FOOD POISONING

• Any illness resulting from the consumption of food

• There are two types of food poisoning:FOOD INFECTION and FOOD INTOXICATION.

1) Food infection refers to the presence of bacteria or other microbes which infect the body after consumption.

2) Food intoxication refers to the ingestion of toxins contained within the food, including bacterially produced exotoxins, which can happen even when the microbe that produced the toxin is no longer present or able to cause infection

FOOD POISONING The Food is Contaminated with

• Living bacteria• Other toxins• Inorganic chemical substances• Poisons from Plants & animals

Food Poisoning Can be :• BACTERIAL• NON- BACTERIAL

BACTERIAL FOOD POISONS

1. Salmonella2. Staphylococcus3. Clostridium Perfringens, the "cafeteria

germ4. Vibrio Cholerae5. Escherichia Coli6. Campylobacter Jejuni (periodontitis)7. Streptococcus8. Shigella spp

NON BACTERIAL FOOD POISONS

1. Chemical– Arsenic– Cu Sulphate– Mercury– Cadmium

2. Viruses– Enterovirus– Hepatitis A – Hepatitis E

3. Parasites• Tapeworm• Flatworm• Nematodes

• Ascaris• Protozoa

• Giardia lamblia• Entamoeba histolytica

Causes1. Poor Personal Hygiene

2. Bad Food Storage3. Dirty Kitchen4. Food after its Expiration Date

5. No Pest Control etc

SALMONELLA• High risk foods

Raw meat, poultry and eggs, and raw unwashed vegetables.

• MOA

After ingestion the organisms multiply in the Intestine & give rise into acute enteritis & colitis

• Signs and Symptoms

Onset 12 – 36 hours. Headache, general aching of limbs, abdominal pain and diarrhoea, vomiting and fever. This usually lasts 1 – 7 days, and rarely is fatal.

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

• High risk foods

Meat, Dairy Products and Poultry.

• MOA

Ingestion of preformed toxins in the food which directly affects intestine & CNS

• Signs and Symptoms

Onset 1 – 6 hours. Severe vomiting, abdominal pain, weakness and lower than normal temperature. This usually lasts 6 – 24 hours.

CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS

• High risk foods

Raw meat, cooked meat dishes and poultry.

• MOA

Ingestion of spores

• Signs and Symptoms

Onset 8 – 22 hours. Abdominal pain, diarrhoea and nausea. This usually lasts 12 – 48 hours.

CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM

• High risk foods

Inadequately processed canned meat, vegetables and fish (faulty canning)

• MOA

Ingestion of preformed toxins in the food which directly affects Parasympathetic Nervous System

• Signs and Symptoms

Onset 24 – 72 hours. Voice change, double vision, drooping eyelids, severe constipation.

Death within a week or a slow recovery over months.

CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM

CAMPYLOBACTER

• High risk foods

Meat and poultry.

• Signs and Symptoms

Onset 2 – 11 days. Fever, headache and dizziness for a few hours, followed by abdominal pain. This usually lasts 2 – 7 days and can recur over a number of weeks.

E .COLI

• High risk foods

Raw meat and dairy products.

• Signs and Symptoms

Diarrhoea, which may contain blood, can lead to kidney failure or death.

GENERAL SYMPTOMS 1. Nausea2. Abdominal Pain3. Vomiting4. Diarrhea

5. Gastroenteritis

7. Headache6. Fever

8. Fatigue

PREVENTION

1. By Having Good Personal Hygiene

2. Correct Food Storage

3. Keep Kitchen Clean

4. Check Expiry Dates and Label Foods

5. Check to see if the Meat is cooked

6. Correct Food Temperatures

7. Pest Control

DETAIL:- PREVENTION & CONTROL

• FOOD SANITATION:-

1. Meat inspection2. Personal hygiene3. Healthy food handlers & proper techniques for

handling4. Pasteurization of milk5. Proper cooking6. Health education

DETAIL:- PREVENTION & CONTROL

• REFRIGERATION:-

Proper temp is necessary for prevention of bacterial food poisoning i.e

Prevention Of:-1. Bacterial Multiplication2. Toxin Production

DETAIL:- PREVENTION & CONTROL

• SURVEILLANCE:-

• Food samples must be obtained periodically & subjected to lab analysis if they are unsatisfactory

.

• Surveillance is necessary to avoid outbreaks of food borne diseases.

DIAGNOSIS

1. Patient History

2. Stool Culture

3. Microscopic Examination• Leukocytes

• Erythrocytes

TREATMENT1. The main treatment for food poisoning is putting

fluids back in the body (rehydration) through an IV and by drinking.

2. Do not eat solid food while nauseous or vomiting but drink plenty of fluids.

3. Anti-vomiting and diarrhea medications .4. Antibiotocs can also be given in few cases

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