LABORATORY MANUAL

FUNDAMENTAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

B.TECH

6TH SEMESTER

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

JHARKHAND RAI UNIVERSITY

KAMRE, RANCHI

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

1. To implement Amplitude modulation & verify it.

2. To implement Amplitude demodulation & verify it.

3. To implement Frequency modulation & verify it.

4. To implement Frequency demodulation & verify it.

5. To implement Pulse Amplitude modulation & verify it.

6. To implement demodulation of PAM & verify it.

7. To implement Pulse Width modulation & verify it.

8. To demonstrate the different types of Antenna.

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EXPERIMENT NO-8

AIM- To Demonstrate the different types of Antenna.

THEORY- An Antenna is a device which converts electric power into radio waves.It is used in radio transmitter or receiver.

Antenna can be classified into various ways:-

1)Isotropic

2)Monopole

3)Dipole

4)Yagi-Uda

5)Array-Antenna

6)Loop Antenna

7)Aperture Antenna

8)Travelling wave Antenna

Isotropic- An Isotropic antenna is a hypothetical antenna that radiates equal signal power in all directions.It is used to calculate the gain of real antenna.

Figure-Isotropic Antenna

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Monopole - consists of a single radiating element such as metal rod.It is used as non-directional antennas in HF,VHF & UHF bands.

Figure-Monopole Antenna

Dipole – consists of two symmetrical radiators such as metal wires.

Figure-Dipole Antenna

Yagi-Uda Antenna- consists of multiple half wave dipole elements in a line with a single driven element & multiple parasitic elements.

Figure-Yagi-uda Antenna

Array Antenna- consists of multiple antennas working as a single antenna.They consists of arrays of identical driven element.

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Figure-Array Antenna

Loop Antenna- consists of a loop or coil or wire.Loops with circumference of a wavelength or larger act similarly to dipole antennas.Loops small in a comparison to a wavelength act differently.

Figure- Loop antenna

Aperture Antenna- Aperture antennas are the main type of directional antennas used at microwave frequencies.They consists of small dipole or loop antenna.

Figure-Aperture Antenna

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Travelling wave Antenna- They are non-resonant.So they have inherently broad bandwidth.

Figure-Travelling wave Antenna

RESULT : The types of Antenna has been demonstrated.

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