FRBR 20 years onFRBR 20 years onKaren CoyleKaren Coyle

Rome, Feb. 2014Rome, Feb. 2014

FRBR TimelineFRBR Timeline

1990 – Stockholm meeting1990 – Stockholm meeting

1992 – Terms of reference completed1992 – Terms of reference completed

1994? – First draft for comment1994? – First draft for comment

1998 – Final draft1998 – Final draft

2009 – Current draft2009 – Current draft

Stated goalsStated goals

Develop a framework for understanding Develop a framework for understanding purposes of the bibliographic recordpurposes of the bibliographic record

Recommend basic level of functionality for Recommend basic level of functionality for national library bibliographic recordsnational library bibliographic records

Develop core-level standard to reduce Develop core-level standard to reduce cataloging costscataloging costs

Ensure that records meet user needsEnsure that records meet user needs

Leading up Leading up to FRBRto FRBR

The rise of the work in The rise of the work in the 20the 20thth century century

Levels of bibliographic Levels of bibliographic abstractionabstraction

Collocation of Collocation of works works (Lubetzky)(Lubetzky)

Expansion of catalogs to the “2Expansion of catalogs to the “2ndnd kind of kind of power” (Wilson)power” (Wilson)

Addition of the Addition of the work work to cataloging with to cataloging with uniform titles in AACRuniform titles in AACR

BibliographiBibliographic c

relationshipsrelationships

Tillett’s doctoral Tillett’s doctoral dissertation and life’s dissertation and life’s

workwork

NY1969

NY1969

NY 1969

NY 1969

TO1969

TO1969

LO1969

LO1969

NY1971

NY1971

NY1970

NY1970

Ont1988

Ont1988

Ont1982

Ont1982

Ont1973

Ont1973

Ont1977

Ont1977

Fr Trans1990

Fr Trans1990

Fr Trans1985

Fr Trans1985

“The Studhorse Man”as a Wilsonian family

Smiraglia, 2001

Bibliographic Families Bibliographic Families (Wilson)(Wilson)

“A library is a growing organism”S.R. Ranganathan

E-R modelE-R model

Required methodology in Terms of Reference Required methodology in Terms of Reference document, 1992document, 1992

Derived from database design methodologyDerived from database design methodology

Identify entitiesIdentify entities

Explore relationshipsExplore relationships

Define attributesDefine attributes

“FRBR is not a data model. FRBR is not a metadata scheme. FRBR is not a system design structure. It is a conceptual model of the bibliographic universe.” B. Tillett, 2005

“FRBR is not a data model. FRBR is not a metadata scheme. FRBR is not a system design structure. It is a conceptual model of the bibliographic universe.” B. Tillett, 2005

E-R modeling for E-R modeling for database designdatabase design

Conceptual modelConceptual modelmain entities and relationships, macro level; main entities and relationships, macro level; not actionable; independent of technologynot actionable; independent of technology

Logical modelLogical modeladds detail; resolves links; defines values; adds detail; resolves links; defines values; normalizes; operational in terms of applicationsnormalizes; operational in terms of applications

Physical modelPhysical modeldescribes a database, with tables, keys, describes a database, with tables, keys, normalized data; responsive to applications.normalized data; responsive to applications.

ResultsResults142 pages of 142 pages of texttext

3 diagrams3 diagrams

Reading E-RReading E-R

Ron Murray “From Moby Dick to Mashups”

Alternate modelsAlternate models

Event-driven modelsEvent-driven models

Content-emphasizing modelsContent-emphasizing models

Models that categorize more than describeModels that categorize more than describe

FRBRCore and the linked data cloudFRBRCore and the linked data cloud

actors and actionsactors and actions

In music, In music, expression often a expression often a performance by performance by someone other someone other than creatorthan creator

Manifestation is Manifestation is usually the action usually the action of a third party of a third party (except in fine art)(except in fine art)

FRBRooFRBRooCIDOC Conceptual CIDOC Conceptual Reference ModelReference Model

byby

International Council of International Council of Museums Museums

FRBRooFRBRoo

Object-oriented modelObject-oriented model

Coordinates CRM & Coordinates CRM & FRBR conceptsFRBR concepts

Multiple layers of works Multiple layers of works and expressionsand expressions

Published and non-Published and non-published workspublished works

<indecs> event-<indecs> event-orientedoriented

content and carriercontent and carriervariationsvariations

Expression-Expression-Level Level

Bibliographic Bibliographic RecordRecord

Shoichi TaniguchiShoichi Taniguchicontentcontent

carriercarrier

classes and classes and categorizaticategorizati

onon

Semantic Publishing and Semantic Publishing and ReferencingReferencing

SPARSPAR

Publishing materials, Publishing materials, mostly texts, in the mostly texts, in the

academic environmentacademic environment

FaBiO, the FRBR-FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic aligned Bibliographic

OntologyOntology

treats WEMI as classestreats WEMI as classes

sub-classes sub-classes bibliographic types to bibliographic types to W E MW E M

Manifestation is Manifestation is physical description physical description onlyonly

Work sub-classes announcement, artistic work, biography, case for support, correction, critical edition, dataset, essay, examination paper, grant application, image, instructional work, metadata, model, opinion, policy, proposition, questionnaire, reference work, reply, report, research paper, review, sound recording, specification, vocabulary, work collection, work package, working paper

Expression sub-classes Gantt chart, abstract, addendum, article, audio document, book, brief report, call for applications, case for support document, chapter, comment, computer program, conference paper, conference poster, cover, data file, data management plan, database, dust jacket, e-mail, editorial, excerpt, expression collection, figure, grant application document, index, instruction manual, lecture notes, letter, manuscript, metadata document, movie, news item, oration, patent application document, patent document, periodical issue, periodical volume, personal communication, policy document, presentation, project plan, quotation, rapid communication, report document, repository, spreadsheet, structured summary, supplement, supplementary information file, table, vocabulary document, vocabulary mapping document, web content, workshop paper

Manifestation sub-classesanalog manifestation, digital manifestationmanifestation, manifestation collection

Manifestation sub-classesanalog manifestation, digital manifestationmanifestation, manifestation collection

:article a fabio:JournalArticle ;dc:title "Nicotinamide-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (2/1)" ;dcterms:creator [ a foaf:Person ;

foaf:name "Johnston, B.F." ] ;dcterms:creator [ a foaf:Person ;foaf:name "Florence, A.J." ] ;

dc:rights <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/uk> ;dc:language "en" ;fabio:hasPublicationYear "2009" ;fabio:publicationDate "2009-04-01" ;frbr:embodiment :printedArticle , :webArticle ;frbr:partOf :issue ;fabio:doi "10.1107/S1600536809007594" ;

:volume a fabio:JournalVolume ;prism:volume "65" ;frbr:partOf :journal .

:issue a fabio:JournalIssue ;prism:issueIdentifier "4" ;frbr:partOf :volume

FaBIO’s Expression ~ FaBIO’s Expression ~ Taniguchi’s Taniguchi’s

FRBRCore (in RDF)FRBRCore (in RDF)

Developed by Ian Davis and Richard Newman Developed by Ian Davis and Richard Newman in 2005in 2005

Not sanctioned by IFLANot sanctioned by IFLA

Used by FaBiO, Scholarly Works Application Used by FaBiO, Scholarly Works Application Profile (SWAP), Europeana Data Model, and Profile (SWAP), Europeana Data Model, and othersothers

Over 30 million uses on LOD Cloud (mostly Over 30 million uses on LOD Cloud (mostly German libraries)German libraries)

BIBFRAMEBIBFRAME

Two-level bibliographic Two-level bibliographic modelmodel

• bf:Work = bf:Work = frbr:Work+frbr:Expressionfrbr:Work+frbr:Expression

• bf:Instance = bf:Instance = frbr:Manifestationfrbr:Manifestation

RDARDA

Rules organized around FRBR conceptsRules organized around FRBR concepts

Record and data store neutralRecord and data store neutral

……. .

SummarySummary

a conceptual model, to be interpreted and a conceptual model, to be interpreted and integratedintegrated

a network, not a treea network, not a tree

actors and actionsactors and actions

separation of content and carrierseparation of content and carrier

the need for flexibilitythe need for flexibility

Thank you!Thank you!kcoyle@kcoyle.netkcoyle@kcoyle.nethttp://kcoyle.nethttp://kcoyle.net