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KMFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JÜLICH GmbH
J01-2337December 1989ISSN 0366-0885
by
H. G . J . SmitW. SträterH. LoupD. Kley
Institut für Chemie 2 :Chemie der Belasteten Atmosphäre
OZONE PROFILES AT JÜLICH, FRGDURING 1988 AND 1989
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Forschungszentrum Jülich : Berichte Nr. 2337Institut für Chemie 2 : Chemie der Belasteten Atmosphäre
Jül-2337
Zu beziehen durch : ZENTRALBIBLIOTHEK Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHPostfach 1913 - D-5170 Jülich (Bundesrepublik Deutschland)
Telefon : 02461/61-0 - Telex : 833556-70 kf d
OZONE PROFILES AT JOLICH, FRGDURING 1988 AND 1989
by
H. G . J . SmitW. SträterH. LoupD. Kley
0 KFA-ZENTRALBIBLIOTHEK
0
Table of contents
Summary
1. Introduction2. Ozone sounding system
2.1 Introduction to instrumentation2 .2 Ozonesonde (ECC-TYPE)2.3 Meteorological radiosonde RS 802.4 Interface and theory of operation2.5 Ground station2.6 Balloon and parachute
3. Flight operation3.1 Preflight preparation of ozone-, radio-sonde
and data interface board4. Data processing5. Vertical ozone profiles
LiteratureFiguresIndividual vertical profiles
Summary
Ozone soundings were performed regular at Jülich , FRG (50° 41' N, 6° 24' E) . Thisreport, the first one of an intended series, contains information on technical aspects andpresents vertical profiles obtained during 1988 and 1989 .
Introduction
Tropospheric ozone is of crucial importance as a precursor of reactive radicals. Throughabsorption of infrared radiation it contributes to the greenhouse effect . At higherconcentrations, ozone is toxic for humans, animal- and plantlife . At lowerconcentrations, it reduces the net photochemical production of plants . Ozone is alsothought to play a role in the syndrome of forest damage.Measurements of ozone made during the last thirty years and in the last century haveshown that ozone concentrations near ground and in the free troposphere are increasingat a rate of approximately 1% per year (Attmanspacher [1984], Feister [1987], Volz[1988]).The chemistry, transport and budget of tropospheric ozone and other photooxidants isinvestigated in a major component of the EUROTRAC project TOR (Troposphericozone research). Within TOR, a network of stations (figure 1) performs regular verticalsoundings of ozone and meteorological parameters, including relative humidity .The sounding program at Jillich was begun in 1988 . Regular flights, with a frequency ofcurrently one per week were started in Jul! 1989 .
In the first part of this report we present a short description of our ozone soundingsystem . The second part contains all results obtained at Jülich up to December 1989 .
2.
Ozone Sounding System
2.1
Introduction to instrumentation
The equipment described serves to measure the concentration of atmospheric ozone fromgroundlevel up to 25 km and above.The ozone/radiosonde is a balloon-borne instrument which consists of the followingcomponents, as illustrated in figure 2:
1.
Ozone sonde of ECCtype (= Electrochemical Concentration Cell).2.
Standard meteorological radio sonde for measuring pressure, temperature andrelative humidity .
3 .
Interface board which converts the analog signals measured by the sondes (Ozoneconcentration, pressure, temperature and relative humidity) into a digitallycoded data stream which is modulated into a two tone signal and telemetered tothe ground station, using the 403 MHz-FM-transmitter of the radiosonde.
4.
Ahydrogen filled weather balloon.5.
A small parachute to slow the descent rate of the package after burst of theweather balloon.
The ground station, also indicated in figure 2, consists of
1 .
Conventional FM-receiver (400-406 MHz) for the demodulation of the receivedFM-signal into a two tone signal .
2.
Modem to convert the signal into a hexadecimal coded data frame ofASCII-characters .
3.
Personal computer for further processing and reduction of the sonde data .
2.2
Ozone Sonde: ECC-Type
The ozone sonde is shown in figure 3A. It consists mainly of the following components:
An ozone sensor of EEC-type (Komhyr,1969,1971), based on an electrochemical method,generates an electrical current proportional to the flow rate of ozone through thesolution . A small electrically driven gas sampling pump forces ambient air through theozone sensor . By knowing the gas flow rate, its temperature and pressure, the measuredelectrical current can be converted to the ozone concentration.
The ECC-ozone sensor is based on the iodine/iodide redox reaction by ozone which isperformed in an electrochemical concentration cell of the type:
Pt, 12 ; I II
1-; 12) PtA cross-sectional view of the cell is shown in figure 3B. The cell consists of two halfcells, made of Teflon, which serve as the cathode and anode chamber, resp . . Bothhalf-cells contain a platinium mesh, serving as electrodes . They are immersed in aKI-solution of different concentrations . The two chambers are linked together by anionbridge in order to provide an ionpathway and to prevent mixing of the cathode-and anode electrolytes .
The ECC does not require an external electrical potential; this is in contrast to theBrewer-Mast Type. The ECC gets its driving e.m.f. from a difference in the concentra-tion of the KI-solution in the cathode- and anode-chamber, 0.1 and 8.0 mol respect-ively. The ozone in the cathode chamber reacts with the iodide in the solution accordingto the redox reaction
2KI+03+H20--+12 +2KOH+202
The electric current is direct proportional to the mass flow of ozone into the cathodechamber.For a given pumpflow the partial pressure of ozone is calculated by using the formula
P(03) = 0.407 - Tec . I, whereby0vP
=pressure in nbarI
= electrical current ozone, in micro amperes
TECC = air pump temperature of air sampling, in degrees Kelvin
= volumetric flowrate of air, in milliliters per second .
The electrical current is fed into an I/V-converter on the interface board. The tempera-ture of the air sampling pump is measured by a thermistor .
The observed cell output current, iobs , is in practice a superposition of the ozone currentI, and a background current, ia . The background-current which differs somewhat forindividual sondes is determined at ground before launching the sonde.
Typical values for the ozone sensor are:iobs : 0-ö AA (equivalent to 0 - 200 nbar ozone)is . 0.1 AA
~V : 3.5 ml/sec
The power supply for the electrical motor of the air sampling pump is a battery pack ofseven serially connected Lithium dry cells (Panasonic BR2/3A), with a +12V voltageregulator which has the advantage of having a high power (1000 m Ah) and no emissionof S02 in contrast to wetbatteries .
2.3
Meteorological radiosonde RS 80 of Vaisala
The RS 80 radiosonde has 3 sensors, one each for pressure (P), temperature (T) andrelative humidity (U). All are capacitive devices. The PTU sensors are multiplexed tofrequencies between 7 and 10 KHz and transmitted by a FM modulated quartz stabilized403 MHz transmitter.
2.4
Ozone data interface and theory of operation
The electronic interface was developed for TOR by TMAX, Boulder, Colorado (USA) .The basis of the interface is to convert all signals such as the ozone-current, the tempe-rature of the gas-sampling and six frequencies of the RS 80 radio sonde, into a digitallycoded data stream. This data stream is then modulated as a two tone signal on the 403MHz, FMtransmitter of the RS 80-sonde and telemetered to ground .As figure 4 shows the ozone current (0-10 jLA) of the ECC, Iecc, is converted to voltageby an I/V-converter and fed into the ADC of the MCU (Micro computer unit).The temperature of the ozone-sensor, Tecc, measured by a thermistor, is also fed intothe ADC of the MCU. (The ADC has still two free input-channels which could be usedin the future for other supporting measurements) . The six PTUfrequency-signals of theRS 80-sonde are fed into a programmable timer, whereby the period is measured over afixed number of N-cycles (this is equivalent to frequency counting).Next the MCU collects 4 input multiplexed ADC (Iecc, Tecc Plus the two auxiliarychannels) and the six PTUfrequencies of the RS 80, all of which are formatted into adigital ASCII, 11 bitNRZ data stream and put on the output line of the MCU.
The digital NRZ-datastream is converted into a FSKtone signal (FSK = Frequencyshifted key) of 2025 and 2225 HZ respectively which is then used to frequency modulatethe 403 MHz transmitter of the RS 80 .
The data are transmitted to the ground in hexadecimal format of ASCII--characters-The use of this interface electronics allows the simultaneous measurement of theconcentrations of ozone and water vapor, so that its relationship enables us toinvestigate the 03 variations in terms of transport of sources and sinks. In the moreconventional ozone sounding one rely on the humidity signal of the radio sonde in orderto use this channel for the transmission of the ozone signal . Additionaly, this interfacehas the advantage that the actual temperature of the air sampling is measured for amore accurate determination of the ozone concentration.
2.5
Ground station
At the ground the 403 MHz telemetry signal is received by a conventional FM-receiver(UR15, Vaisala, Finnland). The signal is demodulated back to the data stream ofFSK-tone signals and then converted to the ASCII hexadecimal data format by amodem (UTU/XT, Kantronics, USA) and fed via a RS232-serial port into a personalcomputer for further data processing.
2.6
Balloon and parachute
The used balloon is a TA600 (TotexJapan) with the following specifications :weight
600 grammpayload
1000 grammfreelift
1190 grammat launch
diameter 1.7 mvolume
2.4 m3gasfilling
H2 or He
material
latexburst altitude
z25 km
3.
Flight operation
With a payload of about 1000 gramm and a free lift of 1300 gramm an ascent rate oftypically 5 m/sec and a burst altitude of about 25-30 km is achieved .
3.1
Pre-flight preparation of ozone sonde, radiosonde and data interface board
Before each flight the sonde is carefully prepared and checked following the guidelinesafter Komhyr (1986) for the ozone sensor and of Vaisala, respectively, for radio sonde.
Ozone sonde:
Performance of the ozone sensor is checked for:-the response time of the cellthe accuracy, through comparison of the sensor output witha reference UVphotometer (Dasibi 1008 RS)
-background current of the cell and air flow through the sensor .
Radiosonde:
The performance of the radiosonde at ground is checked in the laboratory at ambientpressure, temperature and zero relative humidity .
Data interface board:
The currentvoltage converter is compared to a calibrated current source .The output of the temperature measurement of the pump (Thermistor) is also checked.These calibrations are incorporated in post flight data processing.
4.
Data processing
About every 7s a complete dataframe is received such that for an ascent rate of about5m/s the height resolution of the data transmission of a complete cycle of all parametersis equivalent to a 35 m height resolution . The response time of the ozone sensor itselfwas around 20 s at an in-flight temperature of the sensor of about 30 °C such that at anaverage ascent rate of 5m/s the effective height resolution for ozone measurement wasabout 100 m.For all ozone sensors flown the accuracy was better than t5% .
The logistics of the data processing are schematically shown in figure 5.Received data during the flights are stored online as frames of ASCII-characters (rawflight data). The raw data are decoded back to the analog signals of the different sensorsof the ECC and radiosonde respectively which are then converted to ozone concentrationand meteorological parameters .Eventual erratic data from telemetry noise are eliminated . Also, corrections resultingfrom the ground check procedure are incorporated.
5.
Vertical Ozone profiles
Prior to the start of TOR project some ozone soundings were started in June and July1988 (flight numbers 35 to 40) .In July 1989 the ozone sounding program within the TOR project was started on aregular base of one flight per week.Normally the sounding are performed every wednesday at a time of around 10-11 (UT)from the roof of our institute at an altitude of 80 m above sea level.The results of these flights are presented in the form of individual vertical profiles ofozone and meteorological parameters.Two plots are presented for every flight . The first one shows the complete profile duringascent until burst of the balloone . This plot gives a standard ozonogram with the partialpressure of ozone (mPa), temperature (degrees celsius) and relative humidity (%) on theabscissa as a function of pressure (hPa) on a logarithmic scale.The second plot presents the tropospheric part of the individual soundings in greaterdetail . Here, we use units of mixing ratio (ppbv) for ozone on the abscissa as a functionof geometric altitude (km) where the altitude was computed step by step as acumulative sum of the height difference between two successive pressure levels using thehydrostatic equation .
Aclmowledgement
This work was supported as part of the EUROTRAC subproject TOR by theBundesminister ffir Forschung und Technologie.We thank 0. Heißenbfitttel for writing the graphics program.
Literature
Attmannspacher .W., Hartmannsgruber R., Lang P.Long period tentencies of atmospheric ozone based on ozone measurements started in1967 at the Hohenpreissenberg Meteorological Observatory.Meteorol . Rdsch., 37, 193-199 (1984) .
Feister U., Warmbt W.J. atmos. Chem. 5, 1-21 (l987) .
Komhyr, W.D., Harris T.B .Development of an ECC-OzonsondeNOAA Techn. Rep . ERL 200-APCL 18, Boulder CO, USA, 1971
Komhyr, W.D .Electrochemical concentration cells for gas analysisAnn. Geophys . 25, No. 1, p. 203-210, 1969
Komhyr, W.D .Operations Handbook - Ozone measurements to 40 km altitude with model4A-ECC-ozonesondesNOAA Techn. Memorandum ERL-ARL-149, Sept . 1986
Volz A, and Kley D.Evaluation of the Montsouris series of ozone measurements made in the nineteenthcentury.Nature 332, 240-242 (1988).
10
Figures
12
Ground Station403 MHzPR-Receiver
13
Modem
Balloone
Ozonesondewith
Ozone Data Interface
PersonalComputer
Figure 2 : Ozone sounding system
Ozone-Radiosonde
Diameter
l.5 mVolume
2.5 m 3
Material LatexGesfilling HydrogenWeight
680 g
Diameter
1.5 mMaterial PVCWeight
100 g
ECC-Type (Electrochem . Concentration-CellVolume
10 dm 3
Weight
680 g
Radiosonde
Meteorological Transducer forPressure, Temperature andand Rel. Humidity,403 MHz-FM-Transmitterfor DatatransmissionVolume
0.7 dm3Weight
300 g
14
Figure 3A , B
Ozone sonde, type ECC
Cathode Chamber
Anode Chombef
Degassing Tube
Air Vent Tube
Air Exhaust Tube
Air Intake Tube
Cathode Pt . Screen
Example Dataframe
Air Inlet
Multiplexer
Analog/DigitalConverter
15
PressureSensor
ad
P
MicroprocessorDigital Coding Of Data
Into A Hexadecimal FrameOf ASCH-Characters
FSK-ModulationConversion Into
Two-Tone-Signals
FM-ModulationInto FSK-Signal
Frequency Modulation403 MHz-Transmitter
V~
Serial 300 Bit/Sec
Digital 0 = 2025 Hz1 = 2225 Hz
403 MHz-FM
DemodulationOF FSK-Signals
Modem
Data-Processing and -ReductionOf Ozonconcentration ([03])
And Meteorological Parameters
Personal Computer
TemperatureSensor
vT
M U L T I P L E X E R
FrequencyCounter
Serial RS232 (300 Bit/Sec)
PTU-Frequencies(7-10 kHz)
HumiditySensor
U
FM-Transmitter Of Radiosonde
403 MHz-FM-Receiver
Figure 4 : Data transmission of the sounding system
Datastorage
16
Figure 5 " Data processing
Measured SignalsOzone,
Pressure, Temperature, Rel. Humidity
Datareduction :- Filtering of Erratic Data- Correction for Ground Check
Flight Data Base[03 ],P,T,U
Data-Analysis
Figure 2 : Ozone sounding system
Individual vertical profiles
10
20
40 .4
60 J
r
200 J
400
600 J
800
1000-
Ozone Sounding FLH035 : Ozonagram
2.0 4.0 6.0 8 .0 10 12 14 16 18 20
Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Temperature (Celsius)
.... . . ... . .... . ... . ....,~w
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 16 .06 .1988 OzoneTime at launch 10 :05 (UT)
-----
TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
25
L- 20
10
5
Q
16
14
12
10
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
1 9
Ozone Sounding FLH035 : Tropospheric Part
r
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10
0
Temperature (Celsius)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 16.06.1988 OzoneTime at launch 10 :05 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . . . I . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
l100
10
20 .
40
80
200 .J
400
800
800 .,
1000
Ozone Sounding FLH036 : Ozonagram
20
2.0 4.0 8 .0 8 .0 10 12 14 18 18 20Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 23 .06 .1988 OzoneTime at launch 10:10 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . I . . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
25
20
10
5
16
14
12
10
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
2 1
r
Ozone Sounding FLH036 : Tropospheric Part
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
160 180 200
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 23 .06.1988Time at launch 10 :10 (UT)Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
0.
10 .r
40 ,,
100
20
80
400
600 .
800 .
1000
Ozone Sounding FLH037 : Ozonagram
2 2
2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20
Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 28 .06 .1988 OzoneTime at launch 12 :08 (UT)
-----
TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
25
20
10
5
d
16
14
12
10
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
2 3
r
r
Ozone Sounding FLH037 : Tropospheric Part
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 28.06.1988 OzoneTime at launch 12 :08 (UT)
-----
TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . .- . .
Relative Humidity
i..
92c,o,
10
20 .
40
60 .0
80
100
200
r
400 .
Ozone Sounding FLH038 : Ozonagram
i
2 4
w..... .... . ........ .... ..
800
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8 .0 10 12Ozone Partial Pressure
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 7.07 .1988 OzoneTime at launch 10 :05 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
L 25
- 20
v
15 a+d
d
10
. .».. ....,
5" . ... .yw
;.
14 18 18 20( mPa )
0 0 10 20 30
70 80 90 100
16
12
6.0
4.0 -
2.0
0
Ozone Sounding FLH038 : Tropospheric Part
25
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 7.07 .1988 OzoneTime at launch 10 :05 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
20 I
40
1RJ12 .. 80
100
1
200
400
600 J
800 .
1000
Ozone Sounding FLH039 : Ozonagram
26
Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
Temperature (Celsius)
2.0 4.0 6 .0 8 .0 10 12 14 16 18 20
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 14.07 .1988Time at launch 10 :10 (UT)Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
L 25
~- 20
10
5
d
.0
d6.0
4.0-
Z.0 -
0
FLH039 : Tropospheric Part
60
27
Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)60 100 120 140 160 180 200
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
-10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 14.07.1988Time at launch 10 :10 (UT)
-----Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
Ozone16
Sounding
v
v14 l
1
12
1t1,
1
10-4
1
.. ....
y
.... .... ... .. .. . ...»..».. ....» .... ........ .... . . .. . ..-.--.--.ylt . ... . ..1.
... .... ....-.-. ...
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
r0
28
Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
Temperature (Celsius)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 21 .07"19111,Time at launch 11 :50 (UT)
Site
Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
16
12
10
6.0
4 .0 -
2.0 -
0
29
Ozone Sounding FLH040 : Tropospheric Part
T20
Temperature (Celsius)
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 21 .07 .1988Time at launch 11 :50 (UT)Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
10
200 .
400 .
Ozone Sounding FLHO91 : Ozonagram
30
600 .ww:. ..
800
»..» . .. .....»... ..... ... .......... .».» ...
1000
.
0 2.0 4 .0 6.0 8.0 10 12Ozone Partial Pressure
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 2.03 .1989 OzoneTime at launch 12 :15 (UT)
-----
TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . I . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
10
5
i20 .
L 25
(40 ~
i L 201
60 I
a 80 (1
100-15 'bl r
aUW \r
i. ~1
. . .... ... . . ..», ..» .. . .». ..... .. �
14 16 18( mPa )
20
0 10 20 30
70 80 90 100
16
14
12
10
Ex8 .0
6 .0
4 .0
2.0
0
3 1
Ozone Sounding FLH091 : Tropospheric Part
r0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10Temperature (Celsius)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 2.03 .1989Time at launch 12 :15 (UT)Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
10
Ozone Sounding FLHO93 : Ozonagram
32
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 14 .07 .1989Time at launch 09:55 (UT)
-----Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
20
ii
/ -. 25S
40 ~
80 c 20
0. 80 .rc . 14
100- Gd
vs. 15a zx c d
va 200
ti
10
400-
.... ..I .G.%- 5
600 . y
800 .'
1000
2.0 4.0 8 .0 8 .0 10 12 14 18 18 20Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
18
10
4.0
2.0
0
Ozone Sounding FLH093 : Tropospheric Part
3 3
0 20 40 80 80 100 120 140 180 180 200Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80Relative Humidity (percent)
I90
I100
Date 14.07.1989Time at launch 09:55 (UT)Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
0.
10
20 ~
. ... . . ... . ...»... . . . ..1
.~ `'~...._ ...._ .._,600
Ozone Sounding FLHO94 : Ozonagram
r0
cr
1
r
v==-ä.
34
Temperature (Celsius)
Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 20 .07 .1989 OzoneTime at launch 09:20 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
L 25
20
10
15
5
d
18
14
12
10
4.0
2.0
0
0
3 5
r
Ozone Sounding FLHO94 : Tropospheric Part
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
180 180 200
Date 20 .07 .1989Time at launch 09 :20 (UT)Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
10
Ozone Sounding FLHO95 : Ozonagram
3 6
Temperature (Celsius)
Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
Relative Humidity (percent)
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
l
I0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Date 27.07.1989 OzoneTime at launch 09:55 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
rrd
16
r
0
6.0 -J
r
4.0-
2.0 -
r
Ozone Sounding FLH095 : Tropospheric Part
r0 10
3 7
Temperature (Celsius)
Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
Relative Humidity (percent)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
-,
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Date 27 .07 .1989Time at launch 09:55 (UT)
-----Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
10
20
Ozone Sounding FLHO96 : Ozonagram
3 8
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 3.08.1989Time at launch 09:30 (UT)
-----Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
.- 25
40
60 .
t
!
L 20i1
12 . 80 .~i!c
too- u ajb
v t 15 ta
a 200 .
_ 10
400 J yyy
y 5600
y
.....«.w.......».-_......_ .» . ...._ .MMUNUM.r... . .800 . ,;;.;: .
1000 _ ri -T2.0 4.0 . 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20
Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20130
Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
16
14
12
10
a10
4.0
2.0
0
3 9
Ozone Sounding FLH096 : Tropospheric Part
rr11
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 3.08 .1989 OzoneTime at launch 09 :30 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
LVas
10
20
40
80 ~,
100-
200
400 .
600 .
800-
1000
0
Ozone Sounding FLHO97 : Ozonagram
40
Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 9.08 .1989Time at launch 10 :30 (UT)Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
25
c1
1ti
yll 20
16
14 .J
12
10
'' 6.0d
4.0
2.0
0T0
Ozone Sounding FLH097 : Tropospheric Part
t .20 40 60
4 1
Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
T-80 100 120 140 160 180 200
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 9.08.1989Time at launch 10 :30 (UT)Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
10
Ozone Sounding FLH100 : Ozonagram
0
42
Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
Temperature (Celsius)
L 25
0 2.0 4.0 6 .0 8 .0 10 12 14 16 18 20
I ,
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
f
Date 24.08.1989Time at launch 10 :00 (UT)Site
Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
20
10
"v
5
Q
18
14
6.0
4 .0
2.0
0
0
Ozone Sounding FLH100 : Tropospheric Part
43
Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 24.08.1989 OzoneTime at launch 10 :00 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
duelich
.. . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
10
20
40
60
Wa 80
-- 100
200
400
600
800
1000
Ozone Sounding FLH111 : Ozonagram
44
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 2o 30
Temperature (Celsius)
0 2.0 4.0 6 .0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20
Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
r ,20 30 40 50 60 70
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 21 .09 .1989Time at launch 11 :17 (UT)Site
Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
L, 25
20
10
5
d
16
14
12
10
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
4 5
Ozone Sounding FLH111 : Tropospheric Part
~...wwww.wwwwww. ..~~
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
r0
V10
Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
Temperature (Celsius)
160 180 200
-l I20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 21 .09 .1989 OzoneTime at launch 11 :17 (UT)
-----
TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . . . .I
Relative Humidity
10
200
Ozone Sounding FLH112 : Ozonagram
46
1100
800 - ..........,., .....,. .... . .. .... . ... .... . .... ._ . ... .._._._.._ ... . .... .... . ... ..... .... .... .... . .... ... . ..
1000
0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10 ."
12Ozone
Partial Pressure
( m
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 27 .09.1989 OzoneTime at launch 10:45 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
IV
d
25
,- 20
15
10
5
wi
14 16 18 20a )
0 10 20 30
70 80 90 100
16
14
\
12 j
\,
10
0-
Ozone Sounding FLH112 : Tropospheric Part
6.0�. .. ... .. .. . ... .... ... . ...w .
v
47
Temperature (Celsius)
_-1 1 1 '0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
111 , 1 , 1 , 141 1 1 ,-1-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -2o -10 0 10 20 30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 27 .09.1989Time at launch 10:45 (UT)Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
1o
20 4
40
400
600 .
800
1000
Ozone Sounding FLH114 : Ozonagram
1
80l1
12. 80
1l`r 100
1f
\
ß, 200
"'y-~
4 8
uw.uu....ou . .. .w..uw.w .w..w.w ... . ....w. .. .... . ... . .... .... . ...Kw. .. ...wo.w.... . .... ...
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 6.10.1989 OzoneTime at launch 11 :00 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
,
Relative Humidity
25
10
20
5
"O
18 18 20
10 20 30
80 90 100
d
16
12
4.0-
2.0-
f0
Ozone Sounding FLH114 : Tropospheric Part
4 9
Temperature (Celsius)
.... .... . ... . . .. . .
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 6.10.1989Time at launch 11 :00 (UT)Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
160 180 200
10 20 30
80 90 100
10
20
40
Ozone Sounding FLH115 : Ozonagram
200
400 .''
600 .
800
1000
a
50
2.0 4.0 6 .0 8 .0 10Ozone Partial Pressure
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20-Temperature(Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 10.10 .1989Time at launch 10:50 (UT)Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
25
20
d
,._ 10
5
yw
12 14 16 18 20( mPa )
10 0 10 20 30
60 70 80 90 100
"C7
d 6.0 _j
4.0
2.0
0
Ozone Sounding FLH115 : Tropospheric Part
5 1
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 180 180 200Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 10 .10 .1989 OzoneTime at launch 10 :50 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
16
v1\
14- 1
t
124 1111
10
11
10
20 j
40 J
60 .
Ozone Sounding
FLH116 : Ozonagram
52
Temperature (Celsius)
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
l0
12
14Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 18.10.1989 OzoneTime at launch 10 :40 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
25
_ 20
.14
vb
15 Zä
10
5
yw
w
16 18 20
10 20 30
80 90 100
16
14
12
10
6.0
4.0
2 .0
0
53
Ozone Sounding FLH116 : Tropospheric Part
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
1-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 18 .10 .1989 OzoneTime at launch 10:40 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . .. . . . I . . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
10
Ozone Sounding FLH117 : Ozonagram
54
2 .0 4 .0 6 .0 8 .0 10 12 14 16 18 20Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 to 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
111 1 1 -r-_1 1 1 1 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 25 .10 .1989 OzoneTime at launch 10:45 (UT)
-----
TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . . . .- . . .
Relative Humidity
10
5
v20
25
.9,
40 iWV
2060 .
ä
18
14
12
10
4.0
2 .0
0
5 5
Ozone Sounding FLH117 : Tropospheric Part
t
0 20 40 80 80 100 120 140 180 180 200Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
I
I
1-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 25 .10.1989Time at launch 10:45 (UT)Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
10
100
20 .
40 J
60
80 J
200
400 �!
600 .
800 .
1000
Ozone Sounding
FLH118 : Ozonagram
56
Temperature (Celsius)
Relative Humidity (percent)
w1r ,
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
1-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
,I
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Date 31 .10.1989 OzoneTime at launch 10 :32 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
duelich
. ... . . . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
J_ 25
20
10
5
16
14
12
10
6.0
4.0
2 .0
0
57
r
Ozone Sounding FLH118 : Tropospheric Part
r
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
Temperature (Celsius)
160 180 200
I 1 I-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 31 .10.1989 OzoneTime at launch 10 :32 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
10
20-
5 8
Ozone Sounding FLH119 : Ozonagram
Temperature (Celsius)
Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa ), '
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 8.11 .1989 OzoneTime at launch 10 :20 (UT)
-----
TemperatureSite
Juelich
Relative Humidity
~- 25
16
12
to-
6.0 -
4.0
2.0 -
0
59
Ozone Sounding FLH119 : Tropospheric Part
Temperature (Celsius)
Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
I ' , '
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
1
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 8.11 .1989
OzoneTime at launch 10 :20 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . . . .I .I .-
Relative Humidity
10
20
Ozone Sounding
FLH120 : Ozonagram
6 0
Ozone Partial Pressure
Relative Humidity (percent)
25
20
4.0 8 .0 8.0 10
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20-Temperature(Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50
Date 15.11 .1989 OzoneTime at launch 11 :15 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
,.
12 14 18 18 20( mPa )
10 0 10 20 30
80 70 80 90 100
16
14
12
10
6.0
4.0
2.0
6 1
r
r
r
r
Ozone Sounding FLH120 : Tropospheric Part
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 15 .11 .1989Time at launch 11 :15 (UT)Site duelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
10
20 J
40 J
60 I
60
100
200
400 J
600
800
1000
Ozone Sounding
FLH121 : Ozonagram
t\
wrt::" . ... . . .... . .. . ....... .. ....
62
Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
Temperature (Celsius)
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 23.11.1989 OzoneTime at launch 11 :15 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I
Relative Humidity
L 25
20
-. 10
2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20
1-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
5
d
14
12
10
6.0
4 .0
2 .0
Ozone Sounding FLH121 : Tropospheric Part
63
Ozone Mixing Ratio20 40 60 80 100
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20Temperature (Celsi
0 10 20 30 40 50Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 23.11.1989Time at launch 11 :15 (UT)Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
120 140 160 180 200(ppbv)
-10 0s)
10 20 30
60 70 80 90 100
c00.
a
0.
10
20
40
r0
Ozone Sounding FLH122 : Ozonagram
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
to
12Ozone
Partial Pressure
( m
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10
6 4
Temperature (Celsius)
20 30 40 50 60Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 29 .11 .1989 OzoneTime at launch 10 :05 (UT)
----- TemperatureSite
Juelich
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Relative Humidity
25
L 20
10
15
d
14a )
18 16 20
0 10 20 30
70 80 90 100
16
14
6.0
4.0-
2.0 .~. _
01
Ozone Sounding FLH122 : Tropospheric Part
65
t
I 1 I20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 29 .11 .1989Time at launch 10:05 (UT)Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
or
a
0.
10
20
40 ,J
801
Ozone Sounding FLH123 : Ozonagram
r
v
t .1
66
Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
wt...;. ... . . ..` .... .... . ... . .... . ... ...�..,.. ...
10 12 14
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 6.12 .1989Time at launch 10:00 (UT)Site
Juelich
-
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
25
20
10
15
d
5
16 18 20
10 20 30
80 90 100
d
r
6.0-
4.0-
2.0-
Ozone Sounding FLH123 : Tropospheric Part
67
T20 40 80 80 100 120 140 180 180 200
Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 80 70 80 90 100Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 6.12 .1989Time at launch 10 :00 (UT)Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
10
20 ~
40
60 ,J
200
so t100-
400400 J
600 .
800 .
1000
Ozone Sounding
FLH124 : Ozonagram
12.0
6 8
4.0 6 .0 8 .0 10 12 14 18 18 20
Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
i I 1-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Temperature (Celsius)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 12.12 .1989Time at launch 10:15 (UT)
-----Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
,_ 25
20
,- 10
5
16
14
10
,d
6.0
12
4.0 -
2.0 -
Ozone Sounding FLH124 : Tropospheric Part
6 9
...... . .... ........ . .... ..............
~a .
.............._.........L
. .
w
Temperature (Celsius)
S
o1
1101
-
! I
1 1 1
1 1 1 1 ,
1
111111F---
--,
. .l
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
Relative Humidity (percent)
-70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Date 12.12.1989Time at launch 10 :15 (UT)Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
0.
10
20
40 �'
60
80
100
200,;
400
000-
800 .
1000
0
Ozone Sounding
FLH125 : Ozonagram
2.0
OT AUTHOR : ICHZ03
01/10 ;90 11 :49 :1_
7o
Temperature (Celsius)
4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20Ozone Partial Pressure ( mPa )
-70 -00 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 13.12 .1989Time at launch 10 :12 (UT)Site
Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity
,- 25
20
10
5
d
18
14
10
d
4.0
2.0 -
0
Ozone Sounding FLH125 : Tropospheric Part
20
7 1
Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppbv)
-1
' 1 '
40 80 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
-70 -80 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30Temperature (Celsius)
.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Relative Humidity (percent)
Date 13 .12.1989Time at launch 10 :12 (UT)
-----Site Juelich
OzoneTemperatureRelative Humidity