebusiness,has
twdaughtesandasn.6. I;Glia’sdaughtewhsespecialtyisec-iendlyhme
designwilldesigntheinteis.7. NI,Glia’ssn,whsespecialtyisgethemalenegy ,
willinstalltheheatingsystem.8. NI;eseelativesmine,whsehmeisbeingbuilt
thisyea,aepleasedwiththeplans.
3 A page 172
2. a3. 4. e
5. b6. c
B page 172
2. LauaAkpemisanachitectwhsedesignageenwnanawad.
3. MacsAvilezisanactwhselatestmvieisabuta wldwideenegycisis.
4. Ec-CaisacacmpanywhsehybidcasaesmethecleanestvehiclessldintheUnitedStates.
5. JamesPetesisapliticianwhsedecisinsledt
cleaneenegythecity.6. GdGeenHmeGupisaemdelingcmpany
whsewindwsaeveyenegy-ecient.
4 page 173
2. wh3. wh4. whse
5. wh6. wh7. whse
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 pages 173–174
2. c3. b4. a5. b
6. a7. c8. c
2 page 174
eeaemanythingsyucandthaveahmewh
helpstheenvinment.Installaslapanelsystem,which
itheatsyuhmewithenegymthesun.Yuculd
alsgetagethemalsystem,whheatsyuhmewith
enegymthegund.Agethemalsystem,whichit
canbeexpensiveatfst,savesmneyvetime.istype
system,whheatsyuhmecheaply,canalscl
yuhme.Yucanfndmanypeplenlinewhichsell
slapanelsandgethemalsystems.Yuculdalsput
ageennyuhme.e,whhelpstheatthe
hme,canalsbeusedagaden.Geens,which
needtbeat,wkbestnnewhmes.Findanachitect
wh’scmpanyspecializesingeenstbuildyu
hme.eeaemanyptinshavingahmethatit
desn’tpllutetheenvinmentandsavesyumneyn
heatingbills.
Self-Assessment pages 174–175
1. c2. c3. b
4. b5. a6. c
7. a8. a9. b
10. c11. c12. a
13. b14. c15. c
Unit 22 Object Relative Clauses
(Adjective Clauses with
Object Relative Clauses)
Biometrics
Indentifying Object Relative Clauses
1 page 176
FensicFilesisappulaTVshw.Itshwscimesthatexpetsslvewithensicscience.Eachepisdeisabutadieentcimewhichsmenehascmmitted.Inmanyepisdes,investigatsuseDNAthatciminalshaveletatthecimescenethelpthemslvethecase.Becauseeachpesn’sDNAisunique,theDNAthattheinvestigatscllectistenimptantevidence.Once
which or that
which
which
who / or that
which
whose
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investigatsfndasuspect,theycanmatchthesuspect’sDNAttheDNAthattheyhaveundatthescene.eDNAcanshwiasuspectwaspesentatacimescene.Hweve,DNAisntthenlyensicevidencethattheseinvestigatsusetslvethecimes.eyalsusefngepints,tpints,andevenclthingfbesthattheyindatthescene.Investigatsntheshwusuallyuseensicstcatchciminals,butntalways.Smethesuspectswhtheyinvestigateaeinncent.Fensicevidence,likeDNA,canhelpshwthat,t.
2 page 176
Fensicscanbeusedtslvecasesthatplicecnside“cld.”Cldcasesaeinvestigatins thatplicehaventbeenabletslve–smetimesve20yeas. Newtechnlgythatinvestigatsdidn’thaveinthe
pastisavailabletday,scimes whichpeplecmmittedmanyyeasagcaneventuallybeslved.Innecase,
plicecllectedevidencemacimethatsmenecmmitted30yeasag.epliceundsmehaiatthecimescene,buttheinvestigatsculdn’tpve whosehaiitwas.ityyeaslate,theDNAinthehai which
theplicehadundwastested.ehaimatchednethesuspect’sDNA,andhewasaestedthecimethathehadcmmittedyeasbee. Cldcaseinvestigatshaveanimptantjb.Peple whoseamilymembesciminalshavehutmayeelsatisfedwhenapesnisaestedevenatemanyyeas.
3 page 177
2. teiblecimeswhich/that/Øpepleaundthewldhavecmmittedaeshwn
3. DayleHinmanisaninvestigatwh/whm/that/Ø viewesseeslvecimeswithensics
4. ensicinvestigatsanalyzedatawhich/that/Øthe
plicefndatthecimescene5. twunusualcimeswhich/that/Øinvestigatsslve withensicsaeshwneachweek
6. amedicalexaminestudiesvictimsevidence which/that/Øsheusestslvecimes
Nonidentifying Object Relative Clauses
1 page 178
2. Lenadbecameinteestedinlinguistics,whichhenwteachesataunivesity.
3. Heenjysteachingensiclinguistics,whichhedescibesasthenewesttlininvestigatins.
4. Lenadthinksthatlanguage,whicheachpesnusesinauniqueway,islikeafngepint.5. Lenad,wh/whmplicesmetimesaskhelp,can
tenidentiypeplebyhwtheywite.6. Lenad,wh/whm Forensic Files nceinteviewed,
hashelpedthepliceslvemanycimes.
2 pages 178–179
2. efstShelckHlmesmystey,whichpeplelikedimmediately,was A Study in Scarlet .orefstShelckHlmesmysteywas A Study in Scarlet ,which
peplelikedimmediately.
3. Hlmes’smstamusdetectivecases,whichheslved withtheuselgic,invlvedensicevidence.
4. D.Watsn,wh/whmDyleusesasthenaatmstthesties,wasHlmes’siendandassistant.
5. In2009,RbetDwney,J.playedthedetectiveinthemvieSherlock Holmes ,whichmillinspepleaundthewldsaw.
Object Relative Clauses as Objectsof Prepositions
1 A–B pages 179–180
2. which/that
3. which
4. which
5. wh/whm/that
6. which/that
7. wh/whm/that
8. which
2 page 180
emvieConviction,inwhichHilaySwankstas,waseleasedin2010.BettyAnneWatesistheeal-liewmannwhmthemvieisbased.BettyAnnefghtstpvehebtheisinncentamudewhichhewascnvicted.Sheenteslawschl,mwhichshegaduatesate
yeasstudy.Sheisdeteminedtpvehebtheisinncentthecimewhichthessayheisguilty.
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 page 181
2. a3. c4. c5. a
6. b7. c8. c
2 page 182
Fensicscience,whmanyinvestigatsusetslve
cimestday,isntanewscience.FtunatusFidelis,
whichpeplecalltheundeensicmedicine,aleadypacticedthistypemedicineinthe1590s.
Fensicmedicine,whatusesmedicalevidencetslve
cimes,haschangedvetheyeas.Heeaesmehistic
develpments:
1. Fingepints,whichciminalsleavethematcime
scenes,becameawaytidentiypepleinthelate
1800s.Hweve,cmputesystemswhatpliceuset
✗
✓
✓
✗
✗
✗
✓
which
who/whom
which
which/that/Ø
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scan,ste,andcmpaefngepintsween’tceated
untilthelasthalthetwentiethcentuy.
2. In1901,KalLandsteinediscveedthatpeplehave
dieentbldtypes.Atethat,investigatsculduse
bldsamplesthattheyundthematcimescenest
eliminatesuspects.
3. Inthe1980s,RayWhiteidentifedimptanteatues
DNA,whinvestigatsnwcllectmalmstevey
mden-daycimescene.In1987,DNAwasfstusedt
pvethataman,whplicethughthadcmmitteda
cime,wasguilty.
Technlgyinensicscienceisalwaysbeing
develped,andtheewillbeevenmeways,thatplice
cancatchciminalsintheutue.
Self-Assessment pages 182–183
1. b2. c3. a
4. b5. b6. a
7. a8. c9. b
10. a11. c12. c
13. b14. b15. c
Unit 23 Relative Clauses with Where
and When; Reduced Relative Clauses
Millennials
Relative Clauses with Where and When
1 page 184
2. when3. when4. whee
5. whee6. when
2 page 184
2. isaplacewheeGenXeshaveintducedmanynewideas
3. isawebsitewheemanyGenXesshp4. aelcatinswheeGenXesliketgnadventue
vacatins
5. aeplaceswheeGenXeswanttwk
3 page 185
2. wheemanyyungpeplecmmunicate.3. whenIntenetusespeadapidly.4. inwhichmsthmeshaveIntenetcnnectins.5. inwhichmstIntenetapplicatinsstattsell.
Reduced Relative Clauses
1 page 185
2. BabyBmesaeptimisticpeple.Mstthemae pepleinthei50sand60s.
3. GenXesaepeplebninthe1960sand1970s.Gen Xesaeexiblepeple.
4. Millennialsaepeplelkingchallenges.eyae
educatedpeple.2 page 186
2. Hissn,atw-yea-ld,isaGenZe.3. TimisdingeseachnChina’sGeneatinY,the
Chinesepst-1980sgeneatin.4. TimundutabutGeneatinYmMichaelStanat,
theauthChina’s Generation Y: Understanding the Future Leaders of the World’s Next Superpower .
5. AccdingtStanat,China’sGeneatinY,anentepeneuialandtech-savvygup,iscmpsedappximately200millinindividuals.
3 pages 186–187
2. eganizesthinkthatmstthepepleattendingthecneenceaeMillennials.
3. eeisamanwitingnametagsattheinmatintable.
4. ewatentheinmatintableistheattendees.5. eeisawmanpassingutthebttleswatebythe
inmatintable.6. ewmanspeakingfstatthecneenceisaleady
nthestage.
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 pages 187–188
2. b3. c4. b5. a
6. a7. b8. c
2 page 188
Ageneatingapisadieenceinvaluesandattitudes
betweentwgeneatins.Scilgists,aepeple
whstudysciety,tenexaminegeneatingaps.e
UnitedStatesisacuntywheehaveundgapsamng
geneatins.
e1960swasadecadeinwhentheewasabig
geneatingapbetweenTaditinalistsandBabyBmes.
Taditinalists,weethepaentstheBabyBmes,
weecnsevative.eichilden,weetheBabyBmes,
wantedtexpesstheipesnaleedm.Itwasapeid
inwhentheyungegeneatinptestedagainstsciety
andgvenment.Bigcitiesweeplaceswheeten
which
sociologists/they
^
the younger generation / people / th
^
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gatheedtptest,smetimesthughmusic.JanBaez,
wasalksinge,sangptestsngs.ManyTaditinalists
didntlike,evenundestand,themusictheichilden
weelisteningt.
Self-Assessment pages 188–189
1. c2. a3. a
4. b5. c6. a
7. c8. a9. b
10. a11. a12. c
13. b14. a15. c
Unit 24 Real Conditionals:
Present and Future
MediaintheUnitedStates
Present Real Conditionals
1 page 190 2. yuae;yushw 3. phtis;ittells 4. Yuneed;yuwant 5. smeneplans;theeae 6. yulk;yuneed 7. apesndesn’t/desntneed;heshehas 8. peplety;theywant 9. yuae;yuhave
2 page 191
2. Ianaveagepesnsubmitsanewssty,anewsganizatincnsidesit.;Anewsganizatincnsidesthestyianaveagepesnsubmitsit.
3. Ithestyisinteesting,anewsganizatintenusesit.;Anewsganizatintenusesthestyiit’s/itisinteesting.
4. Ithenewsganizatinisgd,itcheckstheacts.;enewsganizatincheckstheactsiit’s/itisgd.
5. Ithestiesaen’t/aentbjective,agdnewsganizatindesn’t/desntusethem.;Agdnewsganizatindesn’t/desntusethestiesithey’ent/theyaen’t/theyaentbjective.
3 pages 191–192
2. whatdyud 3. whatnewssucesdyuuse
4. yuwantnewsnsmethingspecifc 5. whathappens 6. yuwanttfndutmeabutasty 7. Whataeyuavitenewssuces 8. yuwanttgetmeinmatin 9. myiendspstinteestingnewssties10. Itenllwup11. yuaehmeatewk 12. dyuwatchthenewsnTV
4 page 192
Answers will vary.
Future Real Conditionals
1 A pages 192–193
2. wait4. wn’t/willntget5. dn’t/dntg6. willbe7. ains
8. will;d 9. is10. ’ll/willputup11. miss12. ’ll/willwatch
B page 193
2. eveni 3. eveni 4. Unless5. Eveni
2 pages 193–194
Answers will vary.
Real Conditionals with Modals,
Modal-like Expressions, and Imperatives
1 page 1942. must3. shuldn’t4. culd5. havet
6. shuld7. might8. can’t
2 pages 194–195
2. Iyuwiteaeview,itculdhelpthepeple.3. Wecan’tpublishyueviewiyudn’tinclude
yuname.4. Whenyuwiteaeviewus,ithastbeewe
than100wdslng.5. Yueviewshuldincludepsitiveandnegative
eedbackiyuaentbiased.
6. Whenyuwiteaeview,llwtheseules.
3 pages 195–196
Answers will vary.
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 page 197
2. a3. b4. c5. b
6. a7. a8. c
2 page 198
Onewaytgetnewsistgetitnyucellphne.I
pepleaenthegtheyliketeadthenewswheeve
theyae.ItheyhavesmatphneswithIntenetsevice
theycanusuallyeadnewsanywhee.Newscmpaniesae
tyingtmakeiteveneasietgetnewsnphnes.Ithey
willmakenewseveneasieteadnasmallsceen,me
peplewilleadit.
, ^
, ^
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Cmpaniescnsidesevealquestinswhenthey
develpstiescellphnes.Fexample,iastyis
lng,peplewilleadit?Ipeplenlywillwanttead
stiesncetaintpics,hwpeplecangetthese
stieseasily?
Iyuwilleadlistentthenewsnyuphne,
theeculdbesmepblems.Fexample,imagineyu
aeutsideduingyulunchbeaktmw,andyu
wanttcatchupnthenews.Whentheweatheisbad
tmw,yupbablywn’tgetgdcellphnesevice.
Yudefnitelywn’tuseyuphneutsidewhenitainsa
lttmw.Ocuse,yuwuldn’teadanewspapein
theain,eithe!
Self-Assessment pages 198–199
1. b2. c3. a
4. a5. b6. a
7. c8. b9. a
10. c11. b12. b
13. c14. b15. a
Unit 25 Unreal Conditionals:
Present, Future, and Past
NaturalDisasters
Present and Future Unreal Conditionals
1 page 200
3. had 4. wuldstay 5. gt 6. wuldclse 7. didn’t/didnthave 8. mightcatchup 9. clsed10. mightntfnish11. wuldn’t/wuldntdive12. wee/was
2 pages 200–201
2. Itheestfecameneatwn,esidentswuldleavetheihmes.orResidentswuldleavetheihmesitheestfescameneatwn.
3. Itheewee/wasatnad,peplewuldgttheibasements.orPeplewuldgttheibasementsitheewee/wasatnad.
4. Iitainedalt,steetsculdd.orSteetsculddiitainedalt.
5. Itheewee/wasahuicane,husesnthebeach wuldbeindange.orHusesnthebeachwuldbeindangeitheewee/wasahuicane.
6. Iwehadaheatwave,manyplantsculddie.orMany plantsculddieiwehadaheatwave.
3 page 201
Possible answers: 2. Iitdidn’tsnwsequently,Iwuldn’thavetcancel
schl.3. Ididn’tmissalagenumbedays,wewuldn’thave
tmakethemupattheendtheyea.4. Isaetyween’tapiity,Iculdkeepschlspen
duingbadweathe.5. Ithecityhadgdsnwemvalequipment,we
wuldn’taltcanceledschldays.6. Ithecityaisedtaxes,weculdbuynewequipment.
4 page 202
Answers will vary.
Past Unreal Conditionals
1 page 203
2. a.Yes b.N3. a.N b.Yes4. a.Yes b.N5. a.Yes b.N
2 page 203
Possible answers:
2. Flightswuldhavecntinuedithesmkeandashhadn’tbeensthickintheai.
3. Flightswuldn’thavestppedithepiltshadbeenabletsee.
4. Manytuistswuldhavewnhmeitheaiptshadn’tclsed.
5. ecatastphewuldn’thaveaectedsmanycuntiesinEupeithewindhadn’tbeensstng.
3 page 204
2. hadslwed;culd/might/wuldhavestayed3. wuldn’t/wuldnt/mightnthavegtten;
hadclsed
4. hadseen;wuldn’t/mightnthavestepped5. culd/might/wuldhavegne;hademembeed
4 page 205
Answers will vary.
will
^ can
^
I
I
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Wishes About the Present, Future,
and Past
1 pages 205–206
2. hadbeen3. ween’t/weentainingorwasn’t/wasntaining 4. hadn’t/hadntmade5. culdeschedule
6. wee/was7. wuldpmte8. culdask 9. culdtalk
2 page 206
Possible answers: 2. IwishthatIhadn’tletmyumbellaathme.3. IwishthatIculdgutsideandplayscceightnw.4. Iwishthattheainwuldstp.5. Iwishthatitdidn’taineveyweekhee.6. Iwishthatmyainbtsdidn’thavehlesinthem.7. IwishthatIculdgtthepaktday.
8. Iwishitweewintenw.
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 page 207
2. b3. a4. b5. a
6. c7. a8. c
2 page 208
Iitisn’tatagicevent,nnewuldknw
abutJeSimpsn.In1985,JeSimpsnandSimn YatesweeclimbingamuntainintheAndes.Iablizzad
didn’thappen,thetipmighthaveendedwithutany
pblems.etwclimbesgttthetpthemuntain,
buttheyhadpblemsnthewaydwn.Iithadn’tbeen
icy,Jewuldn’thaveslipped.Hweve,itwasicy,andJe
slippedandbkehisleg.Heculdhaveclimbeddwnthe
muntainihadn’tgttentheinjuy.BecauseJeculdn’t
walk,SimnlweedJedwnthemuntainnape.
Whentheyweealmstbacktthecamp,Jeslipped
again.Hewasdanglingnthepevetheedgethe
muntain.Heculdhaveclimbedupthepeihadhad
thestength.Itheweathedidn’tdamageSimn’shands,
hemighthavebeenabletpullJeup.Simnheldnt
thepesevealhus,buthefnallyhadtcutthe
pe.HethughtJehaddied,butJewasntdead.He
hadallenmethan100eet,butevenwithhishutleg,he
hadmanagedtclimbtsaetyandgetbacktthecamp.
In1988,JeSimpsnwteabk,calledTuching
theVid,abuttheexpeience.Ithebkwasn’tahuge
success,themvieabuttheclimbmightnthavebeen
made.IwishthatIdidntseethemviebeeIeadthe
bk.IalswishIwenttthemviewithaiend.Itwas
ightening!Ocuse,itwasinspiing,t.IIamyu,
Iwuldentthemvietday!
Self-Assessment pages 208–209
1. c2. b
3. a
4. c5. b
6. c
7. b8. b
9. a
10. c11. a
12. b
13. c14. c
15. a
Unit 26 Conjunctions
GlobalizationofFood
Connecting Words and Phrases
with Conjunctions
1 A page 210
2. 3. and4. 5. and
6. 7. and8.
B page 211
2. but/and3. but/and4. and5.
6. but7. but8. 9. but
2 page 211
2. n;is3. ;is4. butals;adds
5. n;sunds6. and;ae
3 page 212
2. Attheestauants,yucanhaveeithesavycêpessweetcêpes.orAttheestauants,yucanhaveeithesavysweetcêpes.
3. ecêpesaentnlyinexpensivebutalslage.4. Bththechclate(cêpes)andthestawbeycêpes
aedelicius.5. NeitheceenteaiseeatLaCêpeie.
wasn’t
hadn’t/had not happened
he
^
he
^ hadn’t/had not damaged
hadn’t/had not been
hadn’t/had not seen
had gone
were/was
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Connecting Sentences
with Coordinating Conjunctions
1 pages 212–213
2. and3. but4. s5. but
6. but7. and8. but9. s
2 page 213
2. but3. s4. yet
5. 6. yet
3 page 213
2. Mexicandisppulaandenjyedbypepleinmanycunties.
3. aidcanbeundinmanyplacesandisusuallysimilatthedinailand.
4. IndianestauantsaecmmninEnglandandundinmanythecunties.
5. YushuldtyFenchdinFanceandhaveitinCanada.
Reducing Sentences with Similar Clauses
1 page 214
2. is;t3. haven’t;eithe4. s;was5. wee;,t6. ween’t
7. wee 8. neithe;des/d 9. wn’t;eithe10. s;ae
2 page 215
2. Sisthelamb.;elambis,t.3. Neitheisthechicken.;echickenisn’t,eithe.4. Sisthesteak.;esteakis,t.5. Swasthesteak.;esteakwas,t.6. Neithewasthefsh.;efshwasn’t,eithe.7. Neithewasthelamb.;elambwasn’t,eithe.8. Swasthechicken.;echickenwas,t.
3 pages 215–216
Answers will vary.
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 pages 216–2172. c3. b4. a5. c
6. b7. a8. c
2 page 217
PlaceslikeFlidaandCaliniacangwuit
yea-und,butplaceslikeNewYkandMinnesta
canntbecausetheclimateistcld.Fexample,
angesdntgwincldclimates,andlemnsdnt,
t.Hweve,eitheangesandlemnscanbeundin
supemaketsallyeaund.Wheedtheycmem?
Mstsupemaketsinplaceswithcldwintesimptd
mtheplaces.OangesaegwninCalinia,andae
shippedtplaceslikeNewYk.
eeaesmeuitsthatdntgwwellinwamand
cldclimatesintheUnitedStates.eee,manyuits
aeimptedmthecunties.Fexample,eithe
PeuandMexicexptavcadsttheUnitedStates.
DuianisntnativettheUnitedStates,andpassinuit
isnt,t.DuianistenimptedmMalaysiaand
Indnesia,andpassinuitisimptedmNewZealand
andBazil.Lycheeisantheuitthatisntveycmmn
intheUnitedStates.ItisgwninsmeaeastheUnitedStates,butismainlyimptedmplaceslikeChina.
eseexticuitsusuallycanntbeundinsmalltwns
andsmallecities.Hweve,supemaketsinbiggecities
usuallysellthem.
Self-Assessment pages 218–219
1. a2. b3. a
4. c5. c6. a
7. a8. a9. c
10. b11. c12. b
13. b14. b15. a
Unit 27 Adverb Clauses and Phrases
Consumerism
Subordinators and Adverb Clauses
1 page 220
2. since3. while4. Althugh5. Eventhugh
6. Because
7. While 8. since 9. While10. as
2 page 221
2. Althugh/Eventhugh/ugh/While;183. while;174. Althugh/Eventhugh/ugh/While;135. When;56. because/since;4
either both
or
both
either
or
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Reducing Adverb Clauses
1 page 222
Chistinaisapesnalshppewhwksa
businesswman,Ms.Adams.Becausesheisverybusy ,
Ms.Adamsdesnthavetimetshp.Chistinades
mstheshpping.Sincesheisasuccessful
businesswoman,Ms.Adamstenhastgtevents.
Chistinapicksutdessesandsheshe.Chistinaals
getsgceiesMs.Adams. WhileshegetsMrs.Adams
groceries,Chistinaalsdeshewnshpping.Chistina
statedwkingMs.Adamsaftershestartedcollege.
Becauseshehasearnedenoughmoneyforhertuition,
Chistinawillfnishschlthisyea.
Davidisalsapesnalshppe,buthisjbisdieent
mChistina’s.Davidgesshppingeldely
peple.Becausetheyarehomebound,hisclientshave
dicultyleavingtheihuses.Daviddestheigcey
shppingandalsbuystheitemsthem.Onehis
clients,M.Mtn,saidthatDavidhaschangedhislie.
Sincehehadastroketwoyearsago,M.Mtnhas
hadtublewalking.Hischildendidhisshppinghim
beforetheyrealizedaservicecoulddoit.Nwwhentheyvisittheiathe,theycanspendtimewithhiminstead
dingeandshim.
2 pages 222–223
2. Havingbught100paisshes,shedidn’thavemtheminheclset.
3. Whileshppingagithesiste,shebughttheenewpaisshes.
4. Shestatedbuyingshesbeegettingajb.5. Beingcaingpeple,hepaentsweewied
abuthe.6. Havingeadanaticleabutshppingaddicts,he
athesuggestedteatment.7. Melissaageedtgethelpateealizingshehada
pblem.8. Nwshetakesnlythemneysheneedsbeegingt
themall.
3 page 223
Answers will vary.
Subordinators to Express Purpose
1 pages 223–224
2. t3. t4. s5. indet
6. sthat7. s8. t
2 page 224
2. Santiagbuysldguitassthathecanfxthem.3. DaeJinandAlexbuycncetticketstsellthemtthei
iends.4. Gabielabuysnewclthessshecanhavethelatest
style.5. Chuckbuyscmicbksindetaddthemthis
cllectin.6. SfaandYingbuyatsuppliessthattheycanmake
bithdaycadstsell.
3 page 224
Answers will vary.
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 page 225
2. b3. c4. a5. b
6. c7. c8. a
2 page 226
Eveneveynespendsmneydieently,eseachshws
theeisacmmnpattenspendingvealietime:
• Fmages18t22,pepledntspendaltmney.
Yungpepletendnthavealtmneytspend.
Becausetheyaeinschlgettingtheifstjb.
• Peplewhae22t30spendalittlememney.
Althughtheystilldntspendthatmuch.F
example,pepleinthei20stencanntadtbuy
huseswhennteanaltmney.Asaesult,they
tendtentapatments.
• Fmages31t40,peplespendmemney.eyusuallyhavememneytspend.Becausetheyhave
beenwkingawhile.Hweve,eventhughthey
makememney,theytenhaveahadtimesaving
mney.
• Reseachshwsthatpepleinthei40sspendthemst
mney.Manypepleinthisageguphavechilden,s
theyhavetbuythingstheentieamily.
Being very busy
Being a successul businesswoman
While getting Mrs. Adams groceries
ater starting college
Having earned enough money or her tuition
Being homebound
Since having a stroke two years ago
beore realizing a service could do it
Even though
spend becaus
money although
earning
spend because
even though
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• Pepleinthei50sspendlessmneythanthseinthei
40seventheytenhavememneythanwhenthey
weeyunge.Onetheeasnsisthat,eventhugh
theymaycntinuewking,theyaetentyingtsave
mneyetiement.
• Pepleve60spendtheleastamuntmney.Many
pepleinthisagegupaentwkinganymeate
haveetied,stheyaeusuallyaaidspendingmuch
mney,eventheyhavesavedmneymstthei
lives.
Self-Assessment pages 226–227
1. b2. c3. b
4. a5. c6. c
7. a8. b9. a
10. b11. c12. c
13. b14. b15. a
Unit 28 Connecting Information
with Prepositions and Transitions
TechnologyinEntertainment
Connecting Information with Prepositions
and Prepositional Phrases
1 page 228
2. Because 3. Aswellas
4. Instead 5. except
6. Inadditint7. instead
8. Despite9. inspite
2 page 229
2. insteadananimatedmvie3. inspitehedietorinspitebeingnadiet4. aswellassmechclate5. duetthebadseatsorduetthetheatehavingbad
seats6. asaesultsittingtclsetthesceen
3 pages 229–230
Possible answers:
2. AllthemviesIwnaeliveactinexcept Hop.3. Hopisasweetmviebesidesbeingveyunny.4. Hophasanimatedchaactesinitinadditint“eal”
acts.5. emainacttalkstthepepleaswellastan
animatedbunny.
4 page 230
Answers will vary.
Connecting Information
with Transition Words
1 pages 230–231
2. Secnd,J.StuatBlacktnmadethefstanimatedflmbyusingdawingsnablackbad.
3. en/Next,/Atethat,ÉmileChlceatedanealyanimatedflm,usingpapecututs.
4. en/Next,/Atethat,WinsMcCaymadeananimatedcatnwith10,000dawings.5. en/Next,/Atethat,thefstull-lengthanimated
mviewasmadeinAgentinabyQuiinCistiani.6. Finally,WaltDisneypducedthefstanimated
catnwithsynchnizedsund.
2 page 231
2. Inadditin/Meve3. Asaesult/Cnsequently 4. theee/asaesult5. Meve/Futheme6. Incntast/Onthethehand
7. Inadditin/Futheme8. Tsummaize/Incnclusin
3 page 232
2. Mstdanceappsnlyshwsteps.Incntast,U-Danceshwsause’smvements.
3. Ithughttheappwuldntbegdexecise.Hweve,Igtagdwkut.
4. U-Danceisee.eee,yuhaveneasnnttgetit.
5. Tsummaize,it’seasytuse,un,andee.It’sageatapp.
Avoid Common Mistakes
1 pages 232–233
2. a3. c4. b5. b
6. b7. b8. c
2 page 233
Despiteitisaelativelyyungcmpany,Pixahasbeen
veysuccessul.InspitehehadagdjbatDisney,
JhnLassetelethisjbtstatacmputeanimatin
cmpanywithGegeLucasin1984.ecmpanylate
becamePixa.In1986,Pixaeleaseditsfstanimated
shtflm,whichwascalled Luxo Jr .In1987, Luxo Jr .
wasnminatedanAcademyAwadaswellasitwas
nminatedaGldenGateAwad.ItwntheGlden
even though
even though
having
even though
being
having
being
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GateAwad.Inthethehand,itdidntwintheAcademy
Awad.In1989,Pixastatedmakingcmmecialsin
additintitmadeflms.Inthe1990s,Pixacntinued
makingshtflmsaswellasitmadecmmecials.In
additintPixa’sshtflms,thecmmecialsalswn
awads.
In1995,Pixa’sToy Story wasahugesuccessatthe
bxce.Inadditin,itwasthewld’sfstull-length
mviecmpletelyanimatedncmputes.Intheyeast
cme,PixamadeToy Story 2 andToy Story 3.Toy Story 3
madeevenmemneythantheveysuccessulToy Story
andToy Story 2 cmbined.Incnclusin,Pixahashad
antasticsuccesswithmanyitsmviesandcmmecials
andhaswnalagenumbeawadsvetheyeas.
Self-Assessment pages 234–235
1. c2. b3. a
4. c5. c6. a
7. b8. c9. a
10. c11. a12. c
13. b14. b15. a
On
making
making