Post on 12-Jan-2016
Flowers Laboratory Flowers Laboratory
Flower Structure Flower Structure and Interactionsand Interactions
with Pollinatorswith Pollinators
Flowering Plant Flowering Plant ReproductionReproduction
• Flowers are modified Flowers are modified leaves, specialized leaves, specialized for reproduction.for reproduction.
• Flowers form on the Flowers form on the diploid diploid SporophyteSporophyte
• Flower parts Flower parts undergo meiosis to undergo meiosis to produce haploid produce haploid GametophytesGametophytes– pollen grainpollen grain– embryo sac embryo sac
Pollengrains
embryosac
Flower Sporophyte
Ga
met
op
hyt
es
A Complete Flower Has A Complete Flower Has
Both Male and Female PartsBoth Male and Female Parts
SepalSepal
PetalPetal
OvaryOvary
StyleStyle
StigmaStigma
Pist
ilPi
stil
Pist
ilPi
stil
AntherAntherFilamentFilament
Stam
enSt
amen
Stam
enSt
amen
All Sepals=CalyxAll Sepals=Calyx
All Petals=CorollaAll Petals=Corolla
Plant ReproductionPlant Reproduction
Flower PartFlower Part FunctionFunction
SepalsSepals Enclose and protect budEnclose and protect bud
PetalsPetals Attract pollinatorsAttract pollinators
StamenStamen Produce pollen in antherProduce pollen in anther
Pistil (carpel)Pistil (carpel) Produce ovule in ovaryProduce ovule in ovary
Flowering Flowering Plant Plant Life Life CycleCycle
HaploidHaploid1n1n
DiploidDiploid2n2n
MatureMatureSporophyteSporophyte
meiosismeiosisMegasporeMegaspore(female)(female)
MicrosporeMicrospore(male)(male)
mitosis,mitosis,differentiationdifferentiation
mitosis,mitosis,differentiationdifferentiation
MaleMaleGametophyteGametophyte(Pollen)(Pollen)
SpermSpermCellsCells
FemaleFemaleGametophyteGametophyte(Embryo Sac)(Embryo Sac)
EggEggCellCell
fusionfusionto formto formzygotezygote
in ovaryin ovary
mitosis,mitosis,differentiation,differentiation,growthgrowth
Mature PollenMature PollenGrainGrain
Pollination Pollination andandFertilization Fertilization in a Flowerin a Flower
Tube Cell NucleusTube Cell NucleusSperm CellsSperm Cells
1.1. pollen grainspollen grainsland on stigmaland on stigma
StigmaStigma
StyleStyle
OvaryOvary
2.2. pollen tubes growpollen tubes growdown style to ovarydown style to ovary
SpermSperm
EggEgg
3b3b Fusion ofFusion ofsperm + eggsperm + egg
3a3a Fusion of 2Fusion of 2ndnd
sperm + twosperm + twopolar nucleipolar nuclei
3.3. doubledoublefertilizatiofertilizationn
Polar nucleiPolar nuclei
OvuleOvule
Development of Fruit and SeedsFrom Flower Parts
TriploidTriploidEndospermEndosperm
CellCell
TriploidTriploidEndospermEndosperm
CellCell
OvaryOvaryOvaryOvaryIntegumentIntegumentIntegumentIntegument
ZygoteZygoteZygoteZygote
EndospermEndospermEndospermEndosperm
FreshFreshFruitFruitFreshFreshFruitFruit
SeedSeedCoatCoatSeedSeedCoatCoat
EmbryoEmbryoEmbryoEmbryoSeed = fertilized ovule = embryo + endosperm + seed coatFruit = ovary wall, mechanism for seed dispersal
Comparing Monocot and Dicot Plants
Flower SymmetryFlower Symmetry
RadialRadial Symmetry Symmetry(Regular)(Regular)
Bilateral Bilateral SymmetrySymmetry(Irregular)(Irregular)
Ovary PositionOvary Position
Superior Ovary
InferiorOvary
Coevolution of Plant and PollinatorCoevolution of Plant and Pollinator
Wind PollinationWind Pollination
Pollination by Pollination by BeetlesBeetles
Pollination by Pollination by AntsAnts
Pollination by Pollination by Carrion FliesCarrion Flies
Pollination by MammalsPollination by Mammals
Pollination by Pollination by WaspsWasps
PollinationPollination by Bees by Bees
Ultraviolet Patterns Guide Bees to NectarUltraviolet Patterns Guide Bees to Nectar
HumanHumanVisionVision
BeeBeeVisionVision
Impersonating Impersonating a Pollinatora Pollinator
Pollination by Pollination by MothsMoths
Pollination by Pollination by HummingbirdsHummingbirds
Pollination by Pollination by ButterfliesButterflies
Composite Composite FlowersFlowers
CLEAN UP!CLEAN UP!
• Leave plant specimens in orderly arraysLeave plant specimens in orderly arrays• Discard dissected flower parts in the Discard dissected flower parts in the
trashtrash• Return any microscopes to their Return any microscopes to their
cabinets cabinets
Thank you!Thank you!
WorksheetWorksheet
• Turn in pages 155-157 from lab manualTurn in pages 155-157 from lab manual– Record your answer and reasoning for Record your answer and reasoning for
any 10 any 10 specimens, making sure to write the specimens, making sure to write the answer on the line that matches the answer on the line that matches the specimen numberspecimen number
• Be sure your instructor checks your Be sure your instructor checks your completed worksheet before you leave completed worksheet before you leave the labthe lab