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Chapter 2Lab 2.1

HOSTING YOUR SITE

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CONTENTS

• Hosting Options

• UNIX or NT

• Sizing a Server

• Domain Names

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Lab 2.1:How are Sites Hosted?• Host

– A computer connected to the Internet with an address

• A web server is a host

– Where can you locate your web server?

– How can you connect your web server to the Internet?

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Hosting Options

• Set up your own web server

• Co-location

• Virtual host

• Personal-Page sites (ISP)

• Free-Page sites

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Hosting Options- Your Own Web Server

• Gives you complete control over your site

• Need to purchase a suitable machine, get it connected to the Internet and make sure it is properly backed up, secured and monitored.

• Having your own machine gives you the best flexibility

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Your Own Web Server Issues

• Cost of server hardware and software

• Operations– Backup– 24/7– Power Supplies

• Security– Protecting your server– Protecting other peoples’ resources

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Co-Located/Dedicated Server

• If the flexibility of having your own machine is appealing but the price of a high-speed connection is prohibitive, consider a co-located server

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Co-located Server Issues

• You must supply the server

• You must administer

• Fees to ISP for service

• BUT- Good connectivity to Internet

- No local floor-space required

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Dedicated Server Issues

• Not your own server

• Fees to ISP service

• BUT– Much easier to set up– 24/7 support– Good connectivity to the Internet

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Virtual Hosts

• Allows you to have your own domain and it’s fairly inexpensive

• Must share a machine with other domains

• Cheaper than a dedicated server

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Virtual Host Issues

• Shared server

• Limited or no server programming access

• Standard solutions

• BUT– Inexpensive– Good connectivity to Internet

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Personal-Page Site

• Most ISPs will not let you register a domain name for your personal page

• A personal page is good for just that: Personal use

• ISP standard offering

• Very limited storage

• Not for commercial use

• May be free with some ISPs

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Free-Page Site

• An option if you have a particularly tight budget or just want some Web space to play around with

• A number of companies provide free Web space– Examples: Blogspot.com, Wetpaint.com

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Free-Page Site Issues

• Probably won’t support server-side scripting, Ecommerce or other tools

• May not be able to FTP files to the server or limited

• May have to create all the pages manually

• Limited size

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Lab 2.2 – Hosting your Own Server

• Objectives– Understand what is required to put a server

On the Internet

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What’s it used for

• You should determine the main purpose of your server

• Typically, if you’re setting up a Web server, you’ll have some business justification for it

• Money-selling products on a Web site

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Getting Connected-1

Requirements needed:

• Bandwidth• Amount of data that can be carried out from one

point to another

• Modem connections• Great for setting up a small server

• Cheap

• Easy to set up

• Don’t require any other fancy network hardware or wiring

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Getting Connected-2

• ISDN• Provide more than twice the bandwidth of a 56K

model• Only piece of hardware required to hook up a

single server• Costs slightly more thank a normal modem• Service is more expensive also

• Cable and DSL• Becoming more widely available • Increasingly affordable

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Getting Connected-3

• T-1 and T-3 connection– More bandwidth than DSL can provide – These connection use twisted-pair cable – Typically provided by telephone companies

• OC line– Optical connection– Faster connection than T-1 and T-3

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Networking• Static IP Address

- needed for a web server

- never changes

- allows other domains to connect to your server

• Dynamic IP address

- different on each dial-up

- acceptable for dial-up Internet access

- inappropriate for running web based services

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Router and DNS

• Router– A device that sends packets from one network

to another– Router knows which packets are local to your

internal network and which should be forwarded to your ISP

• Domain Name System (DNS)– Allows us to access computers on the Internet

via a name and not just an IP address

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Server Hardware

• Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)– Will keep your server running during brief power

outages– A good UPS, will tell your server to shut down

gracefully during a power outage – And bring it back up once power is returned– Will also condition the power, making sure that the

voltage doesn’t fluctuate

• System RAM– Will give better and faster processor speed

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Lab 2.3 – UNIX vs. NT

• After completing– Understand the Major differences between

Windows NT and UNIX– Determine which Operating System best fits

your needs

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UNIX

• Created by AT&T Bell La in 1960s• Has supported TCP/IP networking for a long

time• Network functionality is built into the OS nicely• Designed from the beginning to be a multiuser,

multitasking operating system• Allows many people to use a single machine,

and many programs to run simultaneously

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UNIX-1

• Very scalable– Scalability- a term used to describe how well

your OS and applications will run on a wide range of hardware configuration

• Primarily a command-driven, text-based operating systems

• Examples:– Sun’s Solaris, IBM AIX, HP-UX, SGI IRIX,

FreeBSD, SCO and Linux

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LINUX

• A version of UNIX• Was created in the 1990s as a small project by a

computer science student in Finland• Source code is freely available• Works well on limited hardware• Robusts• Very versatile• Requires investment in learning• Becoming extremely popular for web server

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Windows NT

• Closed-proprietary

• Limited hardware platform choice

• GUI oriented

• Easy to learn

• Getting more robust

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Networking

• P2P networking– Each PC can initiate a connection with any

other computer on the network– Sharing of information

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Security

• If your server is going to be accessible on the Internet, you need to be concerned about the security of your machine.

• NT and UNIX Security– Provide access permissions to control access

to file by system users

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Don’t be state of the Art

• You may be tempted to upgrade your server’s OS when a new revision comes out or install the newest major release of server software right way– DON’T BE!!!

• Contains bug• Unrealible

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Lab 2.4- Sizing your Server

• If you are running your own server, you need to be on the lookout for performance problems

• Is the network saturated with traffic?

• Is the server running near capacity?

• If your site is hosted on an ISPs machine

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BANDWIDTH and NETWORK CAPACITY

• Bandwidth– Used to describe the capacity or speed of a

network

NETWORK CONNECTIONS PEAK HTTPOPS/SEC

56K modem 0.5

T1 10

T3 300

OC3 900

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BANDWIDTH and NETWORK CAPACITY

• Network Capacity– To get a feel for how many people are visiting

your site, check the Web Server Log files

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Server Performance

• Very often the bottleneck for your Web server is the network connection to the Internet

• Even a small, inexpensive machine can keep up with a large number of hits.

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Lab 2.5 Domain Names

• One key to having a good site• Allows people to access your site easily by

pointing their browsers at your domain• All must have IP addresses but names are easier

to remember• Makes a statement about your site before a user

even views it• Your domain name is owned by you, you can

change ISPs without having to change your address

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Domain Names

• Top-level domain category

.com Commercial domains

.org Nonprofit organisations

.net Companies that supports networks

.edu Educational institution

.gov US Federal govt agencies

.mil US Military organization

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TLD- by countries

• Different countries used different domains

• Your organization may need to be geographically located in that particular country

.us United States

.au Australia

.ca Canada

.jp Japan

.sw

.ukSwedenUnited Kingdom

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Registering a Domain

• Available on first-come, first server basis

• If registered already, purchase the rights to the name from the current owner

• You’ll need a few things to register a domain:– A domain name that hasn’t already been registered– A Valid email address– Name and addresses of your Primary and

Secondary DNS servers– A Credit Card(pay online)

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Maintaining Your Domain

• Once registration of your domain is complete, its up to your ISP to add your domain and IP addresses to their name server

• Network Solutions– Uses email address as authentication– Check the ISP changes

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The End