Low Emission Development Strategies: Vision to Action

Reflections on the Costa Rica Experience

Francisco Sancho

C-Neutrality (vision) should become a conductive strategy (action): Roadmap for the different sectors

Several development and CC initiatives are converging with LEDS, but with a dispersion of public and private efforts

LEDS approach can catalyze, enhance and create synergy in public and private investment, financing and international cooperation

Costa Rica should set a LEDS

The country has not a low emission development pattern in key sectors

Costa Rica should set a LEDS

Total GEIs Emissions 2005 (Millions of MT of CO2e)

Source: Instituto Meteorológico Nacional, MINAET. 2009

Source 2005 %

Energy 5.688.600 46%

Agriculture 4.603.900 37%

Industry 672.500 5%

Waste Management 1.320.900 11%Sub Total 12.285.900  

Land Use Chance and Forestry -3.506.700 -29%

Total 8.779.200  

Increasing emissions in power sector

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Combustibles Fósiles Electricidad Otros Desechos Sólidos

CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuels

Source: NEEDS

Projected emission increases mostly on fossil fuels

Fuel consumption and GDP

Fuente: Elaboración propia con datos de la DSE y el BCCR

Projected growth pattern linked to increase in fossil fuels consumption

Challenge to electric sector 95% of generation and 80% of installed power is a

renewable park Since 2033 hydroelectric potential depletion,

requiring alternative renewable sources

Projected electricity demand and supply by type of source

Source: MINAET-DSE

Emissions of Equivalent CO2 in Agriculture and Cattle

66% of N2O emission related to banana, sugar and coffee

40% of total emission related to cattle

Construction Based on Cement and Iron Industry with Low Use of wood

90% of construction based on cement and iron

Culture around these materials Forestry needs to increase wood market

Fixation in forests Fixation in wood

Source: FUNDECOR

LEDS aligns dispersed initiatives

Development goals

Environmental goals

Investment & employment

Technology adoption

Climate and development

related programs

Climate change finance

Sustainable growth

Strong leadership: government priority with national entities and stakeholders commitment to action:◦ Local champions and a strong team◦ Stakeholder engagement (planning, analysis, requirements,

ownership and consensus)◦ Capacity building ◦ Sharing of approaches and experiences

Study to identifying base lines or reference scenario, future evolution and mitigation options and associated cost for low carbon emission scenario (bottom-up approach)

Flexible (learning-by-doing) framework in adapting to a variety of sectoral conditions (coordination, regulatory capacity, resource availability, level of political support, private sector investment)

LEDS Designing Process

Effective integration of programs from national institutions, private sector, NGOs and international agencies

Integration of CC initiatives: ◦ National Economic, Environment and Development Study

(NEEDS)◦ Market Readiness (PMR)◦ Technology Needs Assessments (TNA)◦ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation

and Forest Degradation (REDD+)◦ Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) ◦ National Adaptation Plans of Actions (NAPAs) ◦ Bilateral programs

LEDS Design Process

Development of low-emissions strategies with concrete economic and social benefits◦ Effective plans with policy framework to establish an

enabling environment

◦ Capacity building programs

◦ Strategy for technology transference

◦ Conducting a barrier analysis and removal strategy

◦ Providing the necessary cohesive institutional arrangements

◦ Setting concrete results (metrics and MRV scheme)

◦ Assess financing needs and design financial architecture

◦ Continual monitoring

◦ Feedback and refinement

Setting the Strategy

Marginal Abatement Costs

Fuente: NEEDS

Emissions under BAU and mitigation measures

Costa Rica requires a LEDS approach to streamline initiatives around CC and development