Transcript of Fungus. Evolution Diverged 1.5 billion years ago Gymnosperms - 300 mya First land plants – 500 mya...
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- Fungus
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- Evolution Diverged 1.5 billion years ago Gymnosperms - 300 mya
First land plants 500 mya 400 mya current phyla emerged After the
Permian-Triassic extinction 251.4 mya, fungus ruled the world....
Fossil record is scant because fungus are so mysterious.... And
they dont biomineralize. Est. 1.5 to 5 million species only 5% have
been formally classified!
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- Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota
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- Ecological Importance Decomposition Symbiosis with plants
(mycorrhizae)
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- Economic Importance FermentationFood
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- Economic Importance: Antibiotics
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- Characteristcs of fungi Feed by absorption Most are
multicellular Thread-like filaments called hyphae Hyphae organized
into mycelium Asexual and sexual reproduction Chitin cell
walls
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- Fusion of cytoplasm Heterokaryotic stage Fusion of nuclei
Diploid stage Haploid stage
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- Ballistospores 30,000 species (at least) have the capability to
shoot spores Pilobolus can fire spores at 20,000 Gs. This is only
slightly faster than a bullet. Nothing else in biology comes
close.
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- Zygomycota Zygote fungi Rhizopus stolonifer Pilobolus
crystallinus
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- Ascomycota: Sac fungi Peziza Morels Ergot Penicillium
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- Ergot alkaloids Responsible for Salem witch trials? Ergotamine
is a precursor to LSD
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- Basidiomycota: Club fungi
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- Pileus Stipe Gills
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- basidium
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- Fungi imperfecti (once called Deuteromycota) Imperfect or
asexual fungi Reproduce only vegetatively (asexually) Many human
diseases are imperfect fungi Athletes foot, ringworm, candida yeast
infections A fungi from this group (penicillium) is used to make
Roquefort and blue cheeses
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- Lichen a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae or
cyanobacteria (commonly Nostoc)
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- Fungi Similarities All are composed of eukaryotic cells
(nucleus + organelles) All are heterotrophic (derive energy from
other organisms) Absorptive nutrition (they dont chew. they
absorb.) All have cell walls made of chitin.