Post on 09-Jun-2015
description
Fungus Among Us
7th Grade Life ScienceMr. McKay
Forms• There are 3 forms of Fungus
– Sac– Club– Zygospore
How Fungus Get Energy
• Heterotrophs– Carnivorous– Parasite
• Cordyceps Fungus
– Symbiosis– Decomposers
Structure• Most are Multi-cellular
– few are unicellular• Yeast
• Plantlike– Do not move
• Have a cell wall
Fungus Reproduction
• Fruiting Body– Produces spores
• Spores– Tiny cells enclosed in a protective cell wall
• Budding– Yeasts
Forms:Mushrooms• Structure
– Stalk– Ring– Cap
• Cap Spores• Gills
– Hyphae
Mushroom Madness
Toadstool Vs. Mushroom
• “Toadstool“– Often, but not
exclusively, applied to poisonous mushrooms
– German "todesstuhl" translates as "death's stool“
– The classic example of a toadstool is Amanita muscaria.
Forms:Mold
• Molds– Include all species of
microscopic fungi that grow in the form of multicellular filaments, called hyphae
• threadlike structures that anchor and transport food to other parts of fungus
•Mold Spore
•Molds reproduce through small spores
•Some can remain airborne indefinitely, and many are able to survive extremes of temperature and pressure
Mold Video
Sir Alexander Fleming• Scottish scientist
– 1928, Discovered a substance by the mold Penicillium could kill certain bacteria that were associated with infections
Fleming VideoHyphae Spores
Forms:
Yeast• Single Celled– Bread dough
rises as yeast grows and produces carbon dioxide
– Reproduce by budding
Fungi Affects on Other Organisms
• Disease in plants – Destroy plants and crops
• Corn Smut
• Produce toxins – Can injure or kill humans
and animals • Aflatoxin can cause cancer
– Produced in stored grain when moist
• Ergot – replaces grains of rye with poison spikes causes hallucinations and convulsions
Disease in Humans
• Athletes Foot
• Ringworm
• Thrush
• Valley Fever
Helpful Fungus• Fungus – root
association – Mycorrhizae- a symbiotic
association between a fungus and the roots of a plant
• Help host gather nutrients
• Protect from disease caused by other fungi
– Helpful fungi coat about 80% of the world’s plants
– Fairy Rings• Some mycorrhizae send
up mushrooms or puffballs
Lichens• Lichens are very diverse in their environment
– Lichens are made of fungus and alga– Very hot to very cold, neither of which either could live
in alone
• Fungus and alga live together – Alga
• Uses sunlight to produce food• Lacks true roots, stems, and leaves
– Fungi • Provides water and minerals • Absorbed from what it may be growing on
– Pioneers• One of first living organisms rocky barren areas
Decomposers • Some fungi the parasitic and
mutualistic symbionts, obtain their nutrients from living organisms.
• This activity of fungi is essential for the continuation of life on earth. The fungi play an important part in degrading these molecules and thereby replenishing the carbon dioxide of the atmosphere.
• Without degradative processes, life on earth would probably come to an end after a few decades because of the accumulation of plant remains and lack of free atmospheric carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.
Fungus as Food• Fungi have been exploited since ancient times to
produce various types of foods and beverages. – Ancient Egyptians regarded fermentation as a gift from
the god Osiris– Where as ancient Romans attributed the appearance
of mushrooms and truffles to lightening bolts cast to the earth by Jupiter
– Today there are hundreds of food products which involve the use of a fungal organism for their production.
• Examples of such food products are: fermented beverages, mushrooms, soy sauce and aged cheeses.
Truffle Farming
Fungus in Man