Modern Nursing

Concepts

• Florence Nightingale’s original theory for nursing practice was holistic.

• Her concepts included human/individual, society/environment, health/disease and nursing.

• She focused more on physical factors than on psychological needs of patients because of the nature of nursing practice during her time.

Concepts

• Patient• Environment• Nursing• Health• Disease

Assumptions

1. Healthy surroundings were necessary for proper nursing care2. Nursing is achieved through environmental alteration3. Nursing requires a specific educational base

Propositions

1a. Nurses must be able to provide fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and a proper diet to patients1b. Therefore, these must be given consideration:• Ventilation and warming• Light, Noise

Propositions

• Cleanliness of rooms/walls• Health of houses• Bed and bedding• Personal cleanliness• Chattering hopes and advices• Taking food.

Propositions

2a. Nurses must facilitate a patient’s reparative process by ensuring the best possible environment;2b. Patients are to be put in the best condition for nature to act on them, it is the responsibility of nurses to reduce noise, to relieve patients’ anxieties, and to help them sleep3. Therefore, skills measurement through licensing by the use of testing methods, the case studies must be done.

Nursing Paradigms

Person Environment

HealthNursing

Who is the target of assessment and intervention?

Person/ PATIENT- A human being acted upon by a nurse, or affected by the environment- Has reparative powers to deal with disease - Recovery is in the patient’s power as long as a safe environment exists

FOCUS

Focuses on nursing and the patient-environment

relationship

IMMEDIATE NEEDS must be met first

before healing is possible.

The foundational component of Nightingale’s theory

The external conditions & forces that affect one’s life and development

Includes everything from a person’s food to a nurse’s verbal & nonverbal

interactions with the patient

Environment

6 Essential Elements

1. Pure water

2. Clean air

6 Essential Elements

3. Appropriate light

6 Essential Elements

4. Sufficient food supplies

6 Essential Elements

5. Cleanliness

6 Essential Elements

6. Effective drainage

6 Essential Elements

Health- Maintained by using a person’s healing powers to their fullest

extent.- Maintained by controlling the environmental factors so as to

prevent disease.- Disease is viewed as a

reparative process instituted by nature.

- Health & disease are the focus of the nurse.

- Nurses help patients through their healing process.

Provides fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and a proper diet

Facilitates a patient’s reparative process by ensuring the best possibleenvironment

Influences the environment to affect health

Nursing

Florence saw nursing as being made of two parts: ‘Sanitary Nursing', which

was care of the environment, and ‘Nursing

as a Handicraft'.

Nursing

• "Patients are to be put in the best condition for nature to act on them, it is the responsibility of nurses to reduce noise, to relieve patients’ anxieties, and to help them sleep."

• Decrease the risk of infection• advocated for health promotion

and disease prevention

Usefulness to PRACTICE

• She was the first to use a theoretical foundation to nursing.

• Use of graphical representations like the polar diagrams.

• Notes on nursing.

Usefulness to RESEARCH

• Florence Nightingale provided a professional model for nursing organization.

• Her thoughts have influenced nursing significantly.

• Principles of nursing training. Better practice result from better education.

• Skills measurement through licensing by the use of testing methods, the case studies.

Usefulness to EDUCATION

• Hospitals reach people at a time when they are especially vulnerable and, therefore, educable.

• More hospitals have come to the realization that there is a connection between environmental health and patient health

Administration

Concepts