Post on 05-Jan-2016
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
W.Du – the Netherlands – Session 5 – 1225
MODELLING ELECTRIC VEHICLES AT RESIDENTIAL LOW VOLTAGE GRID BY MONTE CARLO SIMULATION
W.Du
TU DelftThe Netherlands
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
W.Du – the Netherlands – Session 5 – 1225
Problem, Objective and Methodology Base Model (By Monte-Carlo Simulation) An Example of Simulated Low Voltage Grid EV Appliance and EV Scenarios DNOs’ Pricing Strategies Model Results, Validation and Conclusion
W.Du – the Netherlands – Session 5 – 1225
Structure
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
W.Du – the Netherlands – Session 5 – 1225
Problem and Objective
Problem: Uncertain EVs’ impacts on low voltage electricity grid
Objectives: Supporting DNOs in grid asset capacity planning Finding out more accurately probabilities of possible
overloads caused by EVs Analyzing DNOs’ pricing strategy in influencing EV
charging behaviors
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
W.Du – the Netherlands – Session 5 – 1225
Method
Monte Carlo Simulation(Base Household behaviors)
DNOs’ Pricing Planning strategies
EV Scenarios
· charging patterns· penetration degrees
Capacity
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
W.Du – the Netherlands – Session 5 – 1225
Base Model (Monte-Carlo Simulation)
Model represents regular household behaviors of using electrical appliances
Stochastically generate load profiles more realistic then using aggreated and
deterministic simulatainty factor especially true for low voltage grid
Aiming at finding more accurate the impacts of having EVs at households
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
W.Du – the Netherlands – Session 5 – 1225
Base Model (Monte-Carlo Simulation)-Cont.
Household Types (HTs) Eight HTs by size, age and working status Percentages for HTs are based on Dutch statistic data
Electrical appliances Commonly used 25 types in Dutch households are stored Information including highest power, duration of use time Penetration degrees based on available statistics, market data
and related researches
Usage of appliances Three types distinguished in relation to use time: constant use;
instant use and semi-constant use Probability distributions are pre-defined in power usage,
frequency to be used and duration time of each use.
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
W.Du – the Netherlands – Session 5 – 1225
An Example of Simulated Residential Grid
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
W.Du – the Netherlands – Session 5 – 1225
EV Appliances
Treated as household appliances Type: instant use
Only full battery-engined EV is considered Attributes:
Power usage:in triangular distribution (unit :watt) Duration of charging:in triangular distribution (time
unit : minute) penetration degree: in percentage frequency of being charged in different charging
periods:in triangular distribution (unit : integer)
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
W.Du – the Netherlands – Session 5 – 1225
EVs Scenarios Starting Time:
Start charging immediately after arriving at home Charging after 11:00pm
Charging Rate: low rate of 3kW and high rate of 10kW.
Charging Time EV efficiency of 5km/kWh is assumed EVs are assumed to be charged at households until full Distance driven pre-defined based on Dutch statistics
Penetration Degrees 0.1 to 1 in step of 0.1
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
W.Du – the Netherlands – Session 5 – 1225
DNOs’ Pricing Strategy
Shifting Charging Time Shifted to after 11:00pm from 10% of households onward up to 100% in
step of 10% Reducing Charging Time
Reduced in 10% to 50% of previous settings
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
W.Du – the Netherlands – Session 5 – 1225
Simulation Results
Highlighted EVs’ charging load in a single household load profile
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
W.Du – the Netherlands – Session 5 – 1225
Simulation Results – Cont.
Aggregation of transformer loads
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
W.Du – the Netherlands – Session 5 – 1225
Simulation Results – Cont.
Aggregated peak load and probabilities of overloads
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
W.Du – the Netherlands – Session 5 – 1225
Validation
Two Steps: Validation of the base model Validation of EVs’ charging profiles
Data Comparition Aggregations of household loads will be
compared with empirical transformer loads provided by Enexis B.V., NL
The EVs’ charging results will be validated with real sampled data at individual households
Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011
W.Du – the Netherlands – Session 5 – 1225
Conclusion
Modelling EVs as household appliances by a Monte-Carlo simulation
Aiming at analysing EVs’ charging impacts on residential low voltage grid capacity
Charging scenarios are generated stochastically with different penetration degrees and charging patterns
DNOs’ pricing strategies also are estimated in their influences on EVs’ charging patterns